He who gives a mortgage, is the mortgager; he who receives it is the mortgagee.

A Conveyance is an absolute deed of transfer of land.

A Trust Deed, is a conveyance for a special purpose, generally for the interest of a third party.

A Quit Claim, is a conveyance of the interest the party had at the time it was made.

Contracts for Labor for less than a year, need not be in writing. If for more than a year, they should be, and although it is implied that payment will be made, it is best to state the amount, and how and when it shall be paid, or the amount may be withheld until the completion of term of services. In the absence of an agreement, the reasonable value of the services rendered may be recovered, but it must be shown that he was requested to perform the services.

APPRENTICE is one, either male or female, who is bound by agreement in writing, to serve or work for a certain specified time, in the interest of the person to whom he is bound. The employer engages to teach the apprentice, either by himself or his workmen, his trade, calling, or profession.

The agreement made is called an indenture, and should state all the particulars, such as the nature of the business, the duration of the apprenticeship; and if wages are paid, state them, etc. If the master to whom an apprentice is bound for a particular trade changes that trade for another, the indenture binding the apprentice becomes null and void.

APPRENTICE'S INDENTURE. -This Indenture witnesseth that J. M., now of the age of sixteen years, son of C. M., of the town of — , in the County

said A. B. as an apprentice for the full term of four years from the date of this indenture. During which said term of four years, the said J. M. shall, and will well and faithfully serve, and demean himself, and be just and true to the said A. B., and everywhere willingly obey all his lawful commands: that he shall do no hurt or damage to his said master, in his goods, estate, or otherwise: that he shall not traffic, or buy and sell with his own goods, or the goods of others, during the said term, without his master's leave: that he shall not, at any time, by day or night, depart, or absent himself from the service of his said master, without his leave; but in all things, as a good and faithful apprentice, shall, and will, demean and behave himself, to his said master, during the said term.

And the said A. B. doth covenant, and agree, to teach and instruct the said apprentice, in the said trade of a carpenter, after the best way and manner that he can, and to find, and allow, unto his said apprentice, meat, drink, washing, lodging, and apparel, including linen, and all other necessaries, in sickness and in health, meet and convenient for such an apprentice, during the term aforesaid; and at the expiration of the said term, shall, and will, give to his said apprentice an entire new suit of clothes, of a cash value of Thirty-fire dollars, and a new set of carpenter's tools, of a cash value of Forty dollars; and for the true performance of all, and singular, the covenants and agreements aforesaid, the parties hereto bind themselves, each unto the other, finally by these presents.

Witness our hands and seals, this day of in the year one thousand eight hundred and Signed, sealed, and delivered in presence of

A. B. [SEAL.] J. M. SEAL. C. M. [SEAL.]

Nore. If it is not intended to boast and clothe the apprentice, then must the part in itaties, und insert the following the sum of six dollars per week for the frst year, eight duthurs per week for the wound your, Ton datiura por work for the third year, and imstva dollars per week for the fourth year, in each case to be paid weekly.

PARTNERSHIP is an association of two or more persons, to carry on a business, and to share the profits and losses. The contract may be oral, or in writing. It is always best to have it in writing, and state what the busi ness is, what each person is to do, how the profits are to be paid, etc.

Partnerships may be general or spe

cial.

General partnership may be carried on under the name of one or more of the partners; and although an old established business may be carried on under the name of the former partners, a new business cannot be started in the name of a person not interested in the firm.

If no provision is made in the agreement, one partner cannot place another person as a partner in the firm without the consent of the other. If he should sell out his interest, the buyer would only be entitled to the amount which it would realize after the debts were paid.

A partner has no right to use the name of the firm in his individual business,

Special partners are those who fur nish money for capital, and are not liable beyond the amount they agree to invest in the business. To forin a special partnership, a certificate must be signed and acknowledged before a Notary Public (or other proper officer), giving the name of the firm, the na Ture of the business, the names and residences of all the partners, the amount of money contributed by the special partners, and the date at which the partnership is to begin and terminate,

A WILL is an instrument in writ ing, by which a person makes disposi tion of his property. The person making it should state fully and plainly his intention, describe prop erty by its exact location, and persons by their proper names in full,

The person making a will is called the testator, who must write his own name in full at the end of the will, and must be attested by two witnesses, who should write their residences after their names,

If the testator is unable, from any cause, to sign his name, he niny request some one to write it for him. The person so signing the testator's name must also write his own name, in the presence of two other witnesses,

A Copiert, is an addition to a will, either altering it or explaining, and must be signed in the same manner as a will.

NO WILL IS VALID UNLESS IT IN IN WRITING, signed at the foot or end thereof by the testator, or by some other person in his presence, and by his direction. And such signature must be made or acknowledged by the testator, in the presence of two or more witnesses, all of whom must be pres ent at the same time; and such wit nesses must attest and subscribe the will in the presence and with the knowledge of the testator.

A WILL OR CODICIL ONCE MADE cannot be altered or revoked, unless through a similar formal process to that under which it was made, or by some other writing declaring an intention to revoke the same, and exe cuted in the manner in which an original will is required to be executed, or by the burning, tearing, or otherwise destroying the same by the testator, or by some person in his presence and by his direction, with the intention of revoking the same.

NO WILL OR CODICIL, or any part of either, that has once been revoked by any or all of these acts, can be revived again, unless it be executed in the manner that a fresh will or codicil is required to be.

ALTERATIONS IN WILLS OR Cont Cs require the signature of the te tator and of two witnesses to be made upon the margin, or upon some other part of the will, opposite or near to the alteration.

WHERE PROPERTY IS CONSIDERA

BLE, and of different kinds, or even where inconsiderable, if of different kinds-and to be disposed of to married or other persons, or for the benefit of children, for charities, or trusts of any description, it is absolutely necessary and proper that a qualified legal adviser should superintend the execution of the will.

WHEN A PERSON HAS RESOLVED UPON MAKING A WILL, he should select from among his friends persons of trust to become his executors, and should obtain their consent to act. And it is advisable that a duplicate copy of the will should be entrusted to the executor or executors. Or he should otherwise deposit a copy of his will, or the original will, in the office provided by the Probate Court for the safe custody of wills.

THE FOLLOWING IS A SIMPLE FORM OF WILL:This is the last will and testament of J B-, of Brooklyn, New York: I hereby give, devise, and bequeath to my wife, Mary B-, her heirs, executors, and administrators, for her and their own use and benefit, absolutely and forever, all my estate and effects, both real and personal, whatsoever and wheresoever, and of what nature and quality soever; and I hereby appoint her, the said Mary B-, sole executrix of this my will. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this twentieth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and sixtyfour.

JOHN B. [SEAL.]

Signed by the said John B- in the presence of us, present at the same time, who, in his presence, and in the presence of each other, attest and subscribe our names as witnesses hereto.

JOHN SMITH,

Brooklyn, N. Y. JOSEPH WILSON,

New Haven, Conn.

OTHER FORMS OF WILLS give particular legacies to adults, or to infants, with direction for application of interest during minority; to infants, to be paid at twenty-one without interest; specific legacies of government stock;

general legacies of ditto; specific legacies of leasehold property or household property; immediate or deferred annuities; to daughters or sons for life, and after them their children; legacies with directions for the application of the money; bequests to wife, with conditions as to future marriage; define the powers of trustees, provide for and direct the payment of debts, etc. All these more complicated forms of wills require the superintendence of a professional adviser.

It should be remembered that a false economy in saving the amount which an honest and competent lawyer would charge for his services in drawing up and executing a will, results sometimes in the squandering of thousands of dollars in litigations, after the death of the testator.

A Power of Attorney is an authority given by one person to another to act in his behalf; such authority may be special, or general. When special, the particular matter or business is mentioned; when general, it is to act for the person in all matters or business that may arise.

The person to whom the power to act is given, is called an attorney.

An attorney cannot delegate his power without express permission from his principal. A power of attorney may be withdrawn by revocation at any time, but its effect as to third persons takes effect only from the time they have notice of it.

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, That I, A. B., of Boston, Mass., have made, constituted, and by these presents do make, constitute, and appoint C. D., of Worcester, Mass., my true and lawful attorney, for me and in my name, place and stead, to [here insert the particulars], giving and granting unto my said attorney full power and authority to do and perform all and every act and thing whatsoever requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully, to all intents and purposes, as I might or could do if personally present, with full power of substitution and

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, That whereas I, A, B., of Boston, Mass., by my letter of attorney bearing date of fifth day of March, 187, did appoint C, D., of Worcester, Mass., my attorney to insert the particulars as by the said letter of attorney will appear: NOW KNOW YE that I, the said A. B., do by these presents revoke, countermand, and make void the said letter of attorney, and all power and authority thereby given, or intended to be given, to the said C, D,

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this tenth day of May, 187

A. B. [SEAL.]

Common Carriers. Express companies, and persons who transport goods for others as a business, also railway companies, owners of steamboats, and stage coaches, who carry passengers, are common carriers, and as such are liable for the full value of goods entrusted to them, if not delivered by them as directed,

They are also liable for damage to goods while in their possession, unless such damage is caused by the elements, or the acts of the common

enemy,

The liability of a carrier commences as soon as he receives them, and continues until he has delivered them.

A carrier may refuse to receive goods for transport, if the sender refuses to pay the usual freight charge; and if he takes them to be paid at the

destination, he may retain them there until the freight charge is paid. It is usual for carriers, on their bills, to declare their non-liability, but this will not exempt them from damage, loss, or fraud, caused either by omission or commission of themselves, or agents. But they may make a condition that they will not be answerable for any package (or personal baggage) beyond a certain value, unless such value is stated and paid for accordingly.

MARRIAGE.

Mutual consent is

the basis of marriage; no particular form is necessary. The consent of the clergyman, a magistrate, or other repparties to a marriage given before a utable witnesses, is sufficient, Infants

that is, males under the age of fourteen, and females under the age of twelve-and persons of unsound mind, cannot legally marry; neither can a man who has a former wife living, from whom he has not been legally divorced. The consent of parents, or guardians, for persons under twentyone years of age, is generally required by an officiating minister; but it is not legally necessary.

If a man and woman, who are living as man and wife, shall, in the presence of respectable witnesses, de clare that they are man and wife, the declaration being made by one and assented to by the other, will constitute a marriage valid in law. Legal Principles. are above the law.

AGREEMENTS

A PERSON finding property, on which a definite reward has been offered, has a lien upon the property found for payment of the reward.

THE LAW Compels no one to do impossibilities,

POSSESSION is a strong point in law. Ir a person in making a sale shows a specimen of the goods, it does not become a sale by sample, unless so agreed.

EVERY ACT between parties is to be taken most strongly against the maker, PAROL. EVIDENCE of the purport of a written document will be ad