the heirs of Gorges, and retained it till it was made a State.

QUESTIONS.-1. By whom was New England settled? 2. Why could not the Pilgrims be happy in England? 3. In coming to this country they were seeking for what liberty? 4. To what country did the Pilgrims go before they came to America? 5. Why were they called Pilgrims? 6. What was the name of the ship in which they came? 7. Where did they land and when? 8. Give some account of their sufferings. 9. Tell what you can of Captain Miles Standish. 10. What drove the Puritans from England? 11. Mention some places they settled. 12. What was the Massachusetts Bay colony? 13. What was the character of the Puritans? 14. Tell of their treatment of people who did not believe as they did. 15. Tell the story of Roger Williams. 16. What place did he settle? 17. Why was Anne Hutchinson compelled to leave Massachusetts? 18. What liberty about the worship of God was granted to the people of Rhode Island? 19. By whom was the Connecticut Valley claimed? 20. By whom was the settlement at Windsor made? 21. For what purpose? 22. How was Connecticut formed? 23. How was Connecticut governed? 24. Who drew up the first constitution ever made in America? 25. By whom was New Haven settled? 26. Of what colony did it become a part in 1662? 27. Where was the colony of New Hampshire? 28. Who settled Maine? 29. How did Massachusetts get possession of Maine?

1820

CHAPTER XI.

MORE ABOUT NEW ENGLAND.

1. The Pequots.

One tribe of Indians in New England was called the Pequots (pe kwot); they tried to keep the English out of the Connecticut Valley. They would hide themselves and murder the colonists while they were at work plowing in the fields. Sometimes they would burn some of the colonists alive. Captain

Mason got together ninety men in Connecticut, and he was joined by twenty others under Captain Underhill from Massachusetts. Early one morning, they surprised the Pequot fort where there were about 500 Indians, and threw firebrands into the fort. The wig1637 wams caught on fire, and all the Indians except five were either burned to death or shot while they were trying to escape.

2. New England Confederation. To defend themselves against the Indians, and to keep back the Dutch in New York and the French in Canada, the colonies of Plymouth, Massachusetts, New Haven, and Connecticut 1643 united in what was called a "Confederation." Rhode

Island was not allowed to come in because all people in that colony were allowed to worship God as they chose. This Confederation lasted for forty years, and was the first effort ever made by the colonies to unite.

3. New England in Cromwell's Time.-I have already told you about Cromwell. He was a Puritan, so, when he was ruler of England, the people of New England had their own way. They would not let anybody come into the colony who did not have the same religion that they had. Some Quakers came. You know that the people who are usually called Quakers, call themselves "Friends." They are always good people, and do not believe in wars. These Quakers never did any harm in New England, but they were ordered out of the colonies. They would not go. The people of Boston then rose up and, after a trial, three innocent Quakers 1660 were put to death. While the judges were trying another one, a brave Quaker walked into the court-room and said: "I come here to warn you that ye shed no more

innocent blood." They seized him, but were afraid to put him to death. When Charles II. became king, he prevented the Massachusetts people from putting the Quakers to death.

4. John Eliot.-The people of New England did all they could for the Indians. There was one man who was so active in trying to make Christians of the Indians, that he has often been spoken of as the "Apostle to the Indians." This was John Eliot. He learned the Indian language and preached to the Indians. He even gave them the Bible in their own language. If you have a copy of this Bible, you can sell it for $2,000. As a result of his work, there were soon 4,000 "praying" Indians in New England. Several schools were built for them.

John Eliot.

5. King Philip's War.-In spite of the fact that the whites were trying to do the Indians good, they always hated the whites. The Indians felt that the settlers were their masters, and were taking their lands. So finally, the great Indian chief, Philip, a son of Mas sã soit', who had been a friend of the first settlers, raised a revolt against the whites. The village of Swanzey was attacked 1675 by the Indians while the people were coming from church. Some of the whites were killed, others burned alive. Another chief, Canonchet (Ca non'chět), with 3,000 warriors, joined Philip. The colonies raised an army of 1,000 men, and killed Philip and Canonchet. Some of the Indians were captured and sold as slaves in the West Indies. King Philip's little nine year old son

was among those sold as slaves.

One Sunday, while this war was going on, a servant girl was left to mind the children while the family was at church. An Indian soon appeared and tried to break into the house. The servant shot him in the shoulder. This made the Indian more determined than ever to get into the house. Just as the door fell, the servant girl threw

a shovelful of hot coals in his face. With a howl of pain the Indian ran away, and next day was found dead in the forest.

6. Andros in New England.-Charles II. was very kind to Rhode Island and Connecticut. He gave them liberal charters. But he did not like the Massachusetts people because they concealed two men who had taken part in killing his father. He told them that they would have to let other persons besides church members have a part in ruling the colony. As they did not obey him, he determined to make them suffer. But before he could do anything, he died, and was succeeded by his brother, 1685 James II., who appointed Edmund Andros as governor of all New England with orders to overturn the governments in these colonies. The people soon hated Andros because they thought he was taking away their rights. He took from Rhode Island its charter. Then

he tried to get the charter from Connecticut. One night, he was talking to some of the leading men about it, when a Connecticut patriot, Captain Wadsworth, blew out the light, seized

the charter from
the table, and hid 1687
it in a hollow oak.
This tree was ever
after called the
Charter Oak. In
Boston, Andros
made the Puritans
give up their

Charter Oak.

church, so that the
services of the

Church of England could be held. This made the people furious, and, when they had an opportunity, they drove Andros and his government out of New England.

7. The Salem Witchcraft.-Many New England 1692 people lost their heads, and imagined that some poor innocent persons had been bewitching some children and making them do strange things. They thought that these persons were possessed of a devil and ought to be put to death. On one occasion five persons were hanged, and, on another, eight. A preacher, passing by the gallows upon which they were hanging, said: "There hang eight firebrands of hell." After a little while the people came to their senses, and stopped the persecution.

8. New England in 1692.-When William and Mary became the sovereigns of England, they made the Plymouth colony a part of Massachusetts. There were then