supreme authority, 121. Erects Bohemia into a kingdom, ii. 104. Henry VII., emperor, invested with the iron crown of Lombardy, i. 64.
Henry VIII, count of Luxemburg, elected emperor of Germany, ii. 114.
Henry I., of France, augmentation of the feudal power during his reign, ii. 52.
Henry of Huntingdon, iv. 282. Hexham, the battle of, iii. 141. Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims,
ii. 254. His birth, 259. Elected to the archiepiscopal throne of Rheims in 845, 260. Engages a monk of his cathedral to dispute the doctrine of Gottschalk, 263. His treatise on predestination, 264.
Hixem I., king of Mohammedan Spain, i. 256.
Hixem II., i. 256.
Honorius III., pope, i. 121. Horsa, a Saxon chief, iii. 5. Hugo, count of Provence, crowned king of Italy; his tyranny and vices, i. 23.
Hugues le Blanc, ii. 48.
Hugues Capet, count of Paris, raised to the throne of France, ii. 48.
Humbert, the Norman leader, i. 113.
Hungary, formation of the kingdom of, ii. 92.
Huns, the, invade Italy, i. 23.
Iconoclasts, i. 109.
Ida invades Britain, and founds the kingdom of Bernicia, iii 8. Ina, king of Wessex, iii. 15. Ingaur and Ubba, iii. 19. Innocent III., pope, i. 51. Seizes
the march of Ancona and the duchy of Spoletto, i. 161. En- deavours to deprive the house of Hohenstauffen of the imperial crown, 162.
Innocent IV., pope, i. 122. His death, 123.
Innocent VI., pope, i. 165. Innocent VII., pope, i. 168. Inquisition, establishment of the, i. 314.
Investitures, the commencement of the celebrated quarrel about,i 158. Iona, the monastery of, founded by St. Colomba, iii. 179.
Irner, professor of civil law at Bo- logna, i, 244.
Isabella Farnese, her marriage with Philip V. of Spain, i. 93. Isabelle de Valois, her marriage with Giovanni Galeazzo, duke of Milan, i. 66. Put to death in a popular sedition at Milan, 69. Isidorus Pacensis, i. 270. Islip, Simon de, iv. 268. Istria, i. 26.
Italy, early state of, i. 2. Invaded by the Huns and Saracens, 23. Origin of municipal corporations in, 27. Recapitulatory history and progressive condition of, from the irruption of the Heruli to the peace of Constance, 42. Change in the character of the native inhabitants by the union of in- dividual security with social free- dom, 43. Gradual independence of the communities of the great barons, 45. Progressive changes in the constitutions of the mu- nicipalities, 48. Disputes between the nobles and the plebeians, 49. Southern Italy conquered by the Normans, 111. State of literature in, from the death of Otho III. to the peace of Constance, 224. In- tellectual state of, under the Lom- bards, 228.State of, from the fall of the Lombards to the death of Otho III., 231. General ob- servations on the literature of, from the peace of Constance to the year 1300, 246.
Ivo of Chartres, i. 245.
Iwain and Gawain, a romance, analysis of, iv. 328.
Jaca, the capital of Aragon, i. 276. Jacobins, i. 306.
Jacopo of Viterbo, i. 250.
Jarrow, the monastery of, founded by St. Benedict, iii. 195.
Jayme I. of Aragon, i. 132. Subdues the kingdom of Valencia and the Balearic Isles, 277.
Jean d'Albert, lord of Bearne, as- sumes the title of king of Navarre, i. 273.
Jeanne I., sovereign of Navarre; her marriage with a French prince, i. 272.
Jeanne II., i. 272.
Joachim, abbot of Calabria, remarks on his writings, i. 247. Joam I., sovereign of Portugal,i.281. Joan of Arc, ii. 84. Joanna I. of Naples, i. 134.
pected of being implicated in the murder of her husband, 135.
Her sudden and violent death, 136.
Joanna II., i. 138. Her death, 139. Joffred, abbot of Croyland, iv. 142. John VIII., pope, i. 139. John X., pope, i. 144. John XI., pope, i. 145. John XII, pope, i. 145. John XIV., pope, i. 146. John XV., pope, i. 146. John XIX., pope, i. 147. John XXII., pope, 1. 165. John XXIII., pope, i. 169. John de Valois, king of France, taken prisoner at the battle of Poitiers, ii. 80. Enters into a treaty with Edward III.; is li berated, 81. His death, 82. John, king of England, internal government of, iii. 92. His cha- racter and death, 93. General character of the great charter granted by, 114. His disputes with the holy see, iv. 222. John, an Italian philosopher, i. 241. John of Salisbury, iv. 314. Joseph of Exeter, iv. 315.
Juan I., king of Castile and Leon, i. 268.
Lateran, the council of, i. 153. Third council of, 160. Fourth council of, 224.
Laurens, Guillaume de Puy, i. 296. Leicester, earl of, iii. 117. Leidred, archbishop of Lyons, ii. 254.
Leo, the Bavarian emperor of the East, i. 142.
Leo IV., pope, i. 143. Leo VIII, pope, i. 146. Leo IX., pope, i. 148. Leo X., pope, i. 170.
Leo, cardinal, bishop of Ostia, i.
Leon, origin of the kingdom of, i. 261. The cortes of, 266. Leonardo Fibonnacci, i. 251. Leopold, margrave of Austria, ii.
Lieuthbert, king of Lombardy, i.
7. Lingard, Dr., iii. 117. Extract from his works, stating the limits of ecclesiastical jurisdiction, 166. Ex- tract from his Antiquities of the Anglo-Saxon Church, iv. 113. Lionel, duke of Clarence, i. 66. Liutprand, remarks on his writings, i. 233. Lodi, i. 33.
Lodolf of Novara, i. 238. Lollards, the, iv. 276. Lombards, the, domestic policy of, i. 8. General character of, 18. Lombardy, the kingdom of, founded by Alboin, i. 5. Captured by Charlemagne, 7. Internal com- motions, 57. Tranquillity re- stored, 63.
Lothaire, king of Italy, i. 26. Lothaire I., sovereign of France and Germany, ii. 35. Lothaire II., ii. 48. Lother and Edric, iii. 68. Louis II. of France, ii. 36. Louis IV., ii. 48.
Louis V., ii. 48.
Louis VI., ii. 54.
Louis VII., ii. 54.
Macchiavelli, i. 253. Madeiras, discovered by the Por- tuguese, i. 281.
Magna Charta, general character of, iii. 113.
Magnus, king of Denmark, iii. 36. Malcolm, king of Scotland, iii. 86. Malek ebn Ans, one of the great Sounite doctors, i. 283. Manfred, king of Sicily, i. 87. His disputes with the papal see, i. 123. A crusade preached against him, 124. His defeat and death,
Manichæans, i. 298. Marche, the count de la, ii. 57. Margaret, queen of Henry VI., iii. 140.
Margarita, widow of Charles III. of Naples, regency of, i. 137. Maria, Giovanni, duke of Milan, i. 68.
Maria, Filippo, lord of Pavia, i. 68. His death, 70.
Maria Louisa, duchess of Parma, i. 93.
Maria, queen of Sicily, i. 133. Marino, the imperial governor of Rome, i. 142.
Marino, a hermit of Venice, i. 197. Martin I. of Aragon, i. 133.
Martin IV., pope, i. 131.
Martin V., pope, i. 169.
Martino della Torre, podesta of Milan; his character, i. 59. His death, 61.
Mary of Burgundy, ii. 116. Matilda, empress of Germany, iii. 87. Asserts her right to the throne of England, 88. Expulsion of, 89.
Matteo Spinelli, i. 251. Matteo Visconti, i. 62. Maximilian, duke of Milan, i. 73. Maximilian I. of Austria, ii. 116. His ineffectual efforts to reduce the cantons of Switzerland, 120. Maynard, count of Tyrol, ii. 113. Medicis, Alexander de, proclaimed hereditary duke of Florence; assassination of, i. 92. Medicis, Cosmo de, his character, i. 89. Banishment of, 90. Medicis, Guiliano de, assassination of, i. 91.
Medicis, Lorenzo de, i. 91. Medicis, Pietro de, i. 90. Melitus, consecrated bishop of Lon- don by St. Augustine, iii. 158. Mercia, the kingdom of, formed by the Angles, headed by Cridda, in
586, iii. 9. Introduction of Chris- tianity into, 14. Merlin, a legend of the Anglo- Saxon times, extracts from, iv. 67. Further extracts from, 344. Merowig, son of Chilperic, ii. 7. His marriage with Brunehild, 13. Milan, contests of, with the empire, i. 34. Placed by Frederick under the ban of the empire, 38. Sub- jected to the sway of a perpetual podesta, 59. The republican institutions of, restored, 71. Modena, the duchy of, claimed by the church, i. 94.
Mohammed Abu Abdalla, emperor of the Almohades, i. 257. Mohammed ben Alhamar, i. 258. Monastic institutions, ii. 160. Re- form of, in the 11th century, 301. Decline of, 253.
Monte Casino, the monastery of, erected in 529, i. 184. Montferrat, the marquis of, the greatest of the Italian feudato- ries, i. 62.
Montfort, Simon de, i. 303. Moses of Bergamo, author of Carmen de Laudibus Bergami, i. 240.
Musa, a Mohammedan corsair, seizes on Sardinia, and sets fire to Pisa, i. 74. His defeat and death, 75.
Naples, i. 108. Invaded by Louis, king of Hungary, 135. The French expelled from, 139. In- vaded by the imperial troops in the war of the succession, 140. Napoleon della Torre, i. 61. Narsus, the imperial general, i. 4. Navarre, origin and early history of, obscure, i. 270. Ruled by four successive sovereigns of France, 272. Conquest of, by Fernando of Castile, 273.
Neckham, abbot of Cirencester, iv. 315.
Neustria, or western France, ii. 12 Nicolas II., pope, i. 149. Nicolas III., pope, i. 163. Nicolas V., pope, i. 169. Nicolo de Jamsilla, i. 251. Nordalbingians, ii. 30.
Normandy, united with the crown of England, ii. 53.
Normans, their conquests in south- ern Italy, i. 111. the, iv. 143.
Northallerton, the battle of, iii. 88. Northumbria, taken by the Danes,
iii. 19. Introduction of Chris- tianity into, 169.
Obotrites, the, ii. 92. Ocaña, the cortes of, i. 269. Occham, William, iv. 355. Odo the Bastard, iv. 140. Odoacer the Mercenary, i. 3. Offa, king of Mercia, iii. 15. Olaf, king of Sweden, ii. 213. Olaf of Norway, invades England, iii. 33.
Order of Mercy for the Redemption of Christian Captives, instituted in 1223, i. 314.
Orlando of Cremona, i. 250. Orleans, the siege of, in 1428, ii. 84. Osbert and Ella, iii. 18.
Ostrogoths, character of the dy- nasty of the, i. 3.
Osulf, the first earl of Northumbria, ni. 28.
Oswald, king of Bernicia, his exer- tions for the diffusion of Christi- anity in Northumbria, iii. 179. Oswio, king of Northumbria, iii. 13. Otho Í., emperor of Germany, i. 26. His coronation at Rome, ii. 96. Otho II., ii. 96.
Otho Visconti, i. 62. Otho of Brunswick, i. 136.
Otho, the historian of Lodi, i. 240. Otranto, i. 109.
Ottocar, king of Bohemia; his de- feat and death, ii. 113.
Pagano della Torre, lord of Valus- sina, i. 53. Made a tribune of the people of Milan, 54. Pandects, discovery of, at Amalfi, i. 243.
Pandolf IV., prince of Capua, i. 112. Paolo Fregoso, archbishop of Ge- noa, doge, captain of a banditti,and a corsair-chief; his government; becomes a pirate; invested with the dignity of cardinal, i. 84. Placed at the head of the papal fleet; renounces his ducal dig. nity; retires to Rome, i. 85. Parliament, creation of, iii. 117.
Constitution and functions of, 119. Knights and burgesses first sum- moned to; opposition of, to_the rapacity of the crown, 122. Pro- gress of the house of commons,
137. Observations on the house of commons, 143. The constitu- tion of the house of lords, 147. And on the king's council, 149. Parma, the duchy of, i. 33. Pascal II., pope, i. 15.
Paschasius Radbert, abbot of Cor- bey, ii. 254.
Paul III., pope, i. 93. 170. Paul IV., pope, i. 170. Paul, the deacon, i. 229. Paulicians, the, i. 296.
Paulinus, patriarch of Aquileia; his works published at Venice in 1437, i. 232.
Paulinus, bishop of Kent, confessor of Ethelberga, queen of Northum- bria, iii. 172. Miracles ascribed to; obtains the archbishopric of York, 177.
Paulus, Warnefredus, the Lombard historian, author of De Gestis Longobardorum, i. 230.
Peada, the first Christian sovereign of Mercia, iii. 14. His conver- sion, 182.
Pedro I. of Aragon, son-in-law of Manfred, assumes the crown of Sicily; his death, i. 131.
Pedro II. of Aragon, king of Sicily, i. 133. Agrees to hold Aragon as a fief to the holy see, 277. Pedro III. of Aragon, i. 277. Pedro IV. of Aragon, i. 278. Pedro the Cruel, king of Castile and Leon, i. 268.
Pedro Nolasco, a gentleman of Lan- guedoc, receives the habit of the order of mercy, i. 314. Pelagius II., pope, i. 143. Pelavicini, marquis, a feudal baron, podesta of Cremona, Novara, Brescia, and other places, i. 60. Pelayo, king of the Asturias, i. 260. Penda, king of Mercia, invasion of Norway by, iii. 13. Defeat and death of, 182.
Pentapolis, the, i. 108.
Pepin, mayor of the palace, gover- nor of Neustria, ii. 14. His vic- tories over the Frisons, 16. Pro- claimed king of the Franks, 28. Death of, in 768, 29.
Pertaris, king of Lombardy, i. 7. Peter the Lombard, his origin; his death, in 1160; his works; his book of sentences, i. 237. Peter Grossolano, archbishop of Milan, i. 238.
Peter the Deacon; his biography of the illustrious men of Monte Casino, i. 239.
Peter, monk of Vaulx-Cornay; his account of the Albigenses, i. 293.
Philip, emperor of Germany, i. 162. Philip L., king of France, ii. 52. Philip II., king of France; his suc- cesses against John, king of Eng- land; he conquers the whole of Normandy, ii, 56.
Philip III, king of France, sur- named le Hardi, ii. 74.
Philip IV., king of France, ii. 74. His marriage with Jeanne of Na- varre; his persecution of the Templars, 76. Abolishes the order of the Templars; his death, 77. Philip V., le Long, king of France,
Philip V., count de Valois, suc- ceeds to the throne of France; his claims opposed by Edward III. of England, ii. 79.
Philip, duke of Burgundy, joins the English, to avenge the death of his father, ii. 84.
Philip de Broc, a canon of Bedford; his guilt and punishment, iv. 181. Picts, expulsion of, from Britain, iii. 6.
Pierre de Bruis, a leader of the Manichæans, i. 299.
Pisa and Genoa, the republics of, origin and early history of, i. 74. Early constitution of, 76. Ruin- ous war of, 79. Becomes obnoxi- ous to the Guelfs of Tuscany, 80. War of, with Aragon; taken by the Florentines, 83. A general council convoked at, in 1409, 168.
Pius V., pope, i. 32.
Podesta, the, a new dignitary intro. duced by Frederic, i. 37. Poggio Bracciolini, i. 253. Politian, i. 255.
Popes, original dependence of, on the emperors, i. 141. Commence- ment of the temporal sovereignty of, 142. Dreadful vices of, 145. Portugal, constitution of, i. 282. Premonstratensians, the foundation of the order of, by St. Norbert, ii. 295.
Rabanus Maurus, archbishop of Mayence, ii. 254. Rachis, king of Lombardy, i. 7. Ragnar Lodbrog, a famous Danish pirate, iii. 18.
Rainolf, a Norman knight, invest- ed with the lordship of Aversa, i. 112. Ralf, surnamed Flambard, the fa- vourite minister of William
Rufus, iv. 146. His character; becomes prime minister of Eng- land, 147. His unpopularity, 148. Projects formed for his destruc- tion; obtains the bishopric of Durham, 149.
Ramiro I., the monk, king of Ara- gon, i. 275.
Ramsey, the monastery of, found- ation of, by St. Oswald, iii. 284. Ratramnus or Bertram, a monk or Corbey, his work on the Real Presence in the Eucharist, iii. 334.
Raymund I., of Burgundy, created count of Galicia, i. 262.
Raymundo II., sovereign count of Barcelona, i. 275.
Raymundo III., sovereign count of Barcelona, i. 275.
Raymundo IV., sovereign count of Barcelona, i. 275.
Raymundo V., sovereign count of Barcelona, marriage of, to Petro- nilla, heiress of Aragon, i. 275. Redwald, king of the East Angles; his generous protection of Edwin, prince of Deira, iii. 12. Reggio, i. 33. Regius, i. 245.
Reinulf II., count of Aquitaine, ii. 47.
René d'Anjou, king of Naples, i. 139. Death of, ii. 86.
Rialto, foundation of the city of, i. 95. Receives the name of Venice, 96. Ricardo de St. Germano, an, histo- rian, i. 251.
Richard I. of England, accession of, iii. 91. His death, 92. Richard II., king of England, son of the Black Prince; his tragical death, iii. 96.
Richard III., king of England, iii.
Richard II., duke of Normandy, iii. 33. Richard, count of Aversa, i. 115. Richard, earl of Cornwall, i. 163. Ricordano Malaspini, i. 251. Robert, emperor, invades Italy, i. 68.
Robert, king of Naples, i. 134. Robert II., king of France, ii. 53. Robert, count palatine of the Rhine, elected emperor of Ger- many, ii. 115.
Robert of Arbrissel, founds the order of Fontevraud; becomes archdeacon of Rennes; his ef forts to reform the church, ii. 290. His policy, 291.
Robert, eldest son of William the Conqueror, iii. 85.
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