Preparation of Plasters. Spreading of Plasters. Official Plasters. Prepa- Rules that should be obeyed. I Learn to be neat in all your ways. # Never converse when chefensing medicine. 155 Have every thing in its position on the counter II. Keep your balance deurate and clean; let nothing defile it; give every one his prof proportion I Learn to be quick reffert; do your work well; te interfere with accuratry & er never let haste. good work. no more, no It rever diefence a D of which you are not abes. butely sure; bitter deknowledge ignorame than that any I any should suffer. THE In case if of doubt, consult the frescriber. accessible; Wtherwise take of life. Fever substitute. no risk IX. Always verify your work by calling off & checking with a fellow dispenser; two witnesses errors are lessened tablished When handling foisons, always bear in mind the importance of the work you doing returne every article to its fropflace at once. er Carelessness causes one- half the mis takes, undue haute the remainder. PART I. GENERAL PHARMACY. CHAPTER I. PHARMACOPOEIAS. ALTHOUGH the term Pharmacopoeia (from the Greek pápμakov, medicine, and Toɛiv, to make) is defined by lexicographers as meaning a book of formulas or directions for the preparation of medicines, the word has now received a more liberal construction and is taken to include, besides the foregoing, also descriptions of vegetable as well as mineral and animal drugs, together with appropriate tests for establishing the identity and quality of the same, the whole prepared by some recognized authority. The necessity for a definite and authoritative standard in the selection and preparation of medicines was long since recognized by all civilized nations, thus the London Pharmacopoeia was established in 1618, that of Paris in 1639 and that of Edinburgh in 1699. The first truly national standard was that of France, issued in 1818, which retained the name of its predecessor, the Paris Pharmacopoeia, and is even to-day still known as the Codex Medicamentarius. The first United States Pharmacopoeia was established in 1820, prior to which time various foreign pharmacopoeias had been in use in this country. The British Pharmacopoeia, into which were merged the London, Edinburgh and Dublin (established 1807) Pharmacopoeias, was first issued in 1864, while Germany did not adopt a national standard until 1872, nearly two years after the restoration of the German empire. Owing to the rapid advances in the science of medicine and pharmacy, frequent revisions have become necessary, and the following table shows the date of the last revised editions of the pharmacopoeias of leading nations : The Pharmacopoeia of the United States, although without the power of legal enforcement by act of Government, is, nevertheless, |