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PERIOD V.

UNDER THE CONSTITUTION, 1789-1861.

GEOGRAPHY QUESTIONS

FOR CHAPTER XXVII.

Map of United States-1. What State lies between New York and New Hampshire? 2. What State lies south of Kentucky? 3. Into which of the Great Lakes does the Maumee River flow? 4. Bound Vermont; Kentucky; Tennessee.

CHAPTER XXVII.

WASHINGTON'S ADMINISTRATION, 1789-1797.

1. George Washington. When Congress counted 1789 the votes, in 1789, Washington had received all that were cast. Four years later, he was again unanimously elected. He would not serve a third term, and went to live on his fine farm, Mount Vernon. When he retired, he issued to the people a Farewell Address, in which he gave some excellent advice. Washington made a good President, because he was a true patriot. He was called the "Father of his Country," because he had managed the nation's affairs so well in its infancy.

2. What Congress Did in Washington's Administration. Congress had a hard time to put the new government on its feet. The country owed a good deal

of money to people in France and Holland, and this had to be paid. Laws were passed to raise money by a tariff to pay these debts and the expenses of the government. A tariff is a tax on goods when they are brought into the country. The people in Europe send a great many goods over here every year. Before these goods

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can be landed, the owners have to pay a duty or tariff on them. The first tariff, as I have just told you, was im- 1789 posed in Washington's administration. Alexander

Hamilton, a great statesman from New York, made

1790 plans to pay all of the debts of the United States. Hamilton also got Congress to establish a National Bank, which was to look after the money of the United States. Some people in the North wanted Congress to abolish slavery, but Congress declared that it had no right to deal with slavery in the States.

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3. Beginning of Political Parties.— You hear every day about the Democratic and Republican parties. Parties began in the time of Washington. One party thought that nothing, except what was plainly stated in the Constitution, ought to be done by Congress. Thomas Jefferson led this party, which was called the National Republican, and, some years later, the Democratic Party. Another party thought that Congress had the right to do anything which was for the good of the United States. This party, headed by Alexander Hamilton, was usually called the Federalist Party.

4. Trouble with England and France.-The United States was a little country, and had only four million people, so England and France did not treat us fairly. They would seize our ships on the ocean and sell the cargoes, and pay us nothing for them. Washington, however, was wise enough to avoid war.

5. Trouble With Indians-Whiskey Insurrection.The Indians in the Northwest Territory were very troublesome. They defeated General St. Clair and killed nine hundred of his men. Three years afterwards, the brave Anthony Wayne crushed them at Maumee 1794 (Maw' mee) River. In order to raise money, Congress put a tax on whiskey. The people in western Pennsyl

vania made a great deal of whiskey, and did not want to pay the tax. They raised an insurrection. Washington 1794 sent against them "Light Horse Harry" Lee, the father

of Robert E. Lee, and they were forced to obey the laws of the United States.

6. New States. While Washington was President, Vermont, Kentucky and Tennessee became States.

QUESTIONS.-1. Who was the first President? 2. How long was he President? 3. What was he called? 4. What is meant by tariff? 5. How did Congress raise taxes? 6. What proposals of Hamilton were accepted? 7. What did Congress declare about slavery? 8. What parties were there at this time? 9. What trouble was there with England and France? 10. Tell about St. Clair and the Indians. 11. Tell about Wayne and the Indians. 12. What new States were admitted?

CHAPTER XXVIII.

JOHN ADAMS' ADMINISTRATION, 1797-1801.

1. John Adams.-The next President was John Adams of Massachusetts. He belonged to the Federalist Party, and had been Vice-President while Washington was President. He got Congress to pass two lawsone gave the President the right to send out of the country any objectionable foreigner, and the other made it unlawful for any one to print any

thing against the government. Many people did not think these laws were right. Adams also had trouble with France, and he did not seem to know what to do.

Development-The Cotton

Gin. In the United States there

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John Adams

was rapid development. Schools were springing up

all over the land, and the people had good books to read. In the North the people were getting rich by commerce, and in the South, by agriculture. They had begun to raise cotton, but it took a woman a whole day to get one pound of it free from seed. About this time, Eli Whitney, a New Englander, invented a machine for separating the seed from the cotton. He had worked his way through Yale University, and gone to

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Georgia to teach. While there he was told by a Mrs. Greene that if he could invent a machine for cleaning cotton, he would make a fortune. Whitney set to work and made the cotton gin, which would clean many hundred times as much cotton in a day as a woman could. Whitney's invention soon caused a large increase in the production of cotton.

3. Death of Washington.-Washington died in 1799 1799, at his home at Mount Vernon. It has been truly said of him, that he was "first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen."

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