6. Battle of Chickamauga.-After the battle of Murfreesboro, Bragg defeated Rosecrans at Chickamauga. Sep. The Federal loss was immense, and the defeat would 20, have become a panic but for the gallantry of the Federal 1863 general, Thomas, who held the left flank of the army solid long after the right and centre had left the field. Rosecrans retreated to Chattanooga, where he was besieged by Bragg. 7. Battle of Chattanooga.-General Grant moved to the help of Rosecrans. He forced a way into the city, with reinforcements and food. Bragg, not knowing how strong Grant's force was, sent Longstreet against Knoxville. As soon as Longstreet left, Grant attacked and Nov. beat Bragg in the battle of Lookout Mountain, and also 24, in the battle of Missionary Ridge. Lookout Mountain 1863 was so high that the fight at the top is sometimes called the "Battle above the Clouds." It hardly deserves to be called a battle, however, as the thin Confederate line on the mountain could not long withstand the attack of the Federals. Bragg retreated to Dalton, Georgia, and General Joseph E. Johnston was again put in command of the Confederate army. Both armies then went into winter quarters. QUESTIONS.-1. What was the Emancipation Proclamation? 2. Who had command of the Federals at the battle of Chancellorsville? 3. What happened to him there? 4. What great Confederate general was killed? 5. Tell of the Gettysburg campaign. 6. Who was made fifth general of the Army of the Potomac? 7. Name some of the Confederate generals at Gettysburg. 8. Tell of the fall of Vicksburg. 9. Tell of the battle of Chickamauga. 10. Who was besieged in Chattanooga? 11. Who saved him? 12. What is the "Battle above the Clouds"? 13. Where did the Confederates go? GEOGRAPHY QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER XLIII. Map of Confederate States-1. In what State are Atlanta and Savannah? 2. What is the distance from Atlanta to Savannah? (Answer: Two hundred and fifty miles.) 3. What is the capital of Tennessee? In what direction is it from Atlanta? 4. Where is Petersburg? How far is it from Richmond? (Answer: Twentytwo miles.) 5. Locate Appomattox Courthouse. In what direcMap of the United States-6. Bound tion is it from Richmond? West Virginia; Nevada. CHAPTER XLIII. THE CLOSE OF THE WAR. 1. Grant in Command.-On March 2, 1864, General Mch. Grant was put in command of all the Federal forces. 2, He was the best man President Lincoln could have 1864 found for the place. He formed plans, and, in spite of the loss of men, he stuck to them. It is true that Grant could get all the men he wanted, but so could the other Federal commanding generals, and the fact that he had superior forces ought not to make us forget that Grant showed that he had military skill of a very high order. 2. Sherman in the South.-Two movements were planned against the Confederacy-the capture of Atlanta and the capture of Richmond. Grant ordered Sherman to advance against Johnston. Sherman had 100,000 men and Johnston about 60,000. Johnston May, kept falling back and always chose such strong places 1864 for his army that Sherman feared to attack him. On this retreat, battles were fought at Dalton, Resacal (Re sä'cä) and other places, and at last Johnston withdrew into Atlanta, and his command was given to General Hood, 3. Sherman and Hood.-Hood made numerous attacks on Sherman's line, but was driven back into Atlanta. Forty days afterwards, Hood left the city, which fell into Sherman's hands. Hood then proceeded into Tennessee and besieged General Thomas who had taken possession of Nashville. As soon as Thomas had gotten his army ready, he attacked Hood, and routed and scattered his army. While Hood's army was fighting in Tennessee, Sherman started on his famous "March to the Sea." His army destroyed everything He reached in the region through which it went. 1864 Savannah, and capured it just before Christmas. Dec. 21, Sherman then sent a message to Lincoln giving him 4. Sherman's March. Sherman's army then started Feb. towards Virginia to help Grant capture Richmond. 1865 Wherever he went, he did immense damage to property of all kinds. He went back through Georgia into South Carolina, where he burned Columbia, the capital of the State. After further destruction, he went into North Carolina. Here General Joe Johnston had collected a part of Hood's army, to try to stop Sherman from getting into Virginia; but events in that State soon made. this resistance useless. 5. Grant in Virginia.-General Grant took upon him. self the task of conquering Lee, and started towards Richmond through northern Virginia. His road led through the Wilderness, and in this place and at Spotsylvania Courthouse bloody battles were fought. At the beginning of these battles Grant had about 150,000 men, May Lee about 60,000. In two weeks Grant's loss was 5-20, 40,000; shortly afterwards, he attacked Lee at Cold 186A Harbor, and lost 12,000 men in thirty minutes. July 30, 6. Fall of Richmond.—Little by little Grant drew nearer to Richmond. He closed around Lee's army at Petersburg, and besieged him for months. Grant tried. to capture Petersburg by exploding a mine dug under a part of Lee's breastworks. As the mine exploded the Federals rushed forward, but after a terrible battle they 1864 were driven back. Lee's army was suffering for food and clothing, and had been reduced till it contained only about 30,000 men fit for service. General Grant had at hand more than 100,000 and Sherman was coming from the South with 100,000 more. There was no Confederate force to stop Sherman, except 20,000 men under General Johnston. To save his army Lee started South, hoping to avoid Sherman and join Johnston. Then the Federal forces captured Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy, April 3, 1865, and a few The Battle of the Crater, July 30, 1864. April days later, April 9th, General Lee was forced to sur- |