Disease thus carried off twice as many victims as violence; or in other words, of every three deaths from known causes, but one was due to violence. This ratio, however, is a very favorable one in a sanitary historical point of view. The black troops lost almost three times as heavily by disease as the whites; the white regulars somewhat less so than the white volunteers.

According to the elaborate tables of the Surgeon-general, among the leading causes of mortality is placed, first, the several forms of dysentery, etc., next come the various types of camp-fever, reported under such heads as typhoid, typhus, remittent, common continued, and typho-malarial fevers. The next most important cause of death was pneumonia, following which are ranged small-pox, varioloid, measles, and consumption.

The largest number of discharges for disability was among the white troops, in consequence of consumption; among the colored troops, in consequence of rheumatism.

The number of rebel troops finally surrendered, was in round numbers 175,000. The number of prisoners in the hands of the National authorities during the last year of the war was 98,802. These were all sent to their homes by the United States. The theatre of the war was in the rebellious States. Their cities were besieged and captured, their territory desolated, and their people suffered all the evils of war at their own homes.

These appalling statistics, so far as we can really appreciate them, show us at what cost of human life the rebellion was put down. It seems sad enough to contemplate this vast number taken from the ranks of the strong, the young, those whose life was most valuable, and to the industries of the country most essential. Yet this is but the unchanged tale of woe that every war brings to the ears of mankind. Grouping with these figures which represent our losses during our great struggle those that show the expense in men and money of other prominent wars, we can better realize what warfare has cost the world.

XVI.

ARMY AND NAVY OFFICERS

"OUR ROLL OF HONOR."

Major-generals.

JOSEPH LANMAN, U. S. N. Appointed Midshipman from the State, January 1, 1825; Passed Midshipman June 4, 1831; commissioned Lieutenant March 3, 1835; Commander September 14, 1855; Captain July 16, 1862; Commodore August 29, 1862 ; commissioned Rear-admiral December 8, 1867.

Brigadier-generals.

DANIEL TYLER, First Regiment Infantry, Colonel April 13, 1861. Promoted Brigadier-general March 13, 1862. Resigned. EDWARD HARLAND, Third Regiment Infantry, Captain May 11, 1861. Sixth Regiment Infantry, Lieutenant-colonel August 30, 1861; Eighth Regiment Infantry, Colonel October 5, 1861 ; promoted Brigadier-general November 29, 1862. Resigned June 20, 1865.

HENRY W. BIRGE (by brevet Major-general), Fourth Regiment Infantry (changed to First Heavy Artillery), Major May 23, 1861; Thirteenth Regiment Infantry, Colonel November 2, 1861; promoted Brigadier-general September 19, 1863 ; appointed while in the service, Brevet Major-general February 26, 1865; Resigned October 18, 1865.

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Colonels.

WILLIAM G. ELY (by brevet Brigadier-general), Brigade Commissary (rank of Captain) May 28, 1861, and Vol. A. D. C. Staff Colonel E. D. Keyes, Battle Bull Run; Sixth Regiment Infantry, Lieutenant-colonel September 4, 1861; Eighteenth Regiment Infantry, Colonel July 24, 1862 ; Brevet Brigadier-general March 12, 1865. Resigned September 18, 1864.

JOHN E. WARD, Third Regiment Infantry, First Lieutenant. May, 1861; Eighth Regiment Infantry, Captain, September 21, 1861; Major, March 28, 1862; Lieutenant-colonel, December 23, 1862; Colonel, April 2, 1863. Mustered out March 14, 1865.

ALFRED P. ROCKWELL (by brevet Brigadier-general), First Light Battery, Captain January 21, 1862; Sixth Regiment Infantry, Colonel June 11, 1864; appointed Brevet Brigadier-general March 13, 1865. Honorably discharged February 9, 1865.

HIRAM B. CROSBY, Twenty-first Regiment Infantry, Adjutant August 22, 1862; Major September 3, 1862; Lieutenant-colonel June 8, 1864; Colonel June 27, 1864. Honorably discharged September 14, 1864.

HENRY CASE (by brevet Brigadier-general), Fourteenth Regiment Infantry, Illinois, First Lieutenant May 3, 1861; promoted Captain November 25, 1861; Seventh Regiment Cavalry, Major February 1, 1862. Resigned April 24, 1862. One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Regiment Infantry, Lieutenant-colonel September 8, 1862; promoted Colonel May 8, 1863; appointed Brevet Brigadier-general (while in service) March 16, 1865. Mustered out June 8, 1865.

Lieutenant-colonels.

DAVID YOUNG, Second Regiment Infantry, Lieutenant-colonel May 7, 1861. Honorably discharged August 7, 1861.

JOSEPH SELDEN, Twenty-sixth Regiment Infantry, Captain September 6, 1862; Lieutenant-colonel September 22, 1862. Honorably discharged August 17, 1863.

CHARLES FARNSWORTH, First Regiment Cavalry, Adjutant October 19, 1861; Captain November 26, 1861; Major March

21, 1863; Lieutenant-colonel January 18, 1864. Resigned May 17, 1864.

HENRY PEALE, Second Regiment Infantry, Captain May 7, 1861; Eighteenth Regiment Infantry, Captain August 8, 1862; Major May 20, 1863; Lieutenant-colonel September 24, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865.

DAVID TORRANCE, Twenty-ninth Regiment Infantry, Captain January 6, 1864; Major July 21, 1864; Lieutenant-colonel November 24, 1864. Mustered out October 24, 1865.

CALVIN GODDARD, Twelfth Regiment Infantry, Ohio, commissioned First Lieutenant and A. D. C. staff of General Rosecrans January 9, 1862; appointed A. D. C. by President Lincoln on staff of Major-general Rosecrans (with rank of Major) November 14, 1862; appointed A. A. G. (with rank of Lieutenantcolonel) January 23, 1863. Resigned October, 1863.

Majors.

THOMAS MAGUIRE, Second Regiment Heavy Artillery, N. Y., Captain November 1, 1861; Major June 14, 1862. Discharged August 24, 1863. Re-commissioned.

JAMES H. COIT (by brevet Brigadier-general), Fourteenth Regiment, First Lieutenant August 8, 1862; Captain December 20, 1862; Major October 3, 1862; appointed Brevet Lieutenantcolonel, Brevet Colonel, Brevet Brigadier-general March 13, 1865. Resigned September 6, 1864.

FRANK S. BOND, Tenth Regiment Infantry, First Lieutenant March 29, 1862. Resigned February 25, 1863; Major and A. D. C. staff General Rosecrans, March 11, 1863. Resigned December 3, 1864.

JOHN B. DENNIS (by brevet Brigadier-general), Seventh Regiment Infantry, Captain August 26, 1861; Major and Paymaster, U. S. V. January 15, 1865; appointed Brevet Brigadier-general March 13, 1865. Mustered out July 31, 1866.

WILLIAM J. Ross, Twenty-ninth Regiment Infantry, Captain February 3, 1864; Major May 12, 1865. Mustered out October 25, 1865.