PERIOD III.

WARS WITH THE FRENCH AND INDIANS.

GEOGRAPHY QUESTIONS

FOR CHAPTER XV.

Maps of the United States and of Canada-1. What part of the United States is drained by the Mississippi? 2. Where is Montreal? Quebec? 3. Where is Nova Scotia? 4. What large island northeast of Nova Scotia? 5. Where is Cape Breton?

CHAPTER XV.

THREE WARS WITH THE FRENCH AND INDIANS.

1. French Claims.—I have already told you that La Salle explored and claimed all of the Mississippi Valley for France. The King of England had told the English colonists that they might have all the land from their settlements on the Atlantic Ocean back to the Pacific Ocean. When the English found out that the French were claiming the land given them by the king, they were glad of an excuse to fight the French. The English colonists believed that the French had frequently made the Indians attack their settlements. Whenever France and England went to war (as very frequently happened in those days) the colonists of those two countries did the same. In these wars, the Indians, except those in New York, helped the French.

All but

2. Wars between the French and English. one of these wars are named after the king or queen that ruled over England at the time it was going on. These wars are called (1) King William's War, (2) Queen Anne's War, (3) King George's War, (4) The French and Indian War.

3. King William's War.-King William's War lasted 1689 eight years. During this war, the French stirred up the Indians to attack the English colonies. Horrible cruel

ties were practiced by the Indians in the North. The Indians would steal over the snow on their snow-shoes, set fire to the towns and villages at night when all the people were asleep, and then butcher those who tried to escape from the flames. One night, sixty people were massacred in this way in the village of Schenectady (Ske nek' ta dy). More than one hundred were slain at Durham. Sometimes a large part of all those living in a town would be murdered and scalped. The French

hated the English so much that they paid the Indians $25 for every English scalp. The English offered the same amount for Indian scalps.

4. Story of Mrs. Dustin and the Indians.—During an Indian attack on a town in Massachusetts, a Mrs. Dustin and her baby and nurse were captured. After the Indians had knocked out the baby's brains against a post, they carried off Mrs. Dustin and the nurse. With the Indians was a little boy whom they had captured some time before. The three prisoners made a plan to escape. One night, they fell upon the Indians, and scalped them. When Mrs. Dustin got back home, she was paid $250 for the ten scalps.

5. The War Ends.-The English sent expeditions against the French settlements in Canada. They wanted to capture Montreal and Quebec, but they failed to capture either. At last, the "mother countries" stopped 1697 fighting, and thus the war between the colonies came to an end.

1702

1713

6. Queen Anne's War.-Queen Anne's War lasted eleven years. During this war the people in North and South Carolina suffered greatly from the Indians. In North Carolina the Indians robbed, tortured and killed numbers of the whites, but were in the end so badly defeated that they left the colony and went North to join the Five Indian Nations in New York.

7. Expedition against Canada. The New England people sent an army and a fleet against the French. The army did not accomplish anything; the fleet captured Nova Scotia. When peace was made, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland were left in possession of the English.

8. King George's War.-King George's War lasted 1744 only four years. The only important event in this war was the capture of the French settlement at Louisburg by the colonists. They were very proud of taking this place, as it was a very strong fort situated on Cape Breton (Brět'on) Island; but it took six weeks and a great deal of hard fighting to capture it. When the war was over, King George gave Louisburg back to the French.

QUESTIONS.-1. What valley did the French claim? 2. Why did the English claim it also? 3. What reasons did the English have for fighting the French? 4. Which side did the Indians take? 5. How many wars were there between the French and English in America? 6. How long did King William's War last? 7. What did the Indians do at Schenectady? 8. Tell about Mrs. Dustin. 9. What was paid for scalps? 10. What places did the English want to take? 11. What brought the war to an end? 12. How long did Queen Anne's War last? 13. What people suffered in this war? 14. What expedition was made by the English? 15. How long did King George's War last? 16. What place did the colonists take? 17. What did King George do with Louisburg?

GEOGRAPHY QUESTIONS

FOR CHAPTER XVI.

Map of United States-1. Where is New Orleans? 2. Where are the Great Lakes? 3. Where is the Ohio River? 4. Name all the States which border on the north side of the Ohio River.

CHAPTER XVI.

THE FRENCH IN THE OHIO VALLEY.

1. French Trading-Posts.-Ever since the death of La Salle, the French had been establishing trading

posts, and exploring in the Mississippi Valley. These wars, about which I have just been telling you, did not stop them from taking

as Biloxi on the Gulf of Mexico, and New Orleans near the mouth of the Mississippi. Thus the French had succeeded in building a line of trading-posts from the Gulf of Mexico to their settlements in Canada. These posts were built along the Mississippi, the Ohio,