Mexican coast. For, where the present-day Cantonese go, as settlers, they will assuredly take root, and where they take root they will speedily increase and multiply.

"In the Chinese people's collective aversion to starvation, and in their partial but increasing perception of ways and means to avert that unpleasant end, by processes of 'peaceful penetration' beyond China's frontiers, we may perceive, I think, dimly outlined against the horizon of the future, the Yellow Peril racial."

The Asiatic question is certain to arise sooner or later in South America. At present Brazil's attitude toward the Japanese is in striking contrast to that of California. A Tokyo newspaper reports that the State of São Paulo offers abundant grants of land, the establishment of agricultural experiment stations and schools at the cost of the government, and the payment by the government of the expenses of transportation. Several Japanese agents have made a careful study of the soil and climatic conditions in São Paulo. One of these Japanese agricultural experts stated recently that there were

four thousand Japanese immigrants in Brazil,-that both government and public were decidedly friendly toward the Japanese, and that the Brazilian people entertained no prejudice against them. Furthermore, they are not discriminated against in the matter of naturalization. Any Japanese who owns land in Brazil, or who has married a Brazilian wife, may become a citizen.

Argentina is also friendly toward the Japanese. The annual commercial value of her products is over $150 per capita, a remarkable result of the efforts of a country which still has enormous areas of unoccupied land. Nothing could give more eloquent proof of the splendor of the national patrimony. This also indicates the immense value of immigration to Argentina, as it is obvious that every citizen is of great potential importance and can be of mutual advantage both to himself and to the state.

Three years ago, speaking at a meeting in Tokyo of the South America Society, the Argentine Chargé d'Affaires is reported as praising his country as open to all the world, “unlike that great power in North

America, which closed its doors under the Monroe Doctrine."

The confusion in Baron de Marchi's mind, whereby our Asiatic exclusion policy is considered to be part of the Monroe Doctrine, shows how inclusive and representative of our foreign policy this shibboleth has become.

A French writer, looking on the turning of the tide of Asiatic emigration from North to South America, wrote in a contemporary periodical: "Perhaps the day may come when the competition of Japanese labor will provoke, here as elsewhere, rivalries and distrust; but at present it is almost nil. In this vast colonization field of Latin America the Japanese can themselves take part in the cultivation of waste lands, enlarging the circle of their activity, and promoting their interests and their influence, for the greater glory of the Land of the Rising Sun."

The incomparable advantages of the South American east coast and the tremendous possibilities here for the immigrant have led the Japanese government to subsidize a direct steamship service via the Cape of

Good Hope. Another Japanese line running via Honolulu taps the west coast. Already there is hardly a city in Peru that has not a Japanese barber shop. And the Peruvians are beginning to protest.

Is the western hemisphere to become Orientalized? The people of Asia may be welcome to-day and unwelcome to-morrow. Are they to come without limit? If we decide that they should enter, well and good; but if we decide against such a policy, we shall be in a much stronger position to carry out that plan if we have united with the "ABC" powers.

If we still fear aggression, and desire to prevent a partition of South America on the lines of the partition of Africa, let us bury the Monroe Doctrine and declare an entirely new policy, a policy that is based on intelligent appreciation of the present status of the leading American powers; let us declare our desire to join with the "ABC" powers in protecting the weaker parts of America against any imaginable aggressions by the European or Asiatic nations.

VIII

There is another side to the question: some of the defenders of the Monroe Doctrine state quite frankly that they are selfish, and that from the selfish point of view, the Monroe Doctrine should at all costs be maintained. They argue that our foreign commerce would suffer were Europe permitted to have a free hand in South America. Even on this very point it seems to me that they make a serious mistake.

You can seldom sell goods to a man who dislikes you except when you have something which is far better or cheaper than he can get anywhere else. Furthermore, if he distrusts you, he is not going to judge your goods fairly, or to view the world's market with an unprejudiced eye. This can scarcely be denied. Every one knows that a friendly smile or cordial greeting and the maintenance of friendly relations are essential to

holding one's customers." Accordingly, it seems that even from this selfish point of view, which some Americans are willing to take, it is absolutely against our own inter