region drained by the Mississippi was called Louisiana, in honor of the great king, Louis XIV., of France. France claimed all this country. La Salle thought it would be a good thing to make a settlement in Louisiana near the mouth of the Mississippi, so that France might control the two longest rivers in North America, the St. Lawrence and the Mississippi. He told the French king, Louis, about it, and at once an expedition was sent out to settle Louisiana. La Salle failed to find the 1684 mouth of the Mississippi, so his settlement was made somewhere in what is now Texas. His men quarrelled and the Indians were unfriendly, so that the colony was on the brink of ruin. La Salle was a very brave man. He made up his mind to go up to Quebec and get aid. But on the way the few men whom he took with him. killed him. But it was the work of La Salle which gave France the claim to Louisiana.

QUESTIONS.-1. Tell what you know of Balboa. 2. What did he discover? 3. What did he claim for the King of Spain? 4. Who was Ponce de Leon? 5. What land did he discover and name? 6. Where did the Spaniards make their first settlement in Florida? 7. Who conquered Mexico? 8. Who was the King of Mexico? 9. Who were the Aztecs? 10. How did the Montezuma try to make friends with the Spaniards? 11. What part of the New World did the Spaniards claim? 12. Who was De Soto? 13. What great river did he discover? 14. Where was De Soto buried? 15. What became of his followers? 16. Name two French discoverers. 17. What part of the country did Verrazano explore? 18. What explorations were made by Cartier ? 19. What river did Hudson find? 20. What was the name of his ship? 21. Who was the first European to sail down the Mississippi? 22. What country was called Louisiana? 23. Whose work gave the French a claim to Louisiana?

GEOGRAPHY QUESTIONS

FOR CHAPTER IV.

Map of South America-1. What island is south of South America? 2. What strait separates it from South America? Map of the World-3. Where are the Philippine Islands? 4. In what direction is Spain from Africa? Map of North America-5. Where is the Isthmus of Panama? 6. Where is Oregon? Map of England-7. Where is Plymouth? Map of the World-8. Through what oceans would you pass in sailing from Oregon to Plymouth?

CHAPTER IV.

SAILING AROUND THE WORLD.

1. Magellan.-The fact that Columbus and others had discovered new lands did not prove that the earth was round. Nobody had yet reached India by sailing to the west. Soon after the discovery of America, Vasco da Gama (Vǎs'cō dä Găm'ä), a Portuguese sailor, had reached India by sailing around the South of Africa. It yet remained for some

one to reach India by going

1519 west. In 1519, a brave sailor
set out from Spain with five
little ships. This was Fer-
nando Magellan (Mā jěl'-
lăn). He was a Portuguese
by birth, but had hired him-
self to the King of Spain.
Magellan was determined
to find his way to Asia,
either through or around America.
how Amerigo Vespucci had sailed

Magellan.

of South America; he knew that Balboa had seen a great ocean, and had claimed all the lands in it for Spain. Magellan sailed west, and then south. He coasted along South America as Amerigo Vespucci had done. But he went farther, and reached the extreme southern part of South America, and passed through the strait which separates it from the island of Terra del Fuego (Ter'rä děl Fwā'gō). This strait is now called the Strait of Magellan. He then came into a great ocean. which was so quiet and calm that he named it the Pacific. It was the same ocean that Balboa had seen. Magellan then turned somewhat northwest, and discovered many islands in the Pacific. He came to the Philippine (Fil'i peen) Islands, where the natives were very fierce and savage. Magellan and his men fought a battle with these savages, and Magellan was killed. Three years had passed away since Magellan sailed from Spain, and the people had almost forgotten about him. But one day one of his little ships got back to Spain. The sailors told the story of how Magellan had been killed, and how the other four ships had been lost. This little ship had left the Philippine Islands and sailed through the Indian Ocean around the south of Africa and thence north to 1522 Spain. When the wise men of the Spanish court who had told Columbus that the world was not round, heard this, they were convinced that they had been mistaken. Magellan never got around the world, but most histories say that he was the first man to sail around the world, because one of his ships went all the way.

2. Francis Drake. In the sixteenth century the English were often at war with the Spaniards. There was one bold English sailor who often stopped the

Spanish ships at sea and took from them large sums of gold which the Spaniards had gotten from South America or Mexico. This was Sir Francis Drake, a

dashing, daring man. He went all over the sea looking for Spanish ships, and he fought so bravely for England that Queen Elizabeth ("good Queen Bess") made him a knight. His fine ship was called the "Golden Hind." On one occasion, while watching for Spanish ships, he touched on the Isthmus of Panama. He went on shore, and climbed a great tree and saw the Pacific Ocean, and said that some day he was going to sail an English ship on those waters.

Queen Elizabeth.

3. Drake's Voyage Around the World. Several years later, he left England with the "Golden Hind" and four other ships. He went across the Atlantic, and sailed around South America. On the western shore of South America, he seized a Spanish treasure ship, from which he took gold and silver worth

west across

millions of dollars. He then sailed up as far as Oregon. From here, he 1579 went the Pacific, through the Indian Ocean, around South Africa, and back into the Atlantic. In ten months after he left England, he returned and sailed into Plymouth harbor. The treasure which Drake took from the Spaniards on this voyage made him one of the richest men in England. Besides,

Sir Francis Drake.

this voyage made him famous, as he was the first Englishman to sail around the world.

QUESTIONS.-1. What did Fernando Magellan set out to do? 2. By whom was he sent? 3. In what direction did he sail? 4. How far south did he sail? 5. How did he get from the Atlantic into the Pacific ocean? 6. What islands did Magellan discover in the Pacific ocean? 7. What happened to Magellan? 8. Through what waters and around what country did his ships sail after leaving the Philippine islands? 9. How many of his ships got back to Spain? 10. What important fact did this voyage prove? 11. Tell what you can about Sir Francis Drake. 12. Describe his route around the world. 13. What was the name of the ship on which he sailed?

GEOGRAPHY QUESTIONS

FOR CHAPTER V.

Map of North America-1. What strait separates Asia from North America? 2. What bay makes into the northern coast of North America? 3. What range of mountains runs from Mexico to Alaska? 4. In what direction does this mountain range extend? 5. What country lies south of the United States?