submitted to the people for their approval or disapproval at an election held September 3d last, has been adopted by a large majority, save two or three provisions. The campaign against the adoption of the new constitution was vigorously conducted by big business people, and nearly all the big newspapers of the State. In this particular it is pleasing to note that the newspapers, to a very large extent opposing the constitution, did not have sufficient influence to turn the tide of votes from the people in sufficient numbers to accomplish their object. Woman suffrage was defeated by a heavy vote, and one other provision is still in doubt. Some of the features in the new constitution are the initiative and referendum; providing that three-fourths of a jury may render a verdict in civil cases; empowering the Legislature to establish minimum wage laws and exercise a larger supervision over factories; the eight-hour day on public work; prohibiting the punishment of workers for violating injunctions issued in labor disputes, except after a jury trial, unless the offense has been committed in the actual presence of the court; providing for a State printing plant; abolishing convict labor, etc. This gives Ohio an up-todate constitution, and the State Federation of Labor exercised a powerful influence in securing the adoption of the new organic law.

Anti-Labor Amendments.-At the coming election in Oregon in November next there are to be two measures voted on which have been proposed by the Employers' Association. The first is "A bill for an act prohibiting boycotting or picketing any industry, workshop, store, place of business, or factory, or any lawful business or enterprise, and prohibiting enticing, persuading, or attempting to persuade or induce any person working therein from continuing such employment, and providing a penalty for violations of the act." The minimum fine proposed is $100. The act would make it a crime for two or more people to agree not to patronize a particular business and to persuade others not to. The title of the other bill is "A bill for an act

prohibiting the use of public streets, parks, and public grounds in any city or town of a population of 5,000 or over for holding meetings for public discussion or speech-making purposes without a written permit from the mayor thereof." The trade unionists of the State are aroused over these two propositions, and an effective campaign is being waged in an effort to defeat both.

Back to Militant Unionism.-A publication, at Auckland, New Zealand, is authority for the statement that the labor unions in that country are fast canceling their registrations under the conciliation and arbitration act, in order to be able to stop work at any time should they deem it advantageous to do so. It is also stated that these organizations are joining the recently organized New Zealand Federation of Labor, which advocates the principle of the right to strike. There is at present a miners' strike at Wailii, in the North Island, and, according to the same authority, this dispute, commenced more than three months ago, is being waged principally on the question of the right of the trade unions to withdraw from the conciliation board. Thus "the country without strikes," where compulsory arbitration has been in vogue, is witnessing a contest against a system which has been heralded throughout the world as a "solution of the labor problem."

Canadian Labor Congress.-Representatives of organized labor convened in Guelph, Canada, on September 9 as delegates to the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada, to participate in the twenty-eighth annual convention. The attendance was the largest and most widely representative in the history of the organization's meetings. J. Keir Hardie, the wellknown British labor man and member of Parliament, and John T. Smith, of Kansas City, Mo., fraternal delegate from the American Federation of Labor, were present. The eight-hour bill, immigration laws, compensation acts, alien labor acts, and other legislative measures occupied much of the attention of the convention.

Screens.

We direct special attention to the article entitled "Insects and Disease," from the Scientific American, appearing elsewhere in this issue. A fact that can not be too emphatically impressed upon people generally is that a small fraction of the amount necessary to pay doctor bills, nursing bills, medicine bills, etc., incident to a single case of typhoid fever or some other dread disease caused by flies, mosquitoes or other insects would cover the expense of thoroughly screening the entire house and successfully excluding these dangerous pests, thus obviating the suffering to the patient; the worry, strain and hardships to the entire household, the burden of expense and, when resulting fatally, the intense grief occasioned by such sickness.

It should be borne in mind that typhoid fever is only one of several dangerous diseases communicated by these insects.

wanton courtesan notorious in history, these art dealers have a never-ending supply of "antiques" for the gullible Ameri

cans.

The manufacture of these supposed valuable relics has reached the dignity of a real industry. The aging process is so timed that there is always a big harvest ready for the easy tourist. Modern brass is pounded to represent the old time article, and worm-eaten and decayed furniture is made over into pieces of Flemish design that easily deceives the ordinary collector. It is amusing how readily the American idle rich fall a prey to these European traders in their search for something to gratify their vulgar vanity. It is a case of easy come, easy go. The wealth won by the labor of thousands of toilers is thus squandered on useless trinkets instead of being used to bring comfort and happiness to the homes of the men who created it.

free from every possible breeding place for flies and other disease-bearing insects is one that should be adopted by every family-one that would surely save many households all the suffering, worry, grief, distress and expense incident to serious cases of sickness.

The best interests of health and sanitation also demand, as the article to which we refer clearly shows, that all homes and the premises surrounding them be kept entirely free from rats, mice, etc. Our readers will find the article above referred to not only very interesting but also very instructive.

Sham Antiques for American Rich.

It is laughable to note how easily the idle and pampered rich of America are fooled when they invade foreign shores. Leading their vain, shallow lives and squandering hundreds of thousands of dollars which they had no hand in producing, they fall easy victims to the thrifty European tradesman, and especially the dealer in antiques. Catering to the fondness which our frivolous rich manifest for the sword of some degenerate count

In his weekly letter to a recent issue of the Indianapolis Sunday Star an Irish correspondent tells the following amusing incident:

"Workhouse authorities in Ireland," he says, "make it a rule to as far as possible assign tramps that come under their charge to tasks that are most distasteful to them with a view to forcing them to lead industrious lives on the outside. Two very superstitious hoboes," says the correspondent, "were thus chosen to help in the workhouse morgue and detailed to prepare for burial a pauper who had died earlier in the day.

"Bearing a workhouse shell [coffin] between them they approached the morgue, which stands in a lonely corner of the grounds. As they neared the death house, awesome sounds were heard emanating from its closed door.

"Whisht, Dinny,' conjured one; 'tis the wee folk' (i. e., the leprechauns, or Irish goblins).

"Divil the bit. Micky. Sure an' it's singing, it is! It's the corpse wakin' of itself.'

"Cautiously, and both all tremors and trembles, they opened the door and looked in.

Man in the Stone Age was obliged to carry on an unceasing battle for existence with ferocious mammals and venomous serpents. Happily those days have passed, but today the struggle to live is no less acute, but it has resolved itself into a combat with the lower forms of vegetable and animal life. Insects as the intermediary vehicles in the transmission of disease are a menace to the present and future welfare of the race, and if we would preserve our physical integrity we must live in insect-free surroundings. The field of research into this problem is a wide one, and as yet has only been touched in its most apparent phases. The future must see a combined effort on the part of the entomologist, the physician and the sanitarian if we would conquer these dangerous and annoying pests. The burden can not be borne entirely, however, by men of science; the citizen and man of affairs must do his part in the application of the discoveries which mean so much to the individual and the race.Editor [Scientific American].

The idea of the transmission of diseaseproducing organisms to man by insects is no new thing. For example, the Bible (Exodus 8 and 9) tells how the unusual prevalence of flies and lice was followed

by a murrain of cattle and an epidemic of boils. It is only within recent years, however, that scientific workers have been able by the use of the microscope and other instruments of precision to trace the course of the seeds of disease through the body of the insect and into the body of man.

In order intelligently to approach the consideration of this latter day scientific development, it is necessary to understand the way in which the insect acquires the organisms which produce disease, the changes which these organisms undergo within the body of the insect, the way in which they are introduced into the human body, and the developmental changes which take place in them in the course of their attack upon the human victim.

Broadly speaking, there are two general methods by which this process is accomplished. These are the mechanical and biological methods. In the mechanical transmission of disease germs by insects, we find the insect in question coming accidentally in contact with diseaseproducing organisms and carrying them into the body of man either directly by biting, or indirectly as by infecting food. It is not necessary for the life of the germ in question that it be carried by