Victoria, British Columbia, J. Durham, CanM.

Virginia and Maryland, Boundaries of, G. Thompson, A Mon M.

Vitalism, C. L. Morgan, Mon.

Wage Statistics, Some Valuable, GMag.

Walpole, Horace, After Reading, G. S. Street, FR.

Waring, Colonel, on the Sanitation of Havana, G. E. Hill, F.
War Navies, E. Tournier, RP, December 1.
Warships, Sheathing, G. E. Walsh, NAR.
War with Spain:

An American in Madrid During the War, E. Kelly, CM.
A Ride Into Cuba for the Red Cross, C. R. Gill, Scrib.
Engineers of the Fifth Army Corps, T. H. Rees, JMSI.
Naval Lessons of the War, H. W. Wilson, Harp.

Our Diplomacy in the Spanish War, H. Macfarland, AMRR.

Our War With Spain-IV., R. H. Titherington, MM. Personal Narrative of the "Maine"-III., C. D. Sigsbee, CM.

Shall the Treaty Be Confirmed? GMag.

Sinking of the "Merrimac "-II.. R. P. Hobson, CM.
Sinking of the "Merrimac," O. W. Deignan, FrL.
The Day of Battle, S. Bonsal, McCi.

The Fighting Engineers at Santiago, A. Warren, EngM.
The Naval Campaign of 1898 in the West Indies, S. A.
Staunton, Harp.

The Red Cross in the Spanish War, Margherita A. Hamin, AMRR.

The Rough Riders, T. Roosevelt, Scrib.

The War on the Sea and Its Lessons-II., A. T. Mahan, McCl.

Waterloo, Before and After, Count of Blacas and Duke of Wellington, RP, January 1.

Wealth, A Definition of. S. K. Davis, Met, December.

Wealth and Warfare-III., H. H. Powers, AAPS.

Weather-Making, F. Banfield, Cass.

Wei-Hai-Wei as It is Now, USM.

Whaling, The Romance of, M. Rees, GM.

Whittier, A Visit to, E. Gosse, Bkman.

Wilcox, Ella Wheeler, at Home, Jane Marlin, NatM.

Woman, The Newspaper, Elizabeth C. Jordan, LHJ.

Woman, The Overtaught, H. T. Peck, Cos.

Women as Letter-Writers, Edith Sichel, C.

Women in Politics, Clara Lanza, FrL.

Women in the Post-Office, CJ.

Women of the American Revolution, The, Olive A. Lincoln, AMonM.

Women's Home Industries in London, F. W. Newland, LH.

Women's Work in Germany, St. Honoré, YW.

Women, Some American, in Science-II., Mrs. M. B. Williamson, Chaut.

Women, The Barbarian Status of, T. Veblen, AJS.
Women, The Charitable Work of, S. L. Emery, CW.
Wood, Leonard, T. Roosevelt, Out.

World-Wanderer, Impressions of a, J. F. Fraser, CR.

VOL. XIX.

No. 3.

Our New War in the Philippines.

The most absorbing news of the month of February for the people of the United States was that which came from the Philippine Islands. The army of Philippine insurgents, under the command of Aguinaldo and his coterie of native leaders, had precipitated a night attack upon the American forces in possession of Manila. Far from being off their guard and unprepared, the American troops faced the emergency with a coolness, promptness, and aggressive vigor that the assailants were wholly unable to resist. This conflict began late on the night of Saturday, the 4th. Not only was Maj. Gen. Elwell S. Otis, with his brigade commanders, in perfect readiness for action, but Admiral Dewey was equally prepared to render most effective aid. It was necessary, of course, for the ships to wait until daylight Sunday morning; but as soon as possible after dawn the navy began a firing of deadly accuracy into the trenches of the insurgent army. In this business the monitor Monadnock was especially active, and the other vessels engaged were the cruiser Charleston, the gunboat Concord, and two gunboats that had been captured from the Spaniards, and now had real gunners on board.

The rout of the insurgents was comAguinaldo's Discom- plete, and it was reported on Monday fiture. that the number of Filipinos killed, wounded, and taken prisoners would probably amount to 4,000; while about 50 American officers and men had been killed and about three times as many wounded. The total strength of the Filipinos under arms in the neighborhood of Manila was estimated at about 30,000, of whom some 20,000 are supposed to have engaged in battle. The men of the Eighth Army Corps under General Otis who participated in the fighting numbered about 13,000. Considerable masses of insurgent trocps reintrenched themselves at points lying several miles out of Manila, and the American army was obliged to follow

up the main engagement of Saturday and Sunday by battles which, if they had occurred otherwise than as subsidiary to so large an engagement, would have been deemed of no little importance. The upshot of the matter was that the insurgents, although fighting with intelligence and brav ery, were wholly unable at any point to make a successful stand against the American soldiers, even though our troops were in much smaller numbers; and thus within a week the muchvaunted army of Aguinaldo had been thoroughly defeated, totally demoralized, and virtually dissipated and scattered. It had no resource left but guerilla fighting from swamps and hills.

proportion of the losses. A majority of the regiments at Manila were enlisted west of the Missouri River. The two divisions of the Eighth Army Corps are commanded by Maj.-Gens. Thomas M. Anderson and Arthur MacArthur. Each division is made up of two brigades, with Brig. Gens. Harrison G. Otis, Samuel Ovenshine, Charles King, and Irving Hale in command. These are some of the excellent officers who-with many others competent to lead large bodies of troops-are now having experience of warfare which will give them great potential value to the United States in years to come. While scientific study such as our officers pursue at West Point and in the military school that General Otis himself established at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, is indispensable and must be henceforth cultivated more than ever, there is, after all, no great war school but war itself. To have led men in actual fighting is what makes a general. The tuition of the past year has vastly increased our strength for possible future warfare. Certainly we have no anticipation of war on a large scale; but the world's knowledge of our ability to fight-and, above all, its knowledge that we have the men who can handle fleets with deadly efficiency and lead soldiers into battle with the certainty of success-is the greatest factor in our security.

The military facts about this unfortu A Vindication of the Ameri- nate war between the forces of the can Army. United States and those of the Philippine insurgents are certainly important; and it

No

is proper in the highest sense that the admirable work of our soldiers, from General Otis down to the men in the ranks, should have the fullest credit and recognition. Any mistakes of organization or method in the Santiago campaign of last summer which might have seemed to reflect upon the army of the United States must be regarded as fairly atoned for by the machine-like precision and truly American efficiency of organization and management that characterized the fighting of last month in the Philippines. one entitled to be taken seriously has ever cast aspersions upon the bravery of American soldiers, nor yet upon their unequaled individual excellence. In the Philippines, where our soldiers have had some long months for drill and discipline, and where our officers also have had due opportunity to become acquainted with their environment and the conditions under which warfare would have to be waged, there have been exhibited as fine military qualities as could be asked. The rebels were not fighting Spaniards.

General Otis.

Elsewhere in this number of the REVIEW there will be found a sketch of General Otis, with remarks upon the account he has given of himself in these last few weeks. It is enough to say that General Otis, who, like Admiral Dewey, is a quiet, unostentatious man, is a credit to his country and to its armed services. He has made himself of great value not merely in the immediate fact of his victories over the Filipinos, but also in the enhanced respect for the quality and character of