Cistercians, the order of, founded
by St. Robert of Champagne, ii.
283.

Clarendon, the Constitutions of, iv.
184. Condemned and annulled
by the pope, 189.

Claude of Turin, his reprobation of
image worship, ii. 254.
Clef, king of Lombardy, i. 7.
Clement II., pope, i. 147.
Clement IV., i. 163.

Clement V., pope, i. 134. His atro-
cious proceedings against the
knights templars, ii. 76.
Clement VI., pope, i. 165.
Clement VII., pope, i. 167.
Clodomis, ii. 10. Defeat and death
of, 11.

Clothaire I., ii. 10. Murdered by
his nephews, 11.
Clothaire II., ii. 13. By his bloody
executions becomes head of the
whole Frank empire in Germany
and Gaul, 14.

Clothaire II. king of Austrasia, ii. 13.
Clothaire III. king of Neustria, ii.

15.

Clotilda, princess of Burgundy, her
marriage with Clovis I. king of
France, ii. 8.

Clovis I., king of France, his mar-
riage with Clotilda, a Christian
princess, ii. 7. His conversion;
removes his court from Soissons to
Paris, 8. His ambition; his vic-
tory over the Wisigoths on the
plains of Vouglé, 9. His death, 10.
Clovis II., king of Neustria, and
Burgundy, ii. 14.

Clugny, the monastery of, founded

by count William of Aquitaine;
its magnitude, ii. 168.

Coifi, the high priest of Odin, iii.

175. His conversion to the
Christian religion, 176.

Colas di Rienzi, a man of obscure
birth, causes a revolution at
Rome; made tribune by the po-
pulace, i. 173. Made prisoner by
the imperial orders; liberated by
the pope; created senator of
Rome; murdered by the popu-
lace, 174.

Colonna, Ægidius de, iv. 255.
Columbanus (St.), ii. 177.
Communidades, i. 265.
Concordia, i. 95.

Conrad, the pacific governor of
Arles, ii. 48. His death, 51.
Conrad, duke of Lorraine, ii. 96.
Conrad I. of Saxony, emperor of
Germany, his death, ii. 94.
Conrad II. (the Salic), emperor of
Germany; internal disturbances
during his reign, i. 30; ii. 101.

Conrad III., emperor of Germany,

i. 32; ii. 102.

Conrad IV., his premature death,
i. 122.

Conradin, invades Naples, i. 128.
His defeat and death, 129.
Constanza, the princess, her mar-
riage with Henry, son of Frederic
Barbarossa, i. 120.

Corbey, the monastery of, founded
by Bathilda, mother of Clothaire
III., iii. 167.

Corman, a monk of Iona, his mis-
sion to Bernicia, iii. 179.
Cosmo I., duke of Florence, creat-
ed grand duke of Tuscany by
Pius V., i. 92.

Crema, the fall of, i. 38.
Cremona, i. 33.

Cressy, the battle of, ii. 80.
Cuichelm, king of Wessex, iii. 15.
Cunibert, king of Lombardy, i. 7.
Cunimond, king of the (epidæ, i. 5.
Cynegils, king of Wessex, iii. 15,
His conversion, 181.

Cynric, king of Wessex, iii. 7.

D.

Dagobert I., king of Austrasia, ii. 14.
Dagobert II., banished to a mo-

nastery in Ireland by the mayor
Grimould, recalled to the throne
of Austrasia, ii. 15. Assassination
of, 16.

Dagobert III., ii. 16.
Dalmatia, i. 95.

Damasus II., pope, i. 148.
Dandolo, Giovanni, doge of Venice,
i. 101.

Danes, invade England, iii. 14.
De Elementis Philosophiæ, a trea-
tise on metaphysics, iv. 131.
Desiderius, the last of the Lombard
line of princes, consigned to
perpetual banishment by Charle-
magne, i. 7.

De Substantiis, a treatise on me-
taphysics, iv. 131.

Diaz, Bartolomeo, a Portuguese ad-

miral, discovers the Cape of Good
Hope, i. 282.

Dionysius the Little, his collection
of ecclesiastical laws, i. 245.
Dominicans, blasphemous inten-
tions of, i. 307.

Donizone, a monk of Canossa, i. 240.
Dinis, sovereign of Portugal, i. 281.
Durand, iv. 355.

East Saxons, iii. 9.
Ebbo, archbishop of Rheims, ii. 211.
Ebroin, mayor of Neustria, assas-
sination of, ii. 15.

Eccelino II., lord of Romano, i. 53.
Eccelino III., i. 53. Atrocities of,
54. His superstition, 56. His
death, 57.

Edgar the Peaceful, accession of,
iii. 31. His zeal for the admi-
nistration of justice, 32.
Edgar Atheling, iii. 35.
Edilfrid, usurps the crown of Deira;
his defeat and death, iii. 12.
Edilnalch, king of Sussex, iii. 182.
Editha, her marriage with Sightric,
the Danish king of Northumbria,
iii. 25.

Edmund, son and successor of AL
fred the Great, his tragical end,
iii. 27.

Edmund Ironside, assassination of,
iii. 35.

Edward the Elder, son and suc-

cessor of Alfred, incorporates
Mercia with his dominions, iii.

25.

Edward the Martyr, iii. 32.
Edward the Confessor, iii. 37. Laws
of, 76.

Edward I. of England, his cha-
racter, iii. 94. His vigorous and
well planned efforts with regard
to Scotland; his death, 95. Op-
position of the parliament during
his reign, 125. Confirmation of
the charter, 126. Other improve-
ments during this reign, 128.
Edward II., his weakness and mis-
fortunes, iii. 95.

Edward III., his splendid reign,

iii. 95. His death, 96. Improve-
ments in the organisation of the
state, and in the condition of the
people during this reign, 132.
Edward IV., iii. 140.
Edwin, prince of Deira, iii. 12. His
death, 13.

Edwin, king of Deira, his exile,
iii. 169. His elevation to the
throne of Northumbria, 170. His
marriage with Ethelberga, 172.
His conversion, 173. His zeal,
177. Defeated and slain in a bat-
tle with Penda of Mercia, 178.
Edwy, accession of, iii. 29. His
death, 31.

Egbert, king of Wessex, iii. 16.
Egidio, of Rome, i. 250.
Egwina, iii. 25.

Eleanor, heiress of Aquitaine, her
marriage with Louis VII. of
France, ii. 54.

Elfric, a monk, his work on the
real presence, iii. 396.

Elfric, archbishop of Canterbury,
iv. 55.
Elfrid, king of Northumbria, iii. 14.
Ella, a Saxon chief, founder of the
kingdom of Sussex, iii. 7.
England, the conquest of, by Wil-
liam duke of Normandy, iii. 52.
Institution and government un-
der the Norman and Plantagenet
dynasties, 97. Improvement in
the state of society under the
Normans, 98. The feudal system
perfected by the conqueror and
his immediate successors, 99.
Other distinctions between the
Saxon and Norman policy, 100.
Improvements in the judicial sys-
tem, 105. Institution of itinerant
judges, 107. Improvements in
the social condition and the ad-
ministration under king John,
110. The Norman constitution
essentially feudal, 123. Improve-
ments in the administration of
justice, 128. Character of the
laws promulgated by the Norman
and Plantagenet princes, 129.
Frequency of parliaments, 134.
Composition of the army, 135.
The navy, 137. Progress of the
commons towards independence,
138. General observations on the
legislative and executive branches
of the constitution, 143. General
advantages of society, 157. Mis-
sionary exertions in, 183. State
of society during the middle
ages, iv. 317. Literature of, 326.
Specimens of the early poets, 346.
State of science after the con-
quest, 353.

Enrique I., king of Castile and
Leon. i. 268.
Enrique II., i. 268.

Eorpwald, king of East Anglia, iii.12.
Eric, king of Denmark, ii. 213.
Eric, the last king of Northumbria,
defeated, betrayed, and put to
death in the wilds of Stanemoor
iii. 28.

Erigena, John, or Joannes Scotus,
most known for his translation
from the Greek, of a work attri-
buted to Dionysius the Areopagite,
ii. 265. A characteristic instance
of the terms on which he lived
with Charles the Bald, 266. Ex-
tracts from his works, 267. His
treatise on the Eucharist, 269.
Essex, the kingdom of, founded by
the Saxons, iii. 8. Incorporated
with Wessex, 15. Introduction
of Christianity into, 158.
Este, marquis of, the acknowledged
head of the Guelfs, i, 56.

Falieri, Marino, doge of Venice, i.
105. Tried and executed for con-
spiracy by the council of ten,
106.

Farnese, Ludovico, i. 93.
Felix V., pope, i. 169.
Ferdinand I. of Naples, i. 139.
Fernando I., king of Aragon and
Sicily, i. 133.
Fernando II., i. 278.
Fernando, king of Spain, expels
the French from Naples, i. 139.
Obtains the investiture of that
kingdom from the pope, i. 140.
Fernando, king of the Two Sicilies,
i. 140.

Fernando I., king of Leon and Cas-
tile, i. 261.

Fernando II. of Leon, i. 263.
Fernando III. of Leon, his mar-

riage with Isabel, heiress of Cas-
tile, i. 263. His death, 264.
Fernando IV., king of Leon and
Castile, i. 268.

Fernando V., king of Leon, i. 258.
Filippo della Torre, podesta of
Milan, i. 61.

Finsborough, the battle of, a Saxon
poem, iv. 28.

Flagellants,the, institution ascribed
to St. Antony, i. 310.
Flambert, a noble of Verona, assas-
sinates Berenger I., i. 22.
Florence, almost always allied to
the popes, the natural enemies of
the empire, i. 85. Governed by
Cosmo de' Medicis, 89.

Florence of Worcester, iv. 289.
Florentines, defeat of, by the Milan-
ese, i. 67.

Fontevraud, the monastery of, ii.
290.

Foscari, Francesco, doge of Venice,
i. 107.
France, revolution in, ii. 49. Aug-
mentation of the feudal power
and diminution of the royal
power, 52. Decline of the feudal
system, 59. Relation between
superiors and vassals, 60. Muni-
cipal privileges, 65. Progressive
power of the crown, 70. Decline
of the baronial power in, 71
Causes of the neutralisation and
subjugation of the feudal system
in, 72. Increasing power of the
crown, 73. Increasing hostility
of the people with their feudal
governors, 82. Insurrections
caused by the determination of
the people to obtain a share in
the administration, 83. Conti-
nued increase of the power of the
crown, 86. Origen of the states
general, 88. Provincial states of,
91. Establishment of St. Louis,
148. Intellectual state of, during
the eleventh, twelfth, and thir-
teenth centuries, 302.
Francis I. of France, i. 73.
Franciscans, the order of the,
founded, i. 211. Their contests
with the Dominicans, 224.
Francisco della Torre, í. 61.
Frankfort, the diet of, i. 162.
Franks, the, ii. 1. Conversion of
the, 8. Government of, under
the Merovingian princes, 19. Dig-
nitaries of the realm, 20. Origen
of the feudal system, 25. Power
and privileges of the landed pro-
prietors, 26. Administration of,
under the Carlovingian sove-
reigns, 38.

Fredegund, wife of Chilperic_I.,
king of Burgundy, ii. 13. Her
character, 171.

Frederic II., king of Sicily, i. 132.
Frederic Barbarossa, accession of,
i. 35. Subdues the Milanese, and
rases their proud capital to the
ground, 37. Espouses the part
of the schismatic Pope Victor III.;
is excommunicated by pope
Alexander III., 38. His death, 41.
Frederic, emperor, son and succes-
sor of Henry VI., i. 121. His
marriage with Constanza, infanta
of Aragon; his death, 122.
Frederic II., king of Naples, depo-
sition of, i. 140.

Frederic III. of Aragon, i. 133,

Garcia IV., i. 271.

Gargano, Mount, i. 111.

Gaufredus Malaterre, i. 240.
Gaul, invaded by Attila, ii. 6.
Gaya Ciencia of Provence, i. 319.
Gelasius II., pope, i. 159.
Genoa, constitution of, i. 75.
Geoffrey Plantagenet, count of An-
jou; his marriage with Matilda,
daughter of Henry I. of England,
ii. 54.

Geoffrey of Monmouth, iv. 281. A
brief analysis of his works, 285.
George Podiebrad, king of Bohe-
mia, ii. 119.

Gepidæ, ii. 2.

Gerard, an Italian philosopher; his
works, i. 241.

Germanic jurisprudence, ii. 123.
Germanus of Auxerre, his mission

to Britain; procures the condemn-
ation of the heresy of Pelagus,
iii. 154.

Germany, the kingdom of, erected,
ii. 35. A permanent militia
formed in, 95. Political consti-
tution of, under the Saxon dyn.
asty, 97. Imperial prerogatives,
99. Manners and character of
the people, 100. Various compe-
titors for empire, 102. Diminu-
tion of the imperial power and
rapid augmentation of the aristo-
cratic power, ii. 105. Rise and
progress of the confederation of
electors, 108. The growing inde-
pendence of the nobles, 111. New
tribunals, 118. Anciently go-
verned by its unwritten usages,
121. Diffusion of Roman juris-
prudence, 125. Introduction of
Christianity into, 193. Intellect-

Gifford, William, bishop of Win-
chester, founds the abbey of Wa-
verly, iv. 234.

Gildas, a monk of Bangor, author
of Liber Querulus de excidio
Britannico, iv. 62.

Giovanni Galeazzo Visconti, his
marriage with Isabelle de Valois,
i. 66. His death, 68.

Giovanni Galeazzó Visconti, duke
of Milan, poisoned by his uncle
Ludovico, the Moor, i. 73.
Giovanni Visconti, archbishop of
Milan, i. 65. His death, 66.
Giovanni Gaston, grand duke of
Tuscany, i. 92.

Giovanni Gualberto, founder of
the monastery of Vallambrosa,
i. 211.

Giovanni of Messina, i. 251.
Giraldus Cambrensis, his birth, iv.
298. His devotion to literature
and religion, 299. Elected bishop
of St. David's, 301. His election
declared to be null, 302. His
death, 303. Extracts from his
Itinerarium Cambriæ, 309.
Godebert, king of Lombardy, i 7.
Godemar, brother of Sigismund,
defeats the Franks, ii. 10.
Godfrey of Viterbo, i. 251.
Godwin, earl, iii. 37.

Gondecar, king of Burgundy, ii. 7.
Gontram, king of Burgundy, ii. 12.
His death, 14.

Gothrun, son of Ragnar, assumes
the crown of East Anglia, iii. 19.
Defeated by Alfred, he submits,
with thirty of his chiefs, to bap-
tism, on condition of Alfred ac
knowledging his royal dignity, 22.
Goths, ii. 2. Expelled from Eastern
Europe by the Slavi, 4.
Gottschalk, a monk of Fulda, his
disputes respecting predestination
and free-will, ii. 263.

Gradenigo, Pietro, doge of Venice,
i. 102.

Granada, the kingdom of, i. 258.
Destruction of, 264.

Gratian, a monk of Bologna, his
compilation of the canon laws,
i. 245.

Great Chartreuse, the, ii. 280.
Great Company, the, an army of
robbers so called, chiefly com
posed of mercenaries, i. 66.
Gregory II., pope, i. 142.
Gregory III., pope, i. 142.
Gregory V., pope, i. 146.
Gregory VII., pope (Hildebrand),
his early education, i. 149. His

disputes with the emperor, 154.
His death, 159.

Gregory IX., pope, i. 163.
Gregory X., pope, i. 163.
Gregory XI., pope, i. 166.
Gregory XII., pope, i. 168.
Grimoald, king of Lombardy, i. 7.
Grimoald, mayor of Neustria, ii.
15.

Grossetete, bishop of Lincoln, iv.
228. His humble parentage and
education, 259. His character,
260. His answer to the pope,
refusing to admit foreign clergy-
men to any living in his diocese,
262. Charges the holy see of
been the cause of the corruption
of the clergy, 263. His works,
264.

Grundtvig, Dr., iv. 50.

Guelfs, i. 65. Divisions of into two
factions, Whites and Blacks, 88.
Guicciardini, i. 253.

Guido, marquis of Spoletto, i. 21.
His death, 22.

Guido della Torre, lord of Milan,
i. 63.

Guido, duke of Tuscany, i. 145.
Guigo, fifth grand prior of the or-

der of the Carthusians, ii. 281.
Guillaume Bras de Fer, i. 112.
Guiomar, prince of Salerno, i. 111.
Guiscard, Robert, succeeds to the
lordship of Apulia, assumes the
title of duke, i. 114.

Gulielmus Apuliensis, i. 240.
Gundebald, ii. 8.

H.

Haco the Good, king of Norway,
iii. 27.

Hales, Alexander, iv. 355.
Halfdan, a Danish chief, iii. 21.
Hanwill, a Latin poet, a monk of
St. Alban's, iv. 314.
Hardicanute, iii. 36.

Harold, surnamed Harefoot, usurps
the throne of England, iii. 36.
Hawkwood, Sir John, i. 67.
Hengist, the Saxon chief, iii. 5.

Founds the first Saxon kingdom,
that of Kent, 6.

Henrique, son of Joam, the first

scientific prince Portugal ever
produced, i. 281.

Henry, king of the Romans, i. 121.
Rebels against his father and
aspires to the imperial throne; is
imprisoned for life, 122.
Henry, king of Navarre, i. 272.
Henry of Besançon, first count of
Portugal, i. 262.

Henry I. of England, accession, iii.

87. Distinguished for his lite-
rary pursuits, iv. 143. Ingratiates
himself with the church and the
people, 156.

Henry II., his beneficial adminis-
tration, iii. 90. His interview
with Thomas à Becket; his du-
plicity on that occasion, iv. 203.
Accused of the murder of Thomas
à Becket, 220. Inflicts penance
on himself at the tomb of Thomas
à Becket, 221. Makes concessions
to the Roman court, 222.
Henry III., ii. 57. Vicissitudes and
weakness of his government, iii.
93. He ratifies and extends the
charter of John, 94. Encroach-
ments of the barons during his
reign, 116. Deputies of cities and
boroughs first summoned to par-
liament during his reign, 122.
Introduction of a stricter system
of police, 124. His transactions
with the court of Rome, iv. 223.
Henry IV., iii. 139. An act of par-
liament passed during his reign
making heresy a capital offence,
iv. 279.

Henry V. invades Normandy, and
gains the great battle of Agin-
court, ii. 83. Appointed regent,
and declared heir to the crown of
France, iii. 139. His marriage with
Catherine, daughter of Charles
VI. of France, 140. His death,
141.
Henry VI., ii. 84. Proclaimed king
of France and England, iii. 140.
His expulsion from the throne,
141. Committed to the Tower of
London; his restoration, and
death, 142.

Henry Í., of Saxony, emperor of
Germany, surnamed the Fowler,
ii. 94. His conquests and military
policy, 95.
Henry II., emperor of Germany,
i. 112. His triumphs over the
Poles and Italians, ii. 97.
Henry III., emperor of Germany,
arrives at Rome, and assembles a
council to elect a pope, i. 147.
Restores order at Rome, 148.
Henry IV., emperor of Germany,
i. 154. Excommunicated and
deposed by Gregory VII, 158.
Takes Rome by assault, and be
sieges Gregory in the castle of
St. Angelo, 159.

Henry V., emperor of Germany,

i. 32.

Henry VI., emperor, his marriage
with Constanza, princess and
heiress of the Sicilies, i. 120. In-
vades Sicily and seizes on the