supreme authority, 121. Erects
Bohemia into a kingdom, ii. 104.
Henry VII., emperor, invested with
the iron crown of Lombardy, i.
64.

Henry VIII, count of Luxemburg,
elected emperor of Germany, ii.
114.

Henry I., of France, augmentation
of the feudal power during his
reign, ii. 52.

Henry of Huntingdon, iv. 282.
Hexham, the battle of, iii. 141.
Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims,

ii. 254. His birth, 259. Elected
to the archiepiscopal throne of
Rheims in 845, 260. Engages a
monk of his cathedral to dispute
the doctrine of Gottschalk, 263.
His treatise on predestination,
264.

Hixem I., king of Mohammedan
Spain, i. 256.

Hixem II., i. 256.

Honorius III., pope, i. 121.
Horsa, a Saxon chief, iii. 5.
Hugo, count of Provence, crowned
king of Italy; his tyranny and
vices, i. 23.

Hugues le Blanc, ii. 48.

Hugues Capet, count of Paris,
raised to the throne of France,
ii. 48.

Humbert, the Norman leader, i.
113.

Hungary, formation of the kingdom
of, ii. 92.

Huns, the, invade Italy, i. 23.

I.

Iconoclasts, i. 109.

Ida invades Britain, and founds the
kingdom of Bernicia, iii 8.
Ina, king of Wessex, iii. 15.
Ingaur and Ubba, iii. 19.
Innocent III., pope, i. 51. Seizes

the march of Ancona and the
duchy of Spoletto, i. 161. En-
deavours to deprive the house of
Hohenstauffen of the imperial
crown, 162.

Innocent IV., pope, i. 122. His
death, 123.

Innocent VI., pope, i. 165.
Innocent VII., pope, i. 168.
Inquisition, establishment of the,
i. 314.

Investitures, the commencement of
the celebrated quarrel about,i 158.
Iona, the monastery of, founded by
St. Colomba, iii. 179.

Irner, professor of civil law at Bo-
logna, i, 244.

Isabella Farnese, her marriage with
Philip V. of Spain, i. 93.
Isabelle de Valois, her marriage
with Giovanni Galeazzo, duke of
Milan, i. 66. Put to death in a
popular sedition at Milan, 69.
Isidorus Pacensis, i. 270.
Islip, Simon de, iv. 268.
Istria, i. 26.

Italy, early state of, i. 2. Invaded
by the Huns and Saracens, 23.
Origin of municipal corporations
in, 27. Recapitulatory history and
progressive condition of, from the
irruption of the Heruli to the
peace of Constance, 42. Change
in the character of the native
inhabitants by the union of in-
dividual security with social free-
dom, 43. Gradual independence
of the communities of the great
barons, 45. Progressive changes
in the constitutions of the mu-
nicipalities, 48. Disputes between
the nobles and the plebeians, 49.
Southern Italy conquered by the
Normans, 111. State of literature
in, from the death of Otho III. to
the peace of Constance, 224. In-
tellectual state of, under the Lom-
bards, 228.State of, from the
fall of the Lombards to the death
of Otho III., 231. General ob-
servations on the literature of,
from the peace of Constance to
the year 1300, 246.

Ivo of Chartres, i. 245.

Iwain and Gawain, a romance,
analysis of, iv. 328.

J.

Jaca, the capital of Aragon, i. 276.
Jacobins, i. 306.

Jacopo of Viterbo, i. 250.

Jarrow, the monastery of, founded
by St. Benedict, iii. 195.

Jayme I. of Aragon, i. 132. Subdues
the kingdom of Valencia and the
Balearic Isles, 277.

Jean d'Albert, lord of Bearne, as-
sumes the title of king of Navarre,
i. 273.

Jeanne I., sovereign of Navarre;
her marriage with a French
prince, i. 272.

Jeanne II., i. 272.

Joachim, abbot of Calabria, remarks
on his writings, i. 247.
Joam I., sovereign of Portugal,i.281.
Joan of Arc, ii. 84.
Joanna I. of Naples, i. 134.

Sus-

pected of being implicated in
the murder of her husband, 135.

Her sudden and violent death,
136.

Joanna II., i. 138. Her death, 139.
Joffred, abbot of Croyland, iv. 142.
John VIII., pope, i. 139.
John X., pope, i. 144.
John XI., pope, i. 145.
John XII, pope, i. 145.
John XIV., pope, i. 146.
John XV., pope, i. 146.
John XIX., pope, i. 147.
John XXII., pope, 1. 165.
John XXIII., pope, i. 169.
John de Valois, king of France,
taken prisoner at the battle of
Poitiers, ii. 80. Enters into a
treaty with Edward III.; is li
berated, 81. His death, 82.
John, king of England, internal
government of, iii. 92. His cha-
racter and death, 93.
General
character of the great charter
granted by, 114. His disputes
with the holy see, iv. 222.
John, an Italian philosopher, i. 241.
John of Salisbury, iv. 314.
Joseph of Exeter, iv. 315.

Juan I., king of Castile and Leon,
i. 268.

Lateran, the council of, i. 153.
Third council of, 160. Fourth
council of, 224.

Laurens, Guillaume de Puy, i. 296.
Leicester, earl of, iii. 117.
Leidred, archbishop of Lyons, ii.
254.

Leo, the Bavarian emperor of the
East, i. 142.

Leo IV., pope, i. 143.
Leo VIII, pope, i. 146.
Leo IX., pope, i. 148.
Leo X., pope, i. 170.

Leo, cardinal, bishop of Ostia, i.

239.

Leon, origin of the kingdom of, i.
261. The cortes of, 266.
Leonardo Fibonnacci, i. 251.
Leopold, margrave of Austria, ii.

102.

Lieuthbert, king of Lombardy, i.

7.
Lingard, Dr., iii. 117. Extract from
his works, stating the limits of
ecclesiastical jurisdiction, 166. Ex-
tract from his Antiquities of the
Anglo-Saxon Church, iv. 113.
Lionel, duke of Clarence, i. 66.
Liutprand, remarks on his writings,
i. 233.
Lodi, i. 33.

Lodolf of Novara, i. 238.
Lollards, the, iv. 276.
Lombards, the, domestic policy of,
i. 8. General character of, 18.
Lombardy, the kingdom of, founded
by Alboin, i. 5. Captured by
Charlemagne, 7. Internal com-
motions, 57. Tranquillity re-
stored, 63.

Lothaire, king of Italy, i. 26.
Lothaire I., sovereign of France
and Germany, ii. 35.
Lothaire II., ii. 48.
Lother and Edric, iii. 68.
Louis II. of France, ii. 36.
Louis IV., ii. 48.

Louis V., ii. 48.

Louis VI., ii. 54.

Louis VII., ii. 54.

Louis VIII., ii. 56.

M.

Macchiavelli, i. 253.
Madeiras, discovered by the Por-
tuguese, i. 281.

Magna Charta, general character of,
iii. 113.

Magnus, king of Denmark, iii. 36.
Malcolm, king of Scotland, iii. 86.
Malek ebn Ans, one of the great
Sounite doctors, i. 283.
Manfred, king of Sicily, i. 87. His
disputes with the papal see, i.
123. A crusade preached against
him, 124. His defeat and death,

125.

Manichæans, i. 298.
Marche, the count de la, ii. 57.
Margaret, queen of Henry VI., iii.
140.

Margarita, widow of Charles III.
of Naples, regency of, i. 137.
Maria, Giovanni, duke of Milan, i.
68.

Maria, Filippo, lord of Pavia, i. 68.
His death, 70.

Maria Louisa, duchess of Parma, i.
93.

Maria, queen of Sicily, i. 133.
Marino, the imperial governor of
Rome, i. 142.

Marino, a hermit of Venice, i. 197.
Martin I. of Aragon, i. 133.

Martin II., i. 133.

Martin IV., pope, i. 131.

Martin V., pope, i. 169.

Martino della Torre, podesta of
Milan; his character, i. 59. His
death, 61.

Mary of Burgundy, ii. 116.
Matilda, empress of Germany, iii.
87. Asserts her right to the
throne of England, 88. Expulsion
of, 89.

Matteo Spinelli, i. 251.
Matteo Visconti, i. 62.
Maximilian, duke of Milan, i. 73.
Maximilian I. of Austria, ii. 116.
His ineffectual efforts to reduce
the cantons of Switzerland, 120.
Maynard, count of Tyrol, ii. 113.
Medicis, Alexander de, proclaimed
hereditary duke of Florence;
assassination of, i. 92.
Medicis, Cosmo de, his character, i.
89. Banishment of, 90.
Medicis, Guiliano de, assassination
of, i. 91.

Medicis, Lorenzo de, i. 91.
Medicis, Pietro de, i. 90.
Melitus, consecrated bishop of Lon-
don by St. Augustine, iii. 158.
Mercia, the kingdom of, formed by
the Angles, headed by Cridda, in

586, iii. 9. Introduction of Chris-
tianity into, 14.
Merlin, a legend of the Anglo-
Saxon times, extracts from, iv.
67. Further extracts from, 344.
Merowig, son of Chilperic, ii. 7.
His marriage with Brunehild,
13.
Milan, contests of, with the empire,
i. 34. Placed by Frederick under
the ban of the empire, 38. Sub-
jected to the sway of a perpetual
podesta, 59. The republican
institutions of, restored, 71.
Modena, the duchy of, claimed by
the church, i. 94.

Mohammed Abu Abdalla, emperor
of the Almohades, i. 257.
Mohammed ben Alhamar, i. 258.
Monastic institutions, ii. 160. Re-
form of, in the 11th century, 301.
Decline of, 253.

Monte Casino, the monastery of,
erected in 529, i. 184.
Montferrat, the marquis of, the
greatest of the Italian feudato-
ries, i. 62.

Montfort, Simon de, i. 303.
Moses of Bergamo, author of
Carmen de Laudibus Bergami,
i. 240.

Musa, a Mohammedan corsair,
seizes on Sardinia, and sets fire
to Pisa, i. 74. His defeat and
death, 75.

N.

Naples, i. 108. Invaded by Louis,
king of Hungary, 135. The
French expelled from, 139. In-
vaded by the imperial troops in
the war of the succession, 140.
Napoleon della Torre, i. 61.
Narsus, the imperial general, i. 4.
Navarre, origin and early history
of, obscure, i. 270. Ruled by four
successive sovereigns of France,
272. Conquest of, by Fernando
of Castile, 273.

Neckham, abbot of Cirencester, iv.
315.

Neustria, or western France, ii. 12
Nicolas II., pope, i. 149.
Nicolas III., pope, i. 163.
Nicolas V., pope, i. 169.
Nicolo de Jamsilla, i. 251.
Nordalbingians, ii. 30.

Normandy, united with the crown
of England, ii. 53.

Character of

Normans, their conquests in south-
ern Italy, i. 111.
the, iv. 143.

Northallerton, the battle of, iii. 88.
Northumbria, taken by the Danes,

iii. 19. Introduction of Chris-
tianity into, 169.

O.

Obotrites, the, ii. 92.
Ocaña, the cortes of, i. 269.
Occham, William, iv. 355.
Odo the Bastard, iv. 140.
Odoacer the Mercenary, i. 3.
Offa, king of Mercia, iii. 15.
Olaf, king of Sweden, ii. 213.
Olaf of Norway, invades England,
iii. 33.

Order of Mercy for the Redemption
of Christian Captives, instituted
in 1223, i. 314.

Orlando of Cremona, i. 250.
Orleans, the siege of, in 1428, ii. 84.
Osbert and Ella, iii. 18.

Ostrogoths, character of the dy-
nasty of the, i. 3.

Osulf, the first earl of Northumbria,
ni. 28.

Oswald, king of Bernicia, his exer-
tions for the diffusion of Christi-
anity in Northumbria, iii. 179.
Oswio, king of Northumbria, iii. 13.
Otho Í., emperor of Germany, i. 26.
His coronation at Rome, ii. 96.
Otho II., ii. 96.

Otho III., ii. 96.

Otho IV., ii. 104.

Otho Visconti, i. 62.
Otho of Brunswick, i. 136.

Otho, the historian of Lodi, i. 240.
Otranto, i. 109.

Ottocar, king of Bohemia; his de-
feat and death, ii. 113.

Padua, i. 95.

P.

Pagano della Torre, lord of Valus-
sina, i. 53. Made a tribune of the
people of Milan, 54.
Pandects, discovery of, at Amalfi,
i. 243.

Pandolf IV., prince of Capua, i. 112.
Paolo Fregoso, archbishop of Ge-
noa, doge, captain of a banditti,and
a corsair-chief; his government;
becomes a pirate; invested with
the dignity of cardinal, i. 84.
Placed at the head of the papal
fleet; renounces his ducal dig.
nity; retires to Rome, i. 85.
Parliament, creation of, iii. 117.

Constitution and functions of, 119.
Knights and burgesses first sum-
moned to; opposition of, to_the
rapacity of the crown, 122. Pro-
gress of the house of commons,

137. Observations on the house
of commons, 143. The constitu-
tion of the house of lords, 147.
And on the king's council, 149.
Parma, the duchy of, i. 33.
Pascal II., pope, i. 15.

Paschasius Radbert, abbot of Cor-
bey, ii. 254.

Paul III., pope, i. 93. 170.
Paul IV., pope, i. 170.
Paul, the deacon, i. 229.
Paulicians, the, i. 296.

Paulinus, patriarch of Aquileia;
his works published at Venice in
1437, i. 232.

Paulinus, bishop of Kent, confessor
of Ethelberga, queen of Northum-
bria, iii. 172. Miracles ascribed
to; obtains the archbishopric of
York, 177.

Paulus, Warnefredus, the Lombard
historian, author of De Gestis
Longobardorum, i. 230.

Pavia, i. 33.

Peada, the first Christian sovereign
of Mercia, iii. 14.
His conver-
sion, 182.

Pedro I. of Aragon, son-in-law of
Manfred, assumes the crown of
Sicily; his death, i. 131.

Pedro II. of Aragon, king of Sicily,
i. 133. Agrees to hold Aragon as
a fief to the holy see, 277.
Pedro III. of Aragon, i. 277.
Pedro IV. of Aragon, i. 278.
Pedro the Cruel, king of Castile
and Leon, i. 268.

Pedro Nolasco, a gentleman of Lan-
guedoc, receives the habit of the
order of mercy, i. 314.
Pelagius II., pope, i. 143.
Pelavicini, marquis, a feudal baron,
podesta of Cremona, Novara,
Brescia, and other places, i. 60.
Pelayo, king of the Asturias, i. 260.
Penda, king of Mercia, invasion of
Norway by, iii. 13. Defeat and
death of, 182.

Pentapolis, the, i. 108.

Pepin, mayor of the palace, gover-
nor of Neustria, ii. 14. His vic-
tories over the Frisons, 16. Pro-
claimed king of the Franks, 28.
Death of, in 768, 29.

Pertaris, king of Lombardy, i. 7.
Peter the Lombard, his origin; his
death, in 1160; his works; his
book of sentences, i. 237.
Peter Grossolano, archbishop of
Milan, i. 238.

Peter the Deacon; his biography
of the illustrious men of Monte
Casino, i. 239.

Peter, monk of Vaulx-Cornay; his
account of the Albigenses, i. 293.

Petrarch, i. 253.

Philip, emperor of Germany, i. 162.
Philip L., king of France, ii. 52.
Philip II., king of France; his suc-
cesses against John, king of Eng-
land; he conquers the whole of
Normandy, ii, 56.

Philip III, king of France, sur-
named le Hardi, ii. 74.

Philip IV., king of France, ii. 74.
His marriage with Jeanne of Na-
varre; his persecution of the
Templars, 76. Abolishes the order
of the Templars; his death, 77.
Philip V., le Long, king of France,

ii. 77.

Philip V., count de Valois, suc-
ceeds to the throne of France;
his claims opposed by Edward III.
of England, ii. 79.

Philip, duke of Burgundy, joins
the English, to avenge the death
of his father, ii. 84.

Philip de Broc, a canon of Bedford;
his guilt and punishment, iv. 181.
Picts, expulsion of, from Britain,
iii. 6.

Pierre de Bruis, a leader of the
Manichæans, i. 299.

Pisa and Genoa, the republics of,
origin and early history of, i. 74.
Early constitution of, 76. Ruin-
ous war of, 79. Becomes obnoxi-
ous to the Guelfs of Tuscany, 80.
War of, with Aragon; taken by
the Florentines, 83. A general
council convoked at, in 1409,
168.

Pius V., pope, i. 32.

Podesta, the, a new dignitary intro.
duced by Frederic, i. 37.
Poggio Bracciolini, i. 253.
Politian, i. 255.

Popes, original dependence of, on
the emperors, i. 141. Commence-
ment of the temporal sovereignty
of, 142. Dreadful vices of, 145.
Portugal, constitution of, i. 282.
Premonstratensians, the foundation
of the order of, by St. Norbert,
ii. 295.

R.

Rabanus Maurus, archbishop of
Mayence, ii. 254.
Rachis, king of Lombardy, i. 7.
Ragnar Lodbrog, a famous Danish
pirate, iii. 18.

Rainolf, a Norman knight, invest-
ed with the lordship of Aversa,
i. 112.
Ralf, surnamed Flambard, the fa-
vourite minister of William

Rufus, iv. 146. His character;
becomes prime minister of Eng-
land, 147. His unpopularity, 148.
Projects formed for his destruc-
tion; obtains the bishopric of
Durham, 149.

Ramiro I., the monk, king of Ara-
gon, i. 275.

Ramsey, the monastery of, found-
ation of, by St. Oswald, iii. 284.
Ratramnus or Bertram, a monk or
Corbey, his work on the Real
Presence in the Eucharist, iii.
334.

Raymund I., of Burgundy, created
count of Galicia, i. 262.

Raymundo II., sovereign count of
Barcelona, i. 275.

Raymundo III., sovereign count of
Barcelona, i. 275.

Raymundo IV., sovereign count of
Barcelona, i. 275.

Raymundo V., sovereign count of
Barcelona, marriage of, to Petro-
nilla, heiress of Aragon, i. 275.
Redwald, king of the East Angles;
his generous protection of Edwin,
prince of Deira, iii. 12.
Reggio, i. 33.
Regius, i. 245.

Reinulf II., count of Aquitaine, ii.
47.

René d'Anjou, king of Naples, i.
139. Death of, ii. 86.

Rialto, foundation of the city of, i.
95. Receives the name of Venice,
96.
Ricardo de St. Germano, an, histo-
rian, i. 251.

Richard I. of England, accession
of, iii. 91. His death, 92.
Richard II., king of England, son
of the Black Prince; his tragical
death, iii. 96.

Richard III., king of England, iii.

141.

Richard II., duke of Normandy,
iii. 33.
Richard, count of Aversa, i. 115.
Richard, earl of Cornwall, i. 163.
Ricordano Malaspini, i. 251.
Robert, emperor, invades Italy,
i. 68.

Robert, king of Naples, i. 134.
Robert II., king of France, ii. 53.
Robert, count palatine of the
Rhine, elected emperor of Ger-
many, ii. 115.

Robert of Arbrissel, founds the
order of Fontevraud; becomes
archdeacon of Rennes; his ef
forts to reform the church, ii.
290. His policy, 291.

Robert, eldest son of William the
Conqueror, iii. 85.