The meaning of "ore," when contrasted with the preceding extracts, will be too obvious to require any comment. The substitution of o for á was evidently the work of the Normans. The Anglo-Saxon á was pronounced like the Danish aa, the Swedish å, or our modern o in more, fore, &c. The strong intonation given to the words in which it occurred would strike a Norman ear as indicating the same orthography that marked the long syllables of his native tongue, and he would accordingly write them with an e final. It is from this cause that we find hár, sár, hát, bát, wá, án, bán, stán, &c. written hore (hoar), sore, hote (hot), bote (boat), woe, one, bone, stone, some of which have been retained. The same principle of elongation was extended to all the Anglo-Saxon vowels that were accentuated; such as réc, reke (reek), líf, life, gód, gode (good), scúr, shure (shower); and hence the majority of those e's mute upon which Mr. Tyrwhitt has expended so much unfounded speculation.
N.B. For the names of SAINTS generally, see the letter S.
ABDERAHMAN L., king of Moham- medan Spain, i. 255. Fixes the seat of his empire at Cordova, 256.
Abderahman II., i. 256. Abderahman III., i. 256. Pro- claimed caliph, 258. Abelard of Bath, iv. 354. Acubo Moreno, an historian of Lodi, i. 240.
Adalbert, count of Lucca, and mar- quis of Tuscany, i. 21. Adalbert, count of Bamberg, his war with Rudolf, bishop of Wurz- burg; his defeat and death, ii. 93. Adalhard, abbot of Corbey; his treatise on the nature and pro- ceedings of the national assem- blies under the Carlovingian sovereigns, ii. 38.
Adaloald, king of Lombardy, i. 7. Adelantados mayores, i. 265. Adolf, count of Nassau, ii. 114. Adrian I., pope, i. 144. Adrian IV., pope, i. 160. Adrian VI., pope, i. 170. Agincourt, the battle of, iii. 139. Agostino of Ancona, i. 250. Alan (surnamed the Great), duke of Bretagne, ii. 47.
Alan, duke of Bretagne, iii. 27. Alaric, king of the Wisigoths, ii. 7. Alberic, marquis of Camerino, i.
Alberic, the monk, a writer in dog- matic divinity, the opponent of Berengarius, i. 238.
Alberic, abbot of the Cistercians, ii. 284.
Albert, the boar, ii. 104.
Albert, duke of Saxony, ii. 113. Albert I. of Austria, emperor of Germany; his rapacity and ty. ranny, ii. 114.
Albert II, archduke of Austria, elected emperor of Germany, ii. 116. Alberto Scotto, lord of Placenza, i. 63.
Albertus Magnus, ii, 307. Albigenses, origin of their tenets as set forth by Peter the monk of Vaulx-Cernay, i. 293. Funda- mental resemblance of, to the Manichæan heresy, i. 297. Albizzi, i. 89.
Alboin, founder of the kingdom of Lombardy, his tragical fate i. 6. Alcuin, his birth and early educa- tion, ii. 247. Admitted to holy orders to serve in the cathedral of York, 248. Settles in France, and becomes the preceptor of Charlemagne and the imperial family; makes repeated applica- tion to Charlemagne to be re- leased from his dignities and public duties; receives as a place of retreat the magnificent abbey of St. Martin at Tours, 249. His letter to Charlemagne, 250. His death, 251.
Aldred of Northumbria, his inter- lineary version of the Four Gos- pels, now in the British Museum, iv. 56.
Alexander, abbot of Telese, i. 240. Alexander II., pope, i. 148. Alexander III., pope, i. 160. Alexander IV., pope, i. 163. Alexander V., pope, i. 169. Alexandria, the city of, built, i. 41. Alexis Comnenus, i. 115. Alexis Comnenus, i. 239. Alfonso I., king of Naples, i. 139. Alfonso I., king of the Asturias, Leon, and Castile, i. 261. Alfonso II., i. 261. Alfonso III, i. 261.
Alfonso V., i. 261.
Alfonso I., of Aragon, i. 276. Alfonso II., i. 276. Alfonso III., i. 277.
Alfonso V. unites the crown of Sicily with that of Naples, i. 139. 278.
Alfonso VI., king of Leon, and I. of Castile, i. 262.
Alfonso VIII, of Leon and Castile,
i. 262. Moors, 263. Alfonso IX., of Leon, his marriage with the infanta Berengaria of Castile, i. 263.
His success over the
Alfonso X., of Castile and Leon, i 268.
Alfonso, count of Portugal, obtains
a splendid victory over the Moors on the plains of Ourique, and as- sumes the legal title, i. 280. Alfred the Great, iii. 20.
Retires to the island of Ethelingey, 21. His vicissitudes and moral re- formation, 22. Returns to his kingdom; his victories over the Danes; his internal administra. tion, 23. His personal character and death, 24.
Alhakem I., king of Mohammedan Spain, i. 256.
Alhakem II., i. 257.
Allemanni, ii. 1.
Almanzor, general and minister of
Hixem II., i. 256.
Almohades, the, i. 257.
Almoravides, i. 256.
Alonso el Sabio, i. 242.
Alured of Beverly, iv. 282.
Amalfi, i. 108.
Anacletus II., anti-pope, i. 116. Anastasius Bibliothecarius, author
of the Vitæ Romanorum Pon- tificum, i. 233.
Andreo Agnello, author of the Liber Pontificalis, i. 233. Andrew of Hungary, i. 134. sassination of, 135. Angelicus, Doctor, i. 251. Anglo-Normans, ii. 53. Anglo-Saxons, government of the, iii. 38. Military policy of the, 44. Classes of society, 49. Judicial system of, 52. Local regulations, 55. Form of proceedings, extract from Dr. Lingard on this subject, 56. System of frankpledge gene- rally diffused throughout the polity of, 60. Extract from Mr. Hallam on this subject, his opinion refuted, 62. Laws of the, 64. Canonical penance added to civil mulets and penalties, 74. Character of the Saxon laws very unfavourable to their morals, 78. Character of the arts of life, iv. 4. Names of their months, 5. Domestic architecture of the, 6. Magnificence of the interior of their churches, 9. Splendour of the saccrdotal garments, 10. Me- chanics and artisans of the, 11. Literature of the, 13. Inversion and the paraphrasis, the two fun- damental characters of their poe
try, 17. Popular songs of the, 21. Extract from one of their homi- lies, 51. State of science during the Anglo-Saxon period, 115. In- tellectual sciences of the, 130. Anlaf, son of Sightric, the Danish king of Northumbria, iii. 25. Anna Comnena, princess, i. 241. Anschar (St.), ii. 207.
Ansgar, marquis of Jura, i. 21. Anszarians, ii. 30.
Anthar, king of Lombardy, i. 7. Aragon, union of, with Castile, i. 278. Ancient constitution of, 279. Ardoin, marquis of Ivria, i. 29. Arialdo, the deacon, murder of, i. 211.
Arichis, duke of Beneventum, i.109. Aripert II., king of Lombardy, i. 7. Aristotle, ii. 307.
Arnaldo of Brescia, i. 172.
Arnulf, elected emperor of Ger- many, ii. 38. His policy; allies himself with the Huns, 92. His triumphs over the Normans, 93. Arnulphus, the historian of Milan, i. 140.
Artaveldt, Philip van, ii. 82. Arthur and his knights, legends respecting them, iv. 326.
Astolf, king of Lombardy, i. 7. Asturias, origin of the kingdom of the, i. 260.
Athelstan, the first monarch ot England, iii. 25. Invades Nor- thumbria, and annexes it to his other states, 26. His victory over Anlaf, 26. He assumes the title of king of the English, 27. Atto, bishop of Vercelli, author of a comment on St. Paul's epistles,
and two sermons in poetry, i. 233. Auna, king of the East Angles, iii. 216.
Austrasia, or eastern France, ex- tent of, ii. 12.
Avignon, the papal throne removed from, to Rome, i. 166. Avitus (St.), of Vienne, ii. 220.
Barnabas, lord of Milan, i. 67. Barnet, battle of, ii. 141.
Bartolomeo de Neocastro, i. 251. Bavaria, invasion c, by the Huns, ii. 31.
Beauharnois, Eugene, i. 108. Bede, the venerable, his account of the Saxon poetry, iv. 14. His death, 94. Account of his last days, by Cuthbert, 95. Character of his writings, 97. Benedict V., pope, i. 146. Benedict VI, pope, i. 146. Benedict VII., pope, i. 146. Benedict VIII., pope, i. 146. Benedict IX., pope, i. 147. Benedict XI., pope, i. 148. Benedict XII., pope, i. 165. Benedict XIII., pope, i. 168. Beowulf, the first epic or heroic extant in any vernacular lan- guage of Europe, iv. 31. Bera, sovereign count of Barcelona, i. 274.
Berard of Pisa, i. 238.
Berengaria, infanta of Castile, her
marriage with Alfonso, king of Leon, i. 263.
Berengario I., sovereign count of Barcelona, i. 275.
Berenger I., king of Italy, his me- lancholy fate, i. 22.
Berenger, marquis of Ivria, i. 24.
His despotism and cruelty, 27. Bergamo, i. 33.
Bernardo, sovereign count of Bar- celona, i. 274.
Berold, the first duke of Savoy, ii. 97.
Birinus, the apostle of Wessex, iii. 181.
Blanche, princess of Navarre; her
marriage with Martin I. of Si- cily, regency of, i. 133. Blanche, queen, mother of St. Louis, king of France, regency of, ii. 57.
Bobbio, the monastery of, founded by St. Columbanus, in 615., ii. 185. Boccaccio, i. 253.
Boleslas, duke of Poland, ii. 96. Boniface (St.), apostle of Germany,
Boniface VII., pope, i. 146. Boniface IX., pope, i. 168. Bonizone, bishop of Pacenza, i. 238. His death, 239.
Bosworth Field, battle of, iii. 141. Bretwalda, the wielder or sovereign of Britain, dignity of, iii. 11. Bridferth, a monk of Ramsey, the commentator of Bede, iv. 119. Britain, state of, at the time of the Saxon invasion, iii. 1. Character of the people, 4. Divided into
seven kingdoms by the Saxons, 9. Invaded by the Danes, 17. Brithnoth, the death of, a Saxon fragment, iv. 23.
Brunanburg, the battle of, iii. 26. Brunehild, her marriage with Sige- bert, king of Austrasia, ii. 13. Her death, 14.
Buonaventura, cardinal, iv. 355. Burchard, of Worms, i. 245. Burkard, duke of Swabia, ii. 94. Burley, iv. 355.
Burrhed, the vassal king of Mercia; his death, iii. 20.
Cadalus, bishop of Parma, elected pope by the imperial court, i. 154. Cadwallan, iii. 13.
Cadwan, the British king of North Wales, iii. 12.
Caedman, the elder, the most an cient Saxon poet, iv. 14. Cæsarius (St.), of Arles, ii 223. Caffaro, the Genoese historian, i.75. Calietus II., pope, i. 159. Campero of Novaro, i. 251. Campus Maii, ii. 40.
Canterbury, the cathedral of, re- built by the archbishop Lanfranc, iv. 141.
Canute the Great, iii. 35. His cha racter and death, 36. Carara, Francesco de, i. 67. Carlo IV., the last duke of Mantua,
Carthusians, the order of, founded by St. Bruno, ii. 278. Casino, Monte, i. 111.
Castile, the kingdom of, i. 261. Po- litical and civil condition of, 264. The ancient system of represent- ation in, 269.
Catalonia, early history of, i. 273. Subject to the crown of Cordova, 274. Union of, with Aragon, 276. Legislature and laws of, 277. Catherine, sovereign of Navarre, i. 273.
Catherine, daughter of Charles VI. king of France, her marriage with Henry V. of England, iii. 139. Ceadwalla, the first Christian so vereign of Wessex, iii. 15.
Ceawlin, king of Wessex, and Bret- walda of Britain, iii. 11. Ceolric, king of Wessex, iii. 15. Ceolwulf, king of Mercia, iii. 14. Cerdic the Saxon, founds the king- dom of Wessex, iii. 7.
Charibert L., king of Aquitaine, ii. 12.
Charibert II., ii. 14.
Charlemagne, captures Lombardy, i. 7. Crowned by pope Ste- phen III., 143. Founds the Uni- versity of Pavia, 232. His wars in Germany, ii. 29. Forces the Saxons to embrace Christianity, 30. His triumphs over the Sax- ons, 31. Becomes the first em- peror of the West, 32. His death, and character, 33.
Charles of Valois, king of Naples, i. 88. Declared by the pope king of the Two Sicilies, 132. Charles of Anjou conquers the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily, i. 126. Tyranny of, 127. Becomes virtually lord of Italy, 130. His death, 131.
Charles II, king of Naples, i. 134. Charles III., i. 136. Assassination
Charles Hubert, king of Hungary, i. 134.
Charles I., king of Navarre, i. 272. Charles Martel, his glorious victory over the Mohammedans on the plains of Poitiers, ii. 17. His death, 18.
Charles II. (the Bald) of France, ii. 35.
Charles III. (the Fat), ii, 37. Depo- sition of, 38.
Charles IV. (the Simple), ii. 47. Charles IV. (Le Bel), his death, ii.
Charles V., violates the peace of Bretagny, ii. 81. Resumes hosti-
lities with the English, 82. Charles VI., ii. 82. His insanity, 83. Charles VII., ii. 84.
Charles VIII., ii. 86.
Charles IV., king of Bohemia, elect- ed emperor of Germany; his death, ii. 115.
Charles V., emperor, i. 264. Charles (the Bold) duke of Bur- gundy, ii. 85.
Childebert L., of France, ii. 11. Childebert II., king of Austrasia, ii. 18. His death, 14. Childebert III., ii. 17.
Childeric II., king of Austrasia, ii. 15.
Chilperic I., king of Neustria, ii. 12. Chivalry, origin of, ii. 62.
secration and duties of, 63.
Chrestien de Troyes, the original author of the romance of Iwain and Gawain, iv. 329.
Christian Spain, state of the church in, i. 284.
Chrodielda, a nun of Poitiers, ii. 240. Church, origin of lay presentation to ecclesiastical benefices, i. 151. Institution of tithes, 152. Fer- vour of the ancient Christians, 174. High character of the bishops, 175. Effects of the feudal system in the, 176. State of, un- der the Merovingian and Carlo.. vingian princes, ii. 152. Anec- dote of the Monk of St. Gall, indicative of the power of the throne over the church, 155. Ecclesiastical jurisdiction, 156. Rise and fall of the metropoli- tans, 157. The Formulæ of Mar- culfus, 161. Assumption of the papal see, 165. Internal and ex- ternal causes of the decline of the Anglo-Saxon church, iii. 234. Monastic revenues, 339. Danish ravages, 241. Clerical marriages, 250. Never sanctioned by the Anglo-Saxon church, 278. Ge-
neral observations on the doc- trines and discipline of the Anglo- Saxon church, 306. Number of bi- shoprics, 307. Election of bishops, 308. Orders of the hierarchy, 309. Government of, 310. Autho rity of the popes, 312. Revenues of the, 314. Donations of lands,315. Establishment of secular monas- teries, 316. Ecclesiastical immu- nities, 317. Voluntary offerings for the support of, 319. The privilege of the sanctuary fully recognised by the Saxon church, 323. Institution of the Peace of the Church, 325. Baptism, 326. The Eucharist, 327. Transub- stantiation, 328. An enquiry into the opinions of the church uni- versal, on the nature of the real presence, 331. Beneficial effects of the Norman conquest; eccle- siastical administration of Lan- franc, archbishop of Canterbury, iv. 136. Improvement of the monasteries under the Normans, 141. Plundered by William Ru- fus, 147. Limits of ecclesiastical jurisdiction, 163. Expulsion of the clergy from the judicial courts, 176. Rapacity of the popes, 228. Irregularities of the clergy, 232. State of, from the death of Edward I. to the preach- ing of Wickliffe, 265. Ciompi, i. 89.
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