grand scene and all were delighted. When Spotswood and his followers returned to Williamsburg, they told of this beautiful country. Soon the people began to go

Spotswood Crossing the Blue Ridge Mountains.

over the mountains and settle there. Spotswood never 1732 returned to England. When he died, he was buried near Yorktown in a few hundred yards of the place where Cornwallis afterwards surrendered. You will hear about Cornwallis after a while.

QUESTIONS.-1. Describe the Starving Time in Virginia. 2. What did the colonists decide to do? 3. How were they prevented from going back to England? 4. Who succeeded Lord Delaware as governor of Virginia? 5. What changes did Sir Thomas Dale make in regard to raising crops? 6. What was found to be a profitable crop in the colony? 7. How many settlements were there in Virginia when Yeardley became Governor? 8. What changes did he make in the government? 9. Of what was the House of Burgesses composed and where did they meet? 10. Had the people of Virginia been allowed to make their own laws before this time? 11. What was brought into the colony in 1619? 12. Why did the Virginians buy the negroes? 13. How did the colonists get their wives? 14. Tell what you can of the massacre of 1622. 15. How many inhabitants were murdered?

16. When did a second massacre occur? 17. How many were murdered then? 18. How did Virginia get the name, "Old Dominion "? 19. What was the condition of Virginia under Cromwell? 20. Who became king of England after the death of Cromwell? 21. How did Charles II. treat the colonists? 22. Who was governor of Virginia at that time? 23. Why did Virginia send Berkeley to England? 24. What was the result of his visit to England? 25. How did he treat the Virginians after his return? 26. Who was Nathaniel Bacon? 27. Whom did he ask for a commission to fight the Indians? 28. Did Berkeley give it? 29. What did Bacon do? 30. How did Bacon at last get the commission? 31. What did Governor Berkeley do after Bacon and his men left Jamestown? 32. What was the result of Governor Berkeley's action? 33. What happened to Bacon? 34. What became of many of his followers? 35. What became of Berkeley? 36. Who was the next governor of Virginia? 37. What was the condition of Virginia under Governor Spotswood?

GEOGRAPHY QUESTIONS

FOR CHAPTER IX.

Map of Middle Atlantic States-1. Where is Manhattan Island? 2. What large river in the eastern part of New York? 3. Where is Albany? 4. In what direction is New Jersey from New York? Map of Europe-5. Where is Holland? 6. How would a vessel sail from Holland to New York?

CHAPTER IX.

NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY.

1. The Dutch in New York. I have told you of Henry Hudson and his explorations in what is now New York. The Dutch determined to take possession of this region before the English could seize it. In 1614 they 1614 established a colony on Manhattan Island which is now

a part of New York city. They paid the Indians about

$24 for the whole

island. This set

tlement they called New Amsterdam (Am'ster dam) and the whole country the New Netherland (Neth'er land) The Dutch also went up the Hudson River and established another

settlement near

where Albany

(Awl'ba ny) now

stands.

dians very badly.

A Dutch Windmill.

2. Peter Stuyvesant.-The Dutch treated the InThey taught them to drink whiskey, and often, while they were drunk, would cheat them out of their furs. The fur trade proved so profitable that many merchants came over from Holland. Some farmers also came, and took large estates on the beautiful Hudson. The owner of one of these estates was called a "patroon," and lived like a prince. In a few years the Indians saw that the Dutch were getting all their

Peter Stuyvesant.

land, so they made war on them. About thirty years after the first settlement, Peter Stuyvesant (Sti'vē sǎnt) was appointed governor. He soon quieted the Indians, and laid claim to all of Delaware and New Jersey. He found some Swedes in Delaware, and made them submit to the Dutch rule. Stuyvesant was a very cross and peevish man, and did not get along well with the settlers. They wanted to take part in making their own laws, while Stuyvesant wanted to rule just as he thought best. Some English had gotten into the colony, and they knew what it was to have a voice in governing themselves.

Dutch House.

1664 3. The English Take New York.-Stuyvesant had heard that the English thought of taking New Amsterdam. He knew, however, that England and Holland were not at war. He thought that England would not seize a colony of a country with which she was at peace. Charles II., however, did not care for that, and told his brother, James, Duke of York, afterwards king of England, that, if he could take it, he should have all the country in America which the Dutch possessed. So in 1664, an English fleet sailed up to New Amsterdam and commanded the governor to surrender. The governor wanted to resist, but the people would not help him. They remembered how Stuyvesant would not let them have a part in making their own laws. Stuyvesant, therefore, had to surrender. The English named the colony and city New York, in honor of the Duke of

York. The colony prospered under the English. By 1700 there were about 25,000 people in the colony.

4. New Jersey. The Dutch were the first people to settle in what is now New Jersey. The Swedes also claimed it. But the real beginning of New Jersey was not till 1664. The Duke of York sold to two English lords, Berkeley and Carteret (Cär'tē rět), the land lying between the Hudson and the Delaware rivers. Carteret had been governor of the little island of Jersey, so he called this territory New Jersey The first English set- 1665 tlement was made at Elizabethtown, named after the wife of Carteret. The two proprietors (owners) quarrelled, and New Jersey was divided into West Jersey and 1676 East Jersey. The Quakers bought the western part. William Penn was one of these Quakers. Finally, all of the proprietors gave up their rights, and the different parts were united into one colony under the manage- 1702 ment of the English Crown. New Jersey was more fortunate than most of the colonies. It had very few Indians to contend with, and the soil was very productive. So the colony prospered from its first settlement.

QUESTIONS.-1. Where was the first settlement in New York made? By whom? 2. What large city now stands on Manhattan island? 3. What name was given to the whole country? 4. How did the Dutch treat the Indians? 5. What was the consequence? 6. Tell what you can of Peter Stuyvesant. 7. Who took New Amsterdam from the Dutch? 8. What name did the English give to New Amsterdam? 9. What was the condition of the colonists under the English? 10. By whom was New Jersey first settled? 11. What other nation claimed it? 12. Who finally got possession of it? 13. Why was New Jersey more prosperous than the other colonies had been?