TEMPERATURE OF BATHS, —- From 50 to 75% of Fahrenheit is called a cold bath; from 75" to 15" a temperate bath; from M5" to 95" a tepid bath ; from 954 to 9" (which is the heat of the surface of the body) is called a warm bath; from 98 to 105" is a hot bath. CLEANLINESS. The want of cleanliness is a fault which admits of no excuse, Where water can be had | for nothing, it is surely in the power of every person to be clean. THE DISCHARGE from our Bobths by perspiration renders frequent changes of apparel necessary. CHANGE OF APPAREL greatly motes the secretion from the skin, so necessary to health. | ought at least to be avoided as infertious. All who regard their health should keep at a distance, even fromm their habitations, In places where great numbers of people are collected, cleanliness becomes of the utmost importance, IT IS WELL KNOWN that infectious diseases are caused by tainted air Everything, therefore, which tends to pollute the air, or spread the infection, Gught, with the utmost care, to be avoided. FOR THIS REASON, in great townd, no filth of any kind should be perpro-mitted to lie upon the streets. We are sorry to say that the importance of general cleanliness in this respect does by no means seem to be sufficiently understood. WHEN THAT MATTER which ought to be carried off by perspiration is either retained in the body or reabsorbed in dirty clothes, it is apt to occasion fevers and other diseases, Most Diseases OF THE SKIN proceed from want of cleanliness. These indeed may be caught by infection, but they will seldom continue long where cleanliness prevails. INFLUENCE OF CLEANLINESS, - We have more than once expressed our conviction that the humanizing influence of habits of cleanliness, and of those decent observations which imply self-respect the best, indeed the only foundation of respect fur others - has never been sufficiently acted on. A clean, fresh, and wellordered house exercises over its inmates a moral no less than a physical influence, and has a direct tendency to make the members of a family sober, PERHAPS the intention of nature, peaceable, and considerate of the feelin permitting such vermin to annoyings and happiness of each other; nor mankind, is to induce them to the prac: tice of this virtue. TO THE FAME Čause must we impute the various kinds of vermin that infest the human body, houses, ele. These may generally be banished by cleanliness alone, ONE COMMON CAUSE of putrid and malignant fevers is the want of cleanlingas. is it difficult to trace a connection between habitual feelings of this sort and the formation of habits of respect for property, for the laws in general, and even for those higher duties and obligations the observance of which no laws can enfince, EXERCISE. Exercise in the open air is of the utmost importance to the human frame, yet how many are in a manner deprived of it by their own want of management of their time. Females with slender means are, fur the most part, destined to indoor occu These Fevers commonly begin among the inhabitants of close, dirty houses, who breathe bad air, take little exercise, eat unwholesome food, and wear dirty clothes. There the infection is generally hatched, which spreads far and wide, to the destruction of many, Hence cleanliness may be considered as an object of public attention. It is not sufficient that I be clean myself,pations, and have but little time allotted while the want of it in my neighbor affects my health as well as his own. IF Dirty ProPLE CANNOT BE BBMOVED as a common nuisance, they them for taking the air, and that little time is generally sadly encroached upon by the ceremony of dressing to go out. It may appear a simple sug: gestion, but experience only will show species, and utility of it in certain THREE PRINCIPAL POINTS in the manner of taking exercise are necessary to be attended to: — 1. The kind of exercise. 2. The proper time for exercise. 3. The duration of it. With respect to the kinds of exercise, the various species of it may be divided into active and passive. Among the first, which admit of being consider ably diversified, may be enumerated walking, running, leaping, swimming, nding, fencing, the military exercise, different sorts of athletic games, etc. Among the latter, or passive kinds of exercise, may be comprised riding in a carriage, sailing, friction, swinging, exc. ACTIVE EXERCISES are more beneficial to youth, to the middle-aged, to the robust in general, and particularly to the corpulent and the plethoric. PASSIVE KINDS of exercise, on the contrary, are better calculated for children; old, dry, and emaciated persons of a delicate and debilitated constitution; and particularly for the asthmatic and consumptive. THE TIME at which exercise is most proper, depends on such a variety of concurrent circumstances, that it does not admit of being regulated by any general rules, and must therefore be collected from the observations made on the effects of air, food, drink, etc. WITH RESPECT TO THE DURATION OF EXERCISE, there are other particulars, relative to a greater or less degree of fatigue attending the different THAT EXERCISE IS TO BE PREFERRED which, with a view to brace and strengthen the body, we are most accustomed to. Any unusual one may be attended with a contrary effect. EXERCISE SHOULD BE BEGUN and finished gradually, never abruptly. EXERCISE IN THE OPEN AIR has many advantages over that used within doors. TO CONTINUE EXERCISE until a profuse perspiration or a great degree of weariness takes place, is far from being wholesome. IN THE FORENOON, when the stomach is not too much distended, muscular motion is both agreeable and healthful; it strengthens digestion, and heats the body less than with a full stomach; and a good appetite after it is a proof that it has not been carried to excess. BUT at the same time it should be understood, that it is not advisable to take violent exercise immediately before a meal, as digestion might thereby be retarded. NEITHER should we sit down to a substantial dinner or supper immediately on returning from a fatiguing walk, at a time when the blood is heated, and the body in a state of perspiration from previous exertion, as the worst consequences may arise, especially where cooling dishes, salad, or a glass of cold drink is begun with. EXERCISE IS ALWAYS HURTFUL AFTER MEALS, from its impeding digestion, by propelling those fluids too much towards the surface of the body which are designed for the solution of the food in the stomach. WALKING. — To walk gracefully, the body must be erect, but not stiff, and the head held up in such a posture that the eyes are directed forward. The tendency of untaught walkers is to look toward the ground near the feet; and some persons appear always as if admiring their shoe-ties. The eyes should not thus be cast downward, neither should the chest bend forward to throw out the back, making what are termed round shoulders; on the contrary, the whole person must hold itself up, as if not afraid to look the world in the face, and the chest by all means be allowed to expand. At the same time, everything like strutting or pomposity must be carefully avoided. An easy, firm, and erect posture is alone desirable. In walk ing, it is necessary to bear in mind that the locomotion is to be performed entirely by the legs. Awkward persons rock from side to side, helping forward each leg alternately by advancing the haunches. This is not only ungraceful, but fatiguing. Let the legs alone advance, bearing up the body. Utility of Singing.- It is asserted, and we believe with some truth, that singing is a corrective of the too common tendency to pulmonic complaints. Dr. Rush, an eminent physician, observes on this subject: "The Germans are seldom afflicted with consumption; and this, I believe, is in part occasioned by the strength which their lungs acquire by exercising them in vocal music-for this constitutes an essential branch of their education. The music-master of an academy has furnished me with a remark still more in favor of this opinion. He informed me that he had known several instances of persons who were strongly disposed to consumption, who were restored to health by the exercise of their lungs in singing." The Weather and the Blood. - In dry, sultry weather, the heat ought to be counteracted by means of a cooling diet. To this purpose, cucumbers, melons, and juicy fruits are subservient. We ought to give the preference to such alimentary substances as lead to contract the juices which are too much expanded by the heat, and this property is possessed by all acid food and drink. To this class belong all sorts of salad, lemons, oranges, pomegranates, sliced and sprinkled with sugar, for the acid of this fruit is not so apt to derange the stomach as that of lemons; also cherries and strawberries, curds turned with lemon acid or cream of tartar; cream of tartar dissolved in water; lemonade, and Rhenish or Moselle wine mixed with water. How to Get Sleep. How to get sleep is to many persons a matter of high importance. Nervous personis, who are troubled with wakefulness and excitability, usually have a strong tendency of blood on the brain, with cold extremities. The pressure of the blood on the brain keeps it in a stimulated or wakeful state, and the pulsations in the head are often painful. Let such rise and chafe the body and extremities with a brush or towel, or rub smartly with the hands, to promote circulation, and withdraw the excessive amount of blood from the brain, and they will fall asleep in a few moments. A cold bath, or a sponge bath and rubbing, or a good run, or a rapid walk in the open air, or going up and down stairs a few times just before retiring, will aid in equalizing circulation and promoting sleep. These rules are simple, and easy of application in castle or cabin, and may minister to the comfort of thousands who would freely expend money for an anodyne to promote "Nature's sweet restorer, balmy sleep 1" Early Rising.Dr. Wilson Philip, in his "Treatise on Indigestion," says: Although it is of consequence to the debilitated to go early to bed, there are few things more hurtful to them than remaining in it too long. Getting up an hour or two earlier often gives a degree of vigor which nothing else can procure. For those who are not much debilitated, and sleep well, the best rule is to get out of bed soon after waking in the morning. This at first may appear too early, for the debilitated require more sleep than the healthy; but rising early will gradually prolong the sleep on the succeeding night, till the quantity the patient enjoys is equal to his demand for it. Lying late is not only hurtful, by the relaxation it occasions, but also by occupying that part of the day at which exercise is most beneficial." years, without interruption, and with little apparent inconvenience. THE ASSERTION HAS BEEN MADE by those who have attained a great ago (Parr, and Henry Jenkins, for instance), that they adopted no particu APPETITE. Appetite in is fres quently lost through excessive use of stimulants, food taken too hot, seden-lar arts for the preservation of their tary occupation, costiveness, liver dis order, and want of change of air. The first endeavor should be to ascertain and remove the cause. Change of diet and change of air will frequently be found more beneficial than miedi eines, TEMPERANCE. "I" observes a writer, "men lived uniformly in a healthy climate, were possessed of strong and vigorous frames, were doscended from healthy parents, were educated in a hardy and active manner, were possessed of excellent natural dispositions, were placed in comfort= able situations in life, were engaged only in healthy occupations, were happily connected in marriage, and kept their passions in due subjection, there would be little occasion for medical rules." All this is very excellent and desirable; but, unfortunately for mankind, unattainable. MAN MUST BE SOMETHING MORE THAN MAN to be able to connect the different links of this harmonious chain to consolidate this summum bonum of earthly felicity into one uninter rupted whole; for, independent of all regularity or irregularity of diet, pas sions, and other sublunary circumstances, contingencies, and connections, relative or absolute, thousands are visited by diseases and precipitated into the grave, independent of accident, to whom no particular vice could attach, and with whom the appetite never overstepped the boundaries of temperance. Do we not hear almost daily of instances of men living near to and even upwards of a century? We cannot account for this either; because of such men we know but few who have lived otherwise than the world around them; and we have known many who have lived in habitual intemperance for forty or fifty health; consequently, it might be inferred that the duration of life has no dependence on manners or customs, or the qualities of particular food. This, however, is an error of no common magnitude, PEASANTS, LABORERS, AND OTHER HARD-WORKING PEOPLE, more espe cially those whose occupations require them to be much in the open air, may be considered as following a regular system of moderation; and hence the higher degree of health which prevails among them and their families. They also observe rules; and those which it is said were recommended by old Parr are remarkable for good sense; namely, Keep your head cool by temperance, your feet warm by exercise; rise early, and go soon to bed; and if you are inclined to get fat, keep your eyes open and your mouth shut," in other words, sleep moderately, and be ab stemious in diet; -- excellent admonitions, more especially to those inclined to corpulency, THE ADVANTAGES TO BE DERIVED FROM A REGULAR MODE OF LIVING, with a view to the preservation of health and life, are nowhere better exemplified than in the precepts and practice of Plutarch, whose rules for this purpose are excellent; and by observing them himself, he maintained his bodily strength and mental faculties unimpaired to a very advanced age. Galen is a still stronger proof of the advantages of a regular plan, by means of which he reached the great age of one hundred and forty years, without having ever experienced discase. His advice to the readers of his "Treatise on Health" is as follows:-"I beseech all persons who shall read this work not to degrade themselves to a level with the brutes, or the rabble, by gratifying their sloth, or by eating and drinking promiscuously whatever pleases their palates, or by indulging their appetites of every kind. But whether they understand physic or not, let them consult their reason, and observe what agrees, and what does not agree with them, that, like wise men, they may adhere to the use of such things as conduce to their health, and forbear everything which, by their own experience, they find to do them hurt and let them be assured that, by a diligent observation and practice of this rule, they may enjoy a good share of health, and seldom stand in need of physic or physicians." by lodging together night after night under the same bedclothes, than by any other disturbing cause. There is nothing that will so derange the nervous system of a person who is eliminative in nervous force. The absorber will go to sleep and rest all night, while the eliminator will be tumbling and tossing, restless and nervous, and wake in the morning, fretful, peevish, faultfinding, and discouraged. No two persons, no matter who they are, should habitually sleep together. One will thrive and the other will lose. This is the law, and in married life it is defied almost universally, Disinfecting Liquid. — In a wine bottle of cold water, dissolve two ounces acetate of lead (sugar of lead), and then add two (fluid) ounces of strong nitric acid (aquafortis), Shake the mixture, and it will be ready for use. A very small quantity of the liquid, in its strongest form, should be used for cleansing all kinds of chamber utensils. For removing offensive odors, clean cloths thoroughly moistened with the liquid, diluted with eight or ten parts of water, should be suspended at various parts of the room, In this case the offensive and deleterious gases are neutralized by chemical action. Fumigation in the usual way is only the substitution of one odor for another. In using the above, or any other disinfectant, let it never be forgotten that fresh air, and plenty of it, is cheaper and more effective than any other material, Health in Youth. Late hours, irregular habits, and want of attention to diet, are common errors with most young men, and these gradually, but at first imperceptibly, undermine the health, and lay the foundation for various forms of disease in after life. It is a very difficult thing to make young persons comprehend this. They frequently sit up as late as twelve, one, or two o'clock, without experiencing any ill effects; they go without a meal to-day, and to-morrow eat to repletion, with only temporary inconvenience, One night they will sleep three or four hours, and the next nine or ten; or one night, in their eagerness to get away into some agreeable company, they will take no food at all, and the next, perhaps, will eat a hearty supper, and go to bed upon it. These, with various other irregularities, are common to the majority of young men, and are, as just stated, the cause of much bad health in mature life. Indeed, nearly all the shattered constitutions with which too many are cursed, are the result of a disregard to the plainest precepts of health in early life, Sleeping Together. The laws of life, says; More quarrels arise between brothers, between sisters, between hired girls, between school girls, Coffee a Disinfectant, Numerous between clerks in stores, between ap- experiments with roasted coffee prove prentices in mechanic shops, between that it is the most powerful means, not hired men, between husbands and only of rendering animal and vege wives, owing to electrical changes table effluvia innocuous, but of actu through which their nervous systems goally destroying them, A room in Disinfecting Fumigation. -Common salt, three ounces; black manganese, oil of vitriol, of each one ounce; water, two ounces; carried in a cup through the apartments of the sick; or the apartments intended to be fumigated, where sickness has been, may be shut up for an hour or two, and then opened, |