THE MONROE DOCTRINE AN OBSOLETE SHIBBOLETH BY HIRAM BINGHAM NEW HAVEN YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON HUMPHREY MILFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS ΤΟ THE RIGHT HONOURABLE JAMES BRYCE IN GRATEFUL RECOGNITION OF THE INSPIRATION WHICH HAS COME FROM HIS FRIENDSHIP AND COUNSEL PREFACE FOR the past five years I have felt that conditions in South America were such that we ought to adopt a new foreign policy. In 1908 I learned how strongly and with how much reason the people of Argentina and Chile detested the Monroe Doctrine. Two years ago, in "Across South America," I ventured to say: "On mature consideration it does seem as though the justification for the Monroe Doctrine both in its original and its present form had passed. In lecturing on the relations between South America and the United States, and in conversation with public men incidental to four journeys in the Southern continent, the importance of securing general recognition of the obsolete character of this national shibboleth has been borne in on me. When the Editor of the "Atlantic Monthly" asked me to put my ideas into the form of an essay I welcomed the opportunity. The cordial response to that article is so |