and flushing of the face. It is frequently stated that the child "coughs until it is black in the face," and this is not an inaccurate description. As soon as the cough has ceased, the little sufferer endeavors to fill up its lungs again, but there is a nervous spasm of the muscles of the throat which narrows the opening through which the air must pass. The violent attempt to inspire the air through this small space produces the familiar "whoop" from which the disease receives its name. In mild attacks the child may cough only once or twice a day, but in other cases the seizures may occur every few minutes. If the child is kept quiet, the paroxysms occur less frequently. They may be brought about by the inhalation of dust or by excitement. Laughing, crying, eating or drinking may also provoke them. Not infrequently the violence of the cough may cause vomiting or the involuntary passage of urine or feces.

In very severe cases there may be a bleeding from the nose or into the whites of the eyes, and blood may come from the ears or the mouth. It used to be thought that the disease was caused by a little ulcer beneath the tongue, but it is now the belief that the ulcer is caused by the rubbing of the tongue over the lower teeth during coughing. In the early stages there is fever and the child is very restless. There is apt to be loss of appetite and because of the vomiting which takes place the children lose weight and become weak. In the early stages the eyelids are reddened and swollen, and the face may look puffed, particularly during the cough.

No child should be allowed to go through an attack of whooping cough without intelligent care and attention. This is indeed a very serious disease and it is unfortunate that custom has led many mothers who do not realize the dangers in the way of complications and after effects, to nurse the child through the attack without skilled assistance. Under proper treatment the suffering of the child can be very much reduced, the course of the disease may be shortened, and the dangers from complications greatly lessened. It is not only important for the child sufferer to be under treatment; his parents should also be instructed as to the methods of preventing the spread of the disease.

In the absence of complications children having whooping cough should be

kept in the open air for twenty-four hours out of the twenty-four. They should be well clad, the clothing being heavy enough to prevent chilling and light enough to prevent the child from becoming overheated or tired by the weight of the clothing. As long as the child has fever or is weak it should be kept in bed. The bed should be placed on a porch or in a tent on the roof or in the yard. The sides of the tent should not be put down except for the purpose of keeping out rain. The bedclothes should be so arranged that the covers can not be kicked off. The child should wear woolen pajamas. Inasmuch as dust provokes the paroxysms of coughing it may be necessary to sprinkle the roof or yard in which the child is kept. The diet should be such as can be easily and quickly digested. Soups, pasteurized milk, eggs, and the like should be given frequently. The matter of the treatment of the disease is one to be left to the physician attending the individual case.

As has been shown before, the cause of whooping cough is found in the sputum of persons having the disease. During the paroxysms of coughing this infected sputum is thrown a considerable distance. The first thing to do in the prevention of the spread of this disease is to prevent the sputum from the sick being taken into the system of the well. The sufferer should be provided with a quantity of soft paper napkins. As soon as these are soiled they should be burned. Everything which has come in contact with the patient should be sterilized before it is allowed to come in contact with other people or things which may be handled or used by other people. Bedclothing, napkins, table linen, towels and the like may be sterilized by boiling.

Children having whooping cough should not ride in street cars or other public conveyances, nor should they attend schools, Sunday schools or other places of public congregation. Well children should be taught that they must not come in close contact with children who "whoop," and as a method of protection against not only whooping cough but many other diseases, they should be thoroughly instructed as to the dangers of trading gum, exchanging pencils and the other means by which sputum may be transferred from one person to another. The habit of spitting on the hands in playing baseball and of promis

cous kissing should also be discouraged. If it is necessary that children having whooping cough should go upon the street they should be plainly tagged, so that other children may be warned. The Virginia Health Bulletin suggests the wearing of a broad band of green ribbon on the arm for this purpose, and it is believed that this method would prove efficacious.

Houses in which cases of whooping cough exist should be marked with an appropriate placard.

Any disease which kills 10,000 children per annum is a serious one. If bubonic plague were to kill that many children in the United States in one year, the whole world would quarantine against our country. A .child dead of whooping cough is just as dead as a child dead of plague. A child whose body is weakened by disease is a potential economic loss to the nation. Whooping cough is a danger to be avoided and combated in the interest of humanity and the citizens of

tomorrow.

U. S. Leads in Coal Production.

Coal exports from the United States in 1911 were 17,432,753 long tons, valued at $52,593,274, compared with 13,805,866 long tons, valued at $41,470,792 in 1910. About one-fourth of the total consisted of anthracite coal. Exports of bituminous coal showed an increase of about 30 per cent. Imports of anthracite coal were an almost negligible quantity, and there was a big decrease in the amount of bituminous coal imported.

The United States has held first place among the coal producing countries of the world since 1899, when it supplanted Great Britain. In 1911 the total world's production of coal amounted to approximately 1,302,500,000 short tons, of which this country contributed 496,221,168 tons, or 38.1 per cent., according to the report of the Geological Survey. In the last twelve years the production in this country has increased over 250 per cent. The United States, Great Britain and Germany produce over 80 per cent. of the world's total supply of coal, and the

combined production of the two latter countries in 1911 was only 13.2 per cent. above that of the United States.

Enforce New Postal Law.

The Postmaster-General has issued the necessary orders and instructions for putting into effect the newspaper and periodical publicity law. Appropriate return blanks have been mailed to all publishers. The law requires that publishers shall file on the first days of October and April of each year, both with the Postmaster-General and with the local postmasters, under penalty of the denial of the use of the mails, sworn returns of the names and addresses of the owner, publisher, editor, managing editor and business manager of all newspapers and periodicals, with the exception of religious, fraternal, temperance and scientific publications, and also, when a corporation, the names of the holders of the stocks, bonds or other securities, and in the case of daily newspapers, a statement of the average paid circulation for the preceding six months. All editorial or other reading matter appearing in a newspaper or magazine for the publication of which pay is accepted or promised must be marked "Advertisement," under a fine of not less than $50 nor more than $500. According to the terms of the law trade union publications are not in the excepted class, and will be compelled to make report the same as other newspapers and periodicals.

"Ocean Automobile.”

A ship doing duty upon the high seas and deriving its motive power exclusively from oil is on exhibition at the HamburgAmerican Line pier, New York. She is called the "ocean automobile." The ship's name is Christian X. The vessel is propelled by compressed air and crude oil highly expanded. The ship is 370 feet in length and 53 feet beam, and can carry 7,400 tons, and has a capacity of 1,000 tons of oil, and can thus travel for 109 days without touching anywhere to replenish.

Ere our next issue reaches our readers another Christmas will have passed and another New Year will have dawned. Everywhere Christendom is already preparing for the celebration of that one great anniversary, the observance of which is restricted by no geographical lines nor confined to Christian people of any particular race or tongue. Already the hearts of the little ones are beginning to throb in happy anticipation of old Santa's next visit. Christmas with its joys for young and old will soon be with us again and, everywhere kindly human sympathy will reign supreme, animosities be forgotten, many estrangements terminated in restored friendships and existing friendships strengthened. For such is the Christian spirit-such is the influence of those sentiments with which the humble Nazarene would have the hearts and the entire lives of mankind dominated.

"Unto you is born a Savior who is Christ the Lord. Glory to God in the

highest and on earth peace to men of good will." Thus did the angels announce to the shepherds the birth of the world's Redeemer and since then Christ IIimself has been speaking to us all through the inspiration of His grace and teachings not only at Christmas time but throughout the whole year that we may be righteous here and gain everlasting life beyond the grave.

How different would the world be if the Christmas spirit prevailed universally and continuously-if the sentiments of kindness and charity by which people are moved at the Christmas season would actuate them throughout all their lives. As a general proposition, however, the world is getting better. There is a gradual, steady, upward movement and despite the increase of armaments, it can be safely said that the sentiment against war is becoming more wide-spread and more powerful and that through the operation of enlightening influences we are making more substantial, more or

ganized progress than ever towards the reign of "Peace on Earth."

The fierce struggle for supremacy between Christian and Turk being waged at present in the Balkan Peninsula of Euope may tend to discourage the hope that practical progress has been made toward the discontinuance of armed conflict as a means of settling differences between nations. To students of the situation, however, it is clear that the Balkan war is an essential contributing factor to the peace of that continent, for the low standard of civilization and barbarous instincts that characterize the Turks, their blind and evidently incurable fanatical hatred of those who do not conform to their own religious beliefs and the barbarous persecutions, the horrible butcheries to which they have for hundreds of years subjected the people of the neighboring Christian States and Christians under Turkish rule have constituted a constant menace to the peace of the continent. The fact that the present war has not already precipitated a general armed conflict in Europe and that it is not likely to, is in itself a clear demonstration that the cause of peace has been materially advanced, for it can be truthfully said that twenty-five years ago similar conditions would without question have involved some if not all the principal nations of that continent in martial strife.

With the power of the Turkish Empire eliminated from Europe, with the growth of the influence of the enlightened and progressive nations of America operating for peace and tranquillity on this continent, and with the present day opportunities afforded the common people of nearly all countries for education and general mental improvement, the sentiment for the abolition of war as a means of settling differences between nations will make still more rapid strides as the years roll by. Then the spirit of true fraternalism which our own Brotherhood and similar organizations are so successfully propagating and through which they are accomplishing such splendid results in eradicating from the lives of men those foolish prejudices which in the past have been responsible for groundless and senseless antagonisms amongst them is another truly great contributing factor to the reign of peace on earth and good will amongst men.

Under the guidance of an all wise Providence the Christmas of 1912 finds

our Brotherhood a more powerful agency for good than it has ever been and with prospects that were never brighter for its continued and increasing success in the dissemination and propagation of those virtues for the establishment of which in the hearts of men the humble Nazarene became man and died upon a

cross.

Never has our noble order been more potent in the defense of that great principle, that the laborer is worthy of his hire and that in exchange for their toil wage earners are entitled to a compensation that will not only keep them and their loved ones far beyond the grip of poverty but will as well place within their reach ample means for their mental and moral development-for the cultivation of all the higher talents with which God may have endowed them.

Upon the splendid growth of our Brotherhood and its great record of practical good accomplished, the Magazine extends its warmest congratulations to our entire membership with the heartfelt wish that they and their loved ones and our readers in general may realize all of the joy that is summed up in that ancient greeting, "A Merry Christmas and Happy New Year."

Help the Consumptive Brother.

Who, seeing the pitiable plight of a poor consumptive brother would not be willing to give fifteen cents per month to aid in restoring him to health and in saving him to his family? If all our members only realized the helpless condition of men who are stricken with consumption, how cheerfully they would contribute this or a much larger amount. But fifteen cents per month is more than would be needed for this purpose. This work could, we are convinced, be carried on at a much less rate per month per member.

A member stricken with consumption continues to work as long as he can after the dread malady has taken hold on him. Then in a great many cases when he becomes unable to work any longer, debts begin to pile up on him and he and his loved ones are likely to feel the pinch of want or become objects of charity, and under our laws he is not entitled to receive his final beneficiary claim until he is in the last stages of the disease and beyond all help.

Unable to work and without funds it is impossible for a man to take the treatment necessary to become cured of consumption. There is no nobler work in which our Brotherhood could engage than to make provision for the proper care of our members who become victims of the white plague, providing for treatment for them in the earlier stages of the disease when the cure can be more easily and permanently effected.

It is to be hoped that our noble order will thus join forces with the other organizations and associations that doing such a great work in combating this dread disease.

Statement Required by Law.

are

STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, ETC., of Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen's Magazine, published monthly at Indianapolis, Indiana, required by the Act of August 24, 1912.

NOTE.-This statement is to be made in duplicate, both copies to be delivered by the publisher to the postmaster, who will send one copy to the Third Assistant Postmaster General (Division of Classification), Washington, D. C., and retain the other in the files of the post office. Name of. Post Office Address. Editor, John F. McNamee

Indianapolis, Ind. Managing Editor, John F. McNamee, Indianapolis, Ind. Business Manager, John F. McNamee, Indianapolis, Ind. Publisher, Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen.

Indianapolis, Ind., and
Peoria, Ill.

Owners: (If a corporation, give names and addresses of stockholders holding 1 per cent. or more of total amount of stock).

Not a corporation in the sense here expressed; is a labor organization.

Known bondholders, mortgagees, and other security holders holding 1 per cent. or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities:

The Pittsburg Fifth Sunday Joint Union Meeting.

The Arrangements Committee representing the various lodges and divisions of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen, the Order of Railway Conductors and the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen of the Pittsburg district have completed arrangements for the Fifth Sunday Joint Union Meeting to be held in Pittsburgh, Pa., on the 29th and 30th of this month (December) in Union Labor Temple, corner Washington and Webster avenues.

The union meeting will consist of three sessions. The first to be held on the morning of December 29th at 10.30 a. m.; the second on December 29th at 7.30 p. m., and the third on December 30th at 10.00 a. m.

On Monday evening (December 30th) there will be a ball and euchre party in the same building (Union Labor Temple) and the Arrangements Committee assures a most pleasant time to all who can participate in these events.

One of the chief purposes of the Pittsburg Fifth Sunday Joint Union Meeting is to bring about closer relations between the various organizations representing the men employed in railroad train service, and it is to be hoped that every member of these organizations who can possibly do so will be present at as many of the sessions as he can arrange to attend -if possible at all of them.

An invitation to take part in the meeting has been extended to the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, and the principal reason for holding a session on Monday morning is to afford an opportunity for members of that Brotherhood to attend, because of the fact that a union meeting is to be held by the B. of L. E. at Pitcairn, Pa., also on Sunday, December 29th.

Sparks.

If you wish a piping diagram of the No. 6 ET Locomotive Brake Equipment or the LT Automatic Control Equipment, together with printed descriptive matter regarding those devices you can secure same for 15 cents each or both of them for 25 cents. Send your remittance to John F. McNamee, Editor and Manager, Traction Terminal Building, Indianapolis, Ind.