SEC. 587. All stock of any such corporation, issued at a transfer agency, must be signed by the president and secretary of the corporation, and countersigned at the time of its issue by the agent having charge of the transfer agency. No stock must be issued at a transfer agency unless the certificate of stock, in lieu of which the same is issued, is at the time surrendered for cancellation.

NOTE.-Stats. 1871-72, p. 413:

AN ACT for the protection of miners. (Approved March 16, 1872; Civil Code, p. 139.)

SECTION 1. It shall not be lawful for any corporation, association, owner, or owners of any quartz-mining claims within the state of California, where such corporation, association, owner, or owners employ twelve men daily, to sink down into such mine or mines any perpendicular shaft or incline beyond a depth from the surface of three hundred feet without providing a second mode of egress from such mine, by shaft or tunnel, to connect with the main shaft at a depth of not less than one hundred feet from the surface.

SEC. 2. It shall be the duty of each corporation, association, owner, or owners of any quartz-mine or mines in this state, where it becomes necessary to work such mines beyond the depth of three hundred feet, and where the number of men employed therein daily shall be twelve or more, to proceed to sink another shaft or construct a tunnel so as to connect with the main working shaft of such mine as a mode of escape from underground accident or otherwise. And all corporations, associations, owner, or owners of mines as aforesaid, working at a greater depth than three hundred feet, not having any other mode of egress than from the main shaft, shall proceed as herein provided.

SEC. 3. When any corporation, association, owner, or owners of any quartz-mine in this state shall fail to provide for the proper egress as herein contemplated, and where any accident shall occur, or any miner working therein shall be hurt or injured, and from such injury might have escaped if the second mode of egress had existed, such corporation, association, owner, or owners of the mine where the injuries shall have occurred shall be liable to the person injured in all damages that may accrue by reason thereof; and an action at law in a court of competent jurisdiction may be maintained against the owner or owners of such mine, which owners shall be jointly or severally liable for such damages. And where death shall ensue from injuries received from any negligence on the part of the owners thereof, by reason of their failure to comply with any of the provisions of this act, the heirs or relatives surviving the deceased may commence an action for the recovery of such damages as provided by an act entitled "An act requiring compensation for causing death by wrongful act, neglect, or default", approved April twenty-sixth, eighteen hundred and sixty-two.

SEC. 4. This act shall take effect and be in force six months from and after its passage.

NOTE.-Stats. 1871-'72, p. 443:

AN ACT supplemental to an act entitled An act concerning corporations, passed twenty-second April, one thousand eight hundred and fifty. (Approved March 21, 1872; Civil Code, p. 140.)

SECTION 1. On petition of the majority of the shareholders of any corporation formed for the purpose of mining to the county judge of the county where said corporation has its principal place of business, verified by the signers, to the effect that they are severally the holders on the books of the company of the number of shares set opposite their signatures to the foregoing petition, the county judge shall issue his notice to the shareholders of said company that a meeting of the shareholders will be held, stating the time, not less than five nor more than ten days after the first publication of such notice, and the place of meeting within said county, and the object to be to take into consideration the removal of officers of said company; which notice, signed by the said county judge, shall be published daily in one or more daily newspapers published in said county for at least five days before the time for the meeting. SEC. 2. At the time and place appointed by said notice those claiming to be shareholders who shall assemble shall proceed to organize by the appointment of a chairman and secretary, and thereupon those claiming to be shareholders shall present proof thereof, and only those showing a right to vote shall take part in the further proceedings. If it appears that at the time appointed, or within one hour thereafter, shareholders of less than one-half the shares are present, no further proceedings shall be had, but the meeting shall be ipso-facto dissolved: Provided, however, That by a vote of the holders of two-thirds of the capital stock of the corporations aforesaid, the board of trustees may be required to furnish to the meeting a written detailed statement and account of the affairs, business, and property of the corporation; but if the holders of more than two-thirds of the shares are present they shall proceed to vote, the secretary calling the roll and the members voting yea or no, as the case may be. The secretary shall enter the same upon his list, and when he has added up the list and stated the result, he shall sign the same and hand it to the chairman, who shall also sigu the same and declare the result.

SEC. 3. If the result of the vote is that the holders of a majority of all the shares of the company are in favor of the removal of one or more of the officers of the company, the meeting shall then proceed to ballot for officers to supply the vacancies thus created. Tellers shall be appointed by the chairman, who shall collect the ballots and deliver them to the secretary, who shall count the same in open session, and, having stated the result of the count in writing, shall sign the same and hand it to the chairman, who shall announce the result to the meeting.

SEC. 4. A report of the proceedings of the meeting shall be made in writing, signed by the chairman and secretary and verified by them, and delivered to the county judge, who shall thereupon issue to each person chosen a certificate of his election, and shall also issue an order requiring that all books, papers, and all property and effects be immediately delivered to the officers elect, and the petition and report, indorsed with the date and fact of the issuance of such certificate and order, shall be delivered to the county clerk to be by him filed in his office, and thereafter the persons thus elected officers shall be the duly-elected officers and hold office until the next regular annual meeting, unless removed under the provisions hereof.

SEC. 5. For all services in these proceedings the county clerk shall receive ten dollars on the issuance of the notice and ten dollars on the issuance of the certificates.

SEC. 6. All acts or parts of acts conflicting with this act are hereby repealed.

SEC. 7. This act shall take effect immediately.

PART II, TITLE II, CHAP. II.-THE TIME OF COMMENCING ACTIONS FOR THE RECOVERY OF REAL PROPERTY. (Hittell's Codes and Stats., vol. 2, p. 951.)

SECTION 318. No action for the recovery of real property, or for the recovery of the possession thereof, can be maintained, unless it appear that the plaintiff, his ancestor, predecessor, or grantor was seized or possessed of the property in question within five years before the commencement of the action.

SEC. 319. No cause of action, or defense to an action, arising out of the title to real property, or to rents or profits out of the same, can be effectual, unless it appear that the person prosecuting the action, or making the defense, or under whose title the action is prosecuted or the defense is made, or the ancestor, predecessor, or grantor of such person was seized or possessed of the premises in question within five years before the commencement of the act in respect to which such action is prosecuted or defense made.

SEC. 320. No entry upon real estate is deemed sufficient or valid as a claim, unless an action be commenced thereupon within one year after making such entry, and within five years from the time when the right to make it descended or accrued.

SEC. 321. In every action for the recovery of real property, or the possession thereof, the person establishing a legal title to the property is presumed to have been possessed thereof within the time required by law, and the occupation of the property by any other person is deemed to have been under and in subordination to the legal title, unless it appear that the property has been held and possessed adversely to such legal title for five years before the commencement of the action.

PART II, TITLE IX.-OF THE EXECUTION OF THE JUDGMENT IN CIVIL ACTIONS.

vol. 2, p. 1005.)

(Hittel's Codes and Stats.,

CHAP. I.-The execution.

SECTION 690. The following property is exempt from execution, except as herein otherwise specially provided: 5. The cabin or dwelling of a miner, not exceeding in value the sum of five hundred dollars; also, his sluices, pipes, hose, windlass, derrick, cars, pumps, tools, implements, and appliances necessary for carrying on any mining operations, not exceeding in value the aggregate sum of five hundred dollars; and two horses, mules, or oxen, with their harness; and food for such horses, mules, or oxen for one month, when necessary to be used in any whim, windlass, derrick, car, pump, or hoisting gear.

PART II, TITLE X, CHAP. III.—OF CIVIL ACTIONS. (Hittell's Codes and Stats., vol. 2, p. 1018.) SECTION 748. In actions respecting mining-claims, proof must be admitted of the customs, usages, or regulations established and in force at the bar or diggings embracing such claim; and such customs, usages, or regulations, when not in conflict with the laws of this state, must govern the decision of the action.

CALIFORNIA CODES, 1873: GENERAL STATUTES CONTINUED IN FORCE AND NOT AFFECTED BY THE PROVISIONS OF THE CODES.

AN ACT to provide for the formation of corporations for certain purposes. (Approved April 14, 1853, p. 214.)

SECTION 1. Corporations for manufacturing, mining, mechanical, mercantile, wharfing, and docking, or chemical purposes, or for the purpose of engaging in any other species of trade, business, or commerce, foreign or domestic, may be formed according to the provisions of this act; such corporations, and the members thereof, being subject to all the conditions and liabilities herein imposed, and to none others.

NOTE.-Amendment approved March 5, 1864, Stats. 1863-'64, p. 149, repealed all acts and parts of acts inconsistent therewith.

SEC. 2. Any three or more persons who may desire to form a company for any one or more of the purposes specified in the preceding section, may make, sign, and acknowledge, before some officer competent to take the acknowledgment of deeds, and file in the office of the county clerk of the county in which the principal place of business of the company is intended to be located, and a certified copy thereof, under the hand of the clerk, and seal of the county court of said county, in the office of the secretary of state, a certificate in writing, in which shall be stated the corporate name of the company, the objects for which the company shall be formed, the amount of its capital stock, the time of its existence, not to exceed fifty years, the number of shares of which the stock shall consist, the number of trustees, and their names, who shall manage the concerns of the company for the first three months, and the names of the city, or town, and county in which the principal place of business of the company is to be located. (Amendment approved March 7, 1859, p. 93.)

SEC. 3. A copy of any certificate of incorporation, filed in pursuance of this act, and certified by the county clerk of the county in which it is filed, or his deputy, or by the secretary of state, shall be received in all courts and places as presumptive evidence of the facts therein stated.

SEC. 4. When the certificate shall have been filed the persons who shall have signed and acknowledged the same, and their successors, shall be a body politic and corporate, in fact and in name, by the name stated in the certificate, and by their corporate name have succession for the period limited, and power:

First. To sue and be sued in any court.

Second. To make and use a common seal, and alter the same at pleasure.

Third. To purchase, hold, sell, and convey such real and personal estate as the purposes of the corporation shall require.

Fourth. To appoint such officers, agents, and servants as the business of the corporation shall require; to define their powers, prescribe their duties, and fix their compensation.

Fifth. To require of them such security as may be thought proper for the fulfillment of their duties, and to remove them at will, except that no trustee shall be removed from office unless by a vote of two-thirds of the whole number of trustees, or by a vote of a majority of the trustees, upon a written request signed by stockholders of two-thirds of the whole stock.

Sixth. To make by-laws not inconsistent with the laws of this state for the organization of the company, the management of its property, the regulation of its affairs, the transfer of its stock, and for carrying on all kinds of business within the objects and purposes of the company.

SEC. 5. The corporate powers of the corporation shall be exercised by a board of not less than three trustees, who shall be stockholders in the company, and a majority of them citizens of the United States and residents of this state, and who shall, after the expiration of the term of the trustees first selected, be annually elected by the stockholders at such time and place, and upon such notice and in such mode, as shall be directed by the by-laws of the company; but all elections shall be by ballot, and each stockholder, either in person or by proxy, shall be entitled to as many votes as he owns shares of stock; and the persons receiving the greatest number of votes shall be trustees. When any vacancy shall happen among the trustees, by death, resignation, or otherwise, it shall be filled for the remainder of the year in such manner as may be provided by the by-laws of the company.

SEC. 6. If it should happen, at any time, that an election of trustees shall not be made on the day designated by the by-laws of the company, the corporation shall not for that reason be dissolved, but it shall be lawful on any other day to hold an election for trustees, in such manner as shall be provided for by the by-laws of the company; and all acts of the trustees shall be valid and binding upon the company until their successors shall be elected.

SEC. 7. A majority of the whole number of trustees shall form a board for the transaction of business, and every decision of a majority of the persons duly assembled as a board shall be valid as a corporate act.

SEC. 8. The first meeting of the trustees shall be called by a notice signed by one or more of the persons named trustees in the certificate, setting forth the time and place of the meeting, which notice shall be either delivered personally to each trustee, or published at least ten days in some newspaper of the county in which is the principal place of business of the corporation, or if no newspaper be published in the county, then in some newspaper nearest thereto.

SEC. 9. The stock of the company shall be deemed personal estate, and shall be transferable in such manner

as shall be prescribed by the by-laws of the company; but no transfer shall be valid, except between the parties thereto, until the same shall have been so entered on the books of the company as to show the names of the parties by and to whom transferred, the number and designation of the shares, and the date of the transfer.

SEC. 10. The trustees shall have power to call in and demand from the stockholders the sums by them subscribed at such times and in such payments or installments as they may deem proper. Notice of each assessment shall be given to the stockholders personally, or shall be published once a week, for at least four weeks, in some newspaper published at the place designated as the principal place of business of the corporation; or if none is published there, in some newspaper nearest to such place. If after such notice has been given any stockholder shall make default in the payment of the assessments upon the shares held by him, so many of such shares may be sold as will be necessary for the payment of the assessment on all the shares held by him. The sale of said shares shall be made as prescribed in the by-laws of the company: Provided, That no sale shall be made except at public auction to the highest bidder, after a notice of thirty days, published as above directed in this section; and that at such sale the person who will agree to pay the assessment so due, together with the expenses of advertisement and the other expenses of sale, for the smallest number of whole shares, shall be deemed the highest bidder.

SEC. 11. Whenever any stock is held by any person, as executor, administrator, guardian, or trustee, he shall represent such stock at all meetings of the company, and may vote accordingly as a stockholder.

SEC. 12. Any stockholder may pledge his stock by a delivery of the certificates or other evidence of his interest, but may nevertheless represent the same at all meetings and vote accordingly as a stockholder.

SEC. 13. It shall not be lawful for the trustees to make any dividend, except from the surplus profits arising from the business of the corporation; nor to divide, withdraw, or in any way pay to the stockholders, or any of them, any part of the capital stock of the company; nor to reduce the capital stock, unless in the manner prescribed in this act; and in case of any violation of the provisions of this section, the trustees under whose administration the same may have happened, except those who may have caused their dissent therefrom to be entered at large on the minutes of the board of trustees at the time, or, where not present when the same did happen, shall, in their individual and private capacities, be jointly and severally liable to the corporation, and the creditors thereof in the event of its dissolution, to the full amount so divided, withdrawn, paid out, or reduced: Provided, That this section shall not be construed to prevent a division and distribution of the capital stock of the company which shall remain after the payment of all its debts, upon the dissolution of the corporation or the expiration of its charter.

SEO. 14. The total amount of the debts of the corporation shall not at any time exceed the amount of the capital stock actually paid in; and in case of any excess, the trustees under whose administration the same may have happened, except those who may have caused their dissent therefrom to be entered at large on the minutes of the board of trustees at the time, and except those who were not present when the same did happen, shall, in their individual and private capacities, be liable jointly and severally to the said corporation, and, in the event of its dissolution, to any of the creditors thereof, for the full amount of such excess.

SEC. 15. No corporation organized under this act shall, by any implication or construction, be deemed to possess the power of issuing bills, notes, or other evidences of debt for circulation as money.

SEC. 16. Each stockholder shall be individually and personally liable for his proportion of all the debts and liabilities of the company contracted or incurred during the time that he was a stockholder, for the recovery of which joint or several actions may be instituted and prosecuted. In any such action, whether joint or several, it shall be competent for the defendant or defendants, or any or either of them, on the trial of the same, to offer evidence of the payment by him or them, or any or either of them, of any debts or liabilities of such corporations; and upon proof of such payment, the same shall be taken into account and credited to the party or parties making such payment; and judgment shall not be rendered against the party or parties defendant proving such payment for a sum exceeding the amount of his or their proportion of the debts and liabilities of such incorporations, after deducting therefrom the sums proven to have been paid by him, them, or any or either of them, on account thereof. NOTE.-Amendment approved April 27, 1863, took effect from passage. (Cal. Stats. 1863, p. 736.)

SEO. 17. No person holding stock as executor, administrator, guardian, or trustee, or holding it as collateral security, or in pledge, shall be personally subject to any liability as a stockholder of the company; but the person pledging the stock shall be considered as holding the same, and shall be liable as a stockholder accordingly; and the estate and funds in the hands of the executor, administrator, guardian, or trustee shall be liable in like manner and to the same extent as the testator or intestate, or the ward or person interested in the trust fund, would have been if he had been living and competent to act and hold the stock in his own name.

SEC. 18. It shall be the duty of the trustees of every company incorporated under this act to cause a book to be kept, containing the names of all persons, alphabetically arranged, who are or shall become stockholders of the corporation, and showing the number of shares of stock held by them respectively, and the time when they respectively became the owners of such shares; which book, during the usual business hours of the day, on every day except Sunday and the fourth of July, shall be open for the inspection of stockholders and creditors of the company, at the office or principal place of business of the company; and any stockholder or creditor shall have the right to make extracts from such book, or to demand and receive from the clerk or other officer having charge

of such book, a certified copy of any entry made therein; such book or certified copy of any entry shall be presumptive evidence of the facts therein stated, in any action or proceeding against the company or against only one or more stockholders.

SEC. 19. If the clerk or other officer having charge of such book shall make any false entry, or neglect to make any proper entry therein, or shall refuse or neglect to exhibit the same, or to allow the same to be inspected, or extracts to be taken therefrom, or to give a certified copy of an entry therein, as provided in the preceding section, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall forfeit and pay to the party injured a penalty of one hundred dollars and all damages resulting therefrom; and for neglecting to keep such book for inspection, as aforesaid, the corporation shall forfeit to the people the sum of one hundred dollars for every day it shall so neglect, to be sued for and recovered, in the name of the people, by the district attorney of the county in which the principal place of business of the corporation is located.

SEC. 20. Any company incorporated under this act may, by complying with the provisions herein contained, increase or diminish its capital stock to any amount which may be deemed sufficient and proper for the purposes of the corporation; but before any corporation shall be entitled to diminish the amount of its capital stock, if the amount of its debts and liabilities shall exceed the sum to which the capital is proposed to be diminished, such amount shall be satisfied and reduced so as not to exceed the diminished amount of capital.

SEC. 21. Whenever it is desired to increase or diminish the amount of capital stock a meeting of the stockholders may be called by a notice signed by at least a majority of the trustees, and published for at least four weeks in some newspaper published in the county where the principal place of business of the company is located; which notice shall specify the object of the meeting, the time and place where it is to be held, and the amount to which it is proposed to increase or diminish the capital; and a vote of two-thirds of all the shares of stock shall be necessary to an increase or diminution of the amount of the capital stock.

SEC. 22. If, at any meeting so called, a sufficient number of votes has been given in favor of increasing or diminishing the amount of capital, a certificate of the proceedings, showing a compliance with these provisions, the amount of capital actually paid in, the whole amount of the debts and liabilities of the company, and the amount to which the capital stock is to be increased or diminished, shall be made out, signed, and verified by the affidavit of the chairman and secretary of the meeting, certified by a majority of the trustees, and filed, as required by the second section of this act; and when so filed, the capital stock of the corporation shall be increased or diminished to the amount specified in the certificate.

SEC. 23. Upon the dissolution of any corporation formed under this act, the trustees at the time of the dissolution shall be trustees of the creditors and stockholders of the corporation dissolved, and shall have full power and authority to sue for and recover the debts and property of the corporation, by the name of trustees of such corporation, collect and pay the outstanding debts, settle all its affairs, and divide among the stockholders the money and other property that shall remain after the payment of the debts and necessary expenses.

SEC. 24. Any corporation formed under this act may dissolve and disincorporate itself by presenting to the county judge of the county in which the meetings of the trustees are usually held, a petition to that effect, accompanied by a certificate of its proper officers, and setting forth that, at a general or special meeting of the stockholders, called for that purpose, it was decided by a vote of two-thirds of all the stockholders to disincorporate and dissolve the corporation. Notice of the application shall then be given by the clerk, which notice shall set forth the nature of the application, and shall specify the time and place at which it is to be heard, and shall be published in some newspaper of the county, once a week for four weeks, or, if no newspaper is published in the county, by advertisement posted up for thirty days in three of the most public places in the county. At the time and place appointed, or at any other to which it may be postponed by the judge, he shall proceed to consider the application, and, if satisfied that the corporation has taken the necessary preliminary steps and obtained the necessary vote to dissolve itself, and that all claims against the corporation are discharged, he shall enter an order declaring it dissolved.

SEC. 25. The fifth chapter of an act concerning corporations, passed April twenty-second, one thousand eight hundred and fifty, is repealed; but this repeal shall not be construed to destroy the existence of any company already formed under the provisions of said chapter, nor to affect any right acquired or liability incurred under the same; but as to all such companies the provisions of said chapter shall continue in full force, except in those instances in which any company heretofore incorporated may avail itself of the provisions of the next section of this act.

SEC. 26. Any company incorporated under the said fifth chapter of an act concerning corporations, passed April twenty-second, one thousand eight hundred and fifty, may continue its corporate existence under this act by adopting a resolution to that effect by a vote of two-thirds of all the stockholders, and filing a certificate thereof, signed by its proper officers, in the office of the secretary of state and of the county clerk of the county in which is located the principal place of business of the corporation. From the time of filing the certificate the corporation shall be subject only to the provisions of this act, but the change so made shall not affect any right acquired or liability incurred previously by the corporation.