2. Q.-How many types of spring rigging are used, and what are they called?

A. Two, the underhung and the overhung. (Art. 1.) 3.

Q.-How is the weight distributed in case the locomotive has a pony truck or trailer wheels?

A. The driving springs are connected through and equalized with those of the pony truck or trailer wheels by means of long equalizers. (Art. 1.)

4. Q-With an engine having a fourwheel truck and no trailers, is the driving spring rigging connected with that of the engine, or pony, truck?

A. No, it is independent of the engine truck spring rigging. (Art. 1.)

5. Q-What effects has the breaking of a driving spring, spring hanger or equalizer?

A. The frame usually drops down on the driving box where the spring or spring hanger is broken, causing the engine to ride hard, the boxes to heat and sometimes the back wheels to cut into the sides of the firebox. (Art. 2.)

6. Q.-What would you do in case of a broken front or back driving spring on an eight-wheel engine having overhung spring rigging?

A.-Would first remove the broken spring, and if it was the front spring that was broken would block between the top of driving box and underside of frame at back wheel, run that wheel up on a wedge or block, then block between the top of front driving box and underside of frame, at the same time prying up the front end of equalizer and blocking it as high as I could get it with iron blocks, such as nuts, etc., after which would run the back wheel off the block or wedge. Should the frame not be raised high enough off the front driving box, or if unable to raise the equalizer, would repeat the operation, being sure to first take up all of the slack between the driving box and frame at the back wheel before again running it up on a wedge. If this did not relieve the front end of equalizer would run the back wheel off the wedge, take the blocking out from between the top of back driving box and frame and run the main wheel up on a wedge, which would free the front end of equalizer so that it could be pried up as desired. In case of a broken back driving spring would reverse the opera

tion by running the first, or main, driving wheel up on a wedge. (Art. 3.)

7. Q.-What would you do in case of a broken spring hanger on an eight-wheel engine having overhung spring rigging?

A. If a small chain was available would wrap it around the end of the driving spring and around one of the spokes in the wheel, and move the engine sufficiently to pull the spring back into position. Would then secure the spring in position by substituting the hanger with another chain, or might use an angle bar or a long bolt for that purpose, which would give me the benefit of both driving springs. In case there was nothing available that could be used in place of the broken hanger, would follow the same course as for a broken spring, except that I would remove both the spring and spring hanger in order to prevent further damage. (Art. 4.)

8. Q.-What would you do in case the main equalizer on an eight-wheel engine having overhung spring rigging should break (a) ahead of the fulcrum ; (b) back of the fulcrum; (c) through the center?

A. (a) If a small chain was available would wrap it around the back end of equalizer and around one of the spokes in back driving wheel, and move the engine forward sufficiently to pull back end of equalizer down and raise the front end up. Would then block under front end of equalizer, after which would slack the engine back and remove the chain. Next, I would fasten the chain to the back end of front driving spring and around one of the spokes in main wheel, move the engine back so as to pull the spring down to its level position and fasten it either with a chain or by means of long bolts. In case no chain or bolts were available, would remove the spring, raise the frame and block over front driving box same as for a broken spring. (b) Would pursue the same method, except it would be reversed. (c) Would pull the ends of the spring down, one at a time, by means of chains wrapped around the springs and a spoke in the driving wheel, and chain them in position. If no chain were available, however, would remove the broken parts together with the springs, raise the frame and insert blocking over both driving boxes and under the frame, same as for a broken spring. (Art. 5.)

9. Q.-With overhung spring rigging, what would you do were the equalizer fulcrum to break on an eight-wheel engine?

A.-Would first block between top of main driving box and underside of frame, then run main wheel up on a wedge and block between the top of back driving box and bottom of frame, after which would run main wheel off the wedge and run the back wheel up, blocking over main driving box and under the frame, repeating the operation until the frame was as high above the driving boxes as I could get it, or until the spring saddles rested on top of the frame. Would then chain the equalizer down, or fasten it down by means of bolts or anything available, run either the front or back wheel up on a wedge so as to permit the blocking to be removed from between the frame and driving box of the other wheel, then run that wheel up so as to remove the blocking from between the frame and the driving box of the wheel first run up, and proceed. Were nothing available with which to fasten down the equalizer, would block between the tops of both driving boxes and underside of frame, leaving the springs and equalizer in position, as being connected there would be no danger of them falling out. (Art. 6.)

10. Q.-If, with an eight-wheel engine having overhung spring rigging, in case of a breakdown one of the springs should cock up in such a manner as to clamp the reach rod so that the reverse lever could not be moved, and you were unable to move the engine so as to permit either wheel to be run up on a wedge so as to free the reach rod, what would you do?

A.-Would remove the pin connecting the front end of the reach rod to the tumbling-shaft arm, and block the links up in such a position as would enable me to move the engine, after which would block the engine according to whether it was a spring, spring hanger or equalizer that was broken, connect up the reach rod again, and proceed. (Art. 6.)

11. Q.-What would you do in case of a broken spring saddle on an eightwheel engine having overhung spring rigging?

A. As a rule the engine can be brought in without the necessity of any blocking, but should the broken saddle cause the engine to lean over enough to

cause the wheel to rub on the firebox would block up the frame over the driving box having the broken saddle, same as for a broken spring. (Art. 7.)

12. Q.-What would you do in case of a broken spring, spring hanger or equalizer on a ten-wheel engine with overhung spring rigging?

A. Would handle in same manner as for an eight-wheel engine, except in case of a broken main spring would run the back wheel up on a wedge in order to raise the frame off the main box, as there would be less weight to lift than if the front wheel were run up. (Art. 8.)

13. Q.-In what way does the Mogul engine differ from the ten-wheel engine?

A.-Instead of a double, or four-wheel, truck, the Mogul engine has a single or two-wheel truck, and the springs between the front pair of drivers and the engine truck are connected by a long equalizer. (Art. 9.)

14. Q.-How, with a Mogul engine, would you treat a failure of the springs, spring hanger or equalizer at the main and back pair of wheels?

A. The same as on an eight-wheel or a ten-wheel engine. (Art. 9.)

15. Q.-Are the front and main springs on Mogul engines equalized together?

A. No, the front springs are independent of the main springs, their front ends being connected by means of a cross equalizer and the cross equalizer in turn connected by means of a hanger to the long equalizer extending to the engine truck. (Art. 9.)

16. Q.-What would result in case the cross equalizer on a Mogul engine should break?

A. The back end of the long equalizer would come down, permitting the front end of the engine to settle down on the engine truck and the pilot would probably not clear the rail, which would necessitate raising the front end of the engine. (Art. 10.)

17. Q.-How would you proceed to raise the front end of a Mogul engine in a case of this kind?

A. Would block between the tops of the main driving boxes and frames, and run the main wheels up on wedges or blocks, which would raise the frames off the front driving boxes and permit blocks to be placed between the tops of front driving boxes and bottom of frames. Would do this with both sides of the

engine. With main wheels still on the wedges or blocks, would jack up the back end of the long equalizer and chain it in position to a tie or short piece of rail laid across the top of frames, then run the main wheels off the blocks and remove the blocking previously placed between the main driving boxes and frames. (Art. 10.)

18. Q.-With a Mogul engine, should both halves of the equalizer (which rests over the back driving box and connects with the spring placed between the main and back wheels and with another spring placed back of the rear wheel) break and permit the frame to come down on back driving box, allowing the engine to lean over to such an extent as to endanger cutting the firebox, what would you do?

A.--Would first run the back wheel up on a block or wedge, then block between the top of the main driving box and the frame; next run the back wheel off the wedge and run the main wheel up on a wedge or block, which would raise the frame clear of the back driving box and relieve the tension on the intermediate spring. With the engine in this position would block between the top of back driving box and the frame, raise up the back end of intermediate spring (which is the spring between the main and back driving boxes), and block it in position, after which would run the main wheel off the wedge, remove the blocking placed between the top of main driving box and frame, and proceed. (Art. 11.) 19. Q.-What would you do in case the main driving spring on a Mogul engine should break?

A.-Would first run the back wheel up on a wedge and insert blocks between the top of main driving box and the frame, after which would run the back wheel off the wedge and run the main wheel up on a block or wedge, which would raise the frame off the back driv ing box and free the intermediate spring. Would then raise the front end of the intermediate spring by means of a bar and block it in position, which would give me the benefit of the back and intermediate driving springs as well as the front driving spring. (Art. 12.)

20. Q.-What would you do if one of the front driving springs on a Mogul engine should break?

A. If the dropping of the cross equalizer on that side caused the lowering of

the front of the engine to such an extent that the pilot would not clear the rail, it would necessitate raising that side of the engine. To do this, would run the main wheel up on a wedge so as to raise the frame off the front driving box and block between the top of front driving box and the frame, at the same time would pry up the end of the cross equalizer resting on the frame as high as I could get it and block it in position, after which would run the main wheel off the wedge or block and proceed. In a case of this kind, should the front end of the engine not be lowered enough to prevent the pilot clearing the rail, it might be possible to run to the terminal without doing any blocking. (Art. 13.) 21. Q.-Where one wheel is run up on a block or wedge in order to raise the frame off another driving box, why should blocks first be inserted between the top of driving box and the bottom of frame at the wheel which is to be run up on the block or wedge?

A. So as to take up any slack there might be and avoid having to run the wheel up on the block more than once. (Art. 13.)

22. Q.-In case of a broken king bolt, or Aleck pin, on a Mogul engine, where the front end of the long equalizer scts in a pocket in the pony truck center post, is it necessary to do any blocking?

A.-Not unless the pilot was permitted to come down so low as not to clear the rail, in which case would raise the frames off the front driving boxes by running the main wheels up on a wedge and blocking the frames in this position. (Art. 14.)

23. Q.-What would you do in a similar case where the front end of the long equalizer hangs below the pony truck center post?

A. In order to raise the front end of equalizer off the pony truck axle and block it up so as to clear, if the engine were a light one would set a jack, or a block, in a slanting position against the bottom of the equalizer and against a tie in the track and move the engine forward, and as the jack or block straightened up it would raise the equalizer off the pony truck axle. Would then block the back end of the equalizer down, either by means of an iron block placed between the top of the equalizer and the bottom of cylinder saddle, behind the

fulcrum, or would place a large block between the equalizer and the bottom of frames, or else place a block between the belly of boiler and the cross equalizer. With a heavy engine would run both pony truck wheels up on blocks or wedges, which would cause the front end of the equalizer resting on the pony truck axle to be raised also. Would then block the back end of the equalizer down, either by means of iron blocks placed between the equalizer and cylinder saddle, or by means of a large block between the equalizer and bottom of frames, or a block between the belly of boiler and the cross equalizer. After blocking the equalizer up to clear, would run the pony truck wheels off the blocks and proceed at a speed not greater than 25 miles per hour. (Art. 14.)

24. Q.-With a Mogul engine, should the hanger supporting the back end of the long equalizer and connecting it to the cross equalizer break, what would you do?

A. As the effect would be the same as though the cross equalizer had broken, would proceed the same as for a broken cross equalizer. If, however, I had a suitable chain would set a jack or block in a slanting position against the back end of the long equalizer and against a tie in the track and move the engine backward, which would cause the jack or block to straighten up and raise the back end of the equalizer, and when raised would chain it to the cross equalizer. Were it impossible to raise the engine in this manner, however, would run the main wheels up on blocks so as to raise the frames off the front driving boxes, and while raised would jack up the rear end of the long equalizer and chain it to the cross equalizer. If a chain was not available, would raise the frames off the front driving boxes and place blocking between the tops of the boxes and bottom of frames, or between the cross equalizer and belly of boiler, at the same time blocking up the back end of the long equalizer by means of a tie or piece of rail laid across the frames back of the cylinders. (Art. 15.)

25. Q.-What would you do if, with a Mogul engine, the long equalizer should break (a) ahead of the fulcrum; (b) back of the fulcrum; (c) right through the center?

A. (a) Would run the main wheels up on blocks or wedges, then pry down

the back end of the long equalizer and either block between it and the bottom of the frames, or between the cross equalizer and belly of boiler, which would give me the benefit of the front driving springs but would leave no weight on the pony truck. (b) Would run the main wheels up on blocks or wedges so as to raise the frames off the front driving boxes; would then block the engine up either by chaining down the cross equalizer to the frames or by blocking between the cross equalizer and belly of boiler, at the same time chaining the back end of the long equalizer up to the frames, providing there is enough of it projecting beyond the cylinder saddle to enable me to do So. If not, would block the front end of the long equalizer down, either by blocking between the cylinder saddle and top of equalizer, or blocking between the equalizer and the bottom of front frames, this in order to throw weight on the pony truck. (c) If broken so that neither end would remain in the fulcrum, would remove the broken parts, run the main wheels up on wedges or blocks and block the front of the engine up, either by blocking between the belly of boiler and cross equalizer or by chaining the cross equalizer to the frames, or would block between the tops of front driving boxes and the bottom of frames, and proceed; there would, however, be no weight on the pony truck. (Art. 16.)

26. Q-How would you handle cases of broken springs, spring hangers or equalizers on a Consolidation or Decapol engine?

A. As the principal difference between one of these engines and a Mogul engine is in the addition of one or more pairs of driving wheels, would handle in practically the same manner as with a Mogul engine. (Art. 17.)

27. Q-With an Atlantic type engine, what would you do in case a front driving spring or spring hanger should break?

A. Would run the back wheel up on a block or wedge so as to raise the frame off the front driving box, and block between the top of front driving box and bottom of frame, at the same time prying up the front end of the short equalizer connecting the main spring with the front spring and blocking between it and the bottom of frame. If unable to pry up the front end of the short equalizer

after blocking over front driving box, would run the back wheel off the block or wedge and run the front wheel up, which would raise the frame off the back driving box and relieve the spring of part of its tension and permit the front end of the short equalizer to be pried up and blocked. Would then run the front wheel off the wedge and proceed. (Art. 19.)

28. Q.-If, with an Atlantic type engine, the equalizer connecting the spring rigging of the two driving wheels on one side should break, what would you do?

A.-Would run either the front or the back driver up on a wedge or block, and pry down the end of the spring connected to the broken equalizer and block between the spring hanger and the bottom of frame at the other wheel; would then run that wheel up and block between frame and spring hanger at the first wheel, or if I had a strong light chain would wrap it around the end of the spring and around one of the spokes in the driving wheel and move the engine until the spring was pulled level, when I would insert blocks between the spring hanger and bottom of frame to hold the spring in position, after which would pull the other spring down in the same man(Art. 20.)

ner.

A. Would run the trailer wheel up on a block or wedge and block between the top of main driving box and the frame; then run the trailer wheel off the block or wedge and run the main wheel up so as to take the weight off the trailer box, after which would block between the top of equalizer and the bottom of frame at both ends, which would give me the benefit of all the springs. Would then run the trailer wheel up on a block or wedge, remove the block previously placed between top of main driving box and the frame, and proceed. (Art. 22.)

31. Q.-If the trailer wheels on an Atlantic type engine have outside journal boxes, with the springs resting on top of the journal boxes, what would you do in case one of these springs should break?

A.-Would remove the broken parts, run the main wheel up on a block or wedge and substitute a short piece of rail or tie for the trailer spring, chaining it to the side of the frame and to the end of the trailer equalizer. If no suitable chain, or a piece of rail or tie, was available, however, would run the trailer wheel up on a block or wedge, instead of the main wheel, pry down the front end of the trailer equalizer and insert a hard wood or iron block between it and the frame. (Art. 23.)

32. Q.-How would you handle failures of springs or spring rigging on Pacific type engine?

a

A. As the principal difference between a Pacific type engine and an Atlantic type engine is in the addition of another pair of driving wheels, would handle in practically the same manner (Art. as on an Atlantic type engine.

24.)

33. Q.-With a ten-wheel engine having underhung springs at the back and main drivers and overhung springs at the front drivers, what would you do in case a main driving spring should break?

A. Would run the back wheel up on a block or wedge, which would tend to raise the frame off the main driving box. Would then insert a block between the top of main driving box and the bottom of frame. Next, would run the back wheel off the block or wedge and the main wheel up, which would tend to raise the frame off of both the back and front driving boxes and free the equalizers