SECTION ELEVATION OF CAST IRON SULFONATING KETTLE WITH SYPHON DISCHARGE

CAST IRON JACKETED COMBINATION SULPHONATING AND NITRATING KETTLE, WITH AGITATOR AND SYPHON DISCHARGE. Capacity 321 gal., weight 8,000 lbs., outside diameter 5 ft., height over all 6 ft. 8 in., can be built for $650.00 including pattern work.

8 sheets of detal drawings and names of manufacturers who have submitted bids are furnished.

The same kettle with 4 way yoke support for agitator drive, same price. Or either style of kettle with valve outlet in bottom, instead of syphon discharge, same price.

Price of either set of these drawings, $100.00.

designation for it is Sapocarbol.

Anthrasol is a preparation of Tar-Oils containing Phenol, and used for therapeutic purposes.

Lysoform is Lysol and Formaldehyde.

Lysosulfol is a Sulphur compound of Lysol.

Carbollysoform is Lysoform and crude Carbolic Acid. Non-poisonous disinfectants called Oxychinaseptol or Diaphtherin are made from Phenol and Oxyquinoline.

Solveol for surgical purposes is Sodium Salicylate and Cresol. The Sozoiodols of Trommsdorf unite the action of Iodoform with that of Carbolic Acid in the treatment of wounds.

Phenosalyl is a mixture of Carbolic Acid, Salicylic Acid, Lactic Acid, Menthol, Glycerin and Borax.

Microsol is a solution of Cupric Sulphate containing free Sulphuric Acid and 10% Cupric Phenolsulphonate.

Sanatolyse consists of Carbolic Acid, Sulphuric Acid and Ferrous Sulphate.

Metakalin in the form of tablets contain Phenol (B. P. 9953, 1904).

Sozal (Scherges, Pharm. Zeit., 1892, 489) is Aluminum paraphenosulphonate and more efficacious than Aluminum Acetate in the treatment of ulcers.

Salol is Salicylic Acid fused with Phenol and then heated with Phosphorus Oxychloride (Neucki), it is Phenylate of Salicylic Acid.

Aspirin is Acetylsalicylic Acid and is made by heating Salicylic Acid with Acetic Anhydride, or Acetyl Chloride, and recrystallizing from Chloroform. (U. S. Pat., 749,980), (Eng. Pat., 15,517, 1902.)

Phenol-Zinc solutions are used in preserving timbers from decay and dry rot (Chem. Zeit., 1885, 602).

Phenol yields Phenol Carboxylic Acid with Carbon Tetrachloride and Sodium Hydroxide.

Phenol Aldehydes are produced from Phenol, Chloroform and Caustic Soda (Salicylaldehyde).

Phenol condenses with Formaldehyde to Phenol Alcohols (Seligenine).

Heating Phenol with Malic Acid and Sulphuric Acid produces Coumarine.

Dyestuffs belonging to the Aurine series are obtained from Phenol and Benzotrichloride.

Hydrogen Dioxide converts Phenol into Catechol, Hydroquinone and Quinone.

By the action of Fused Sodium Hydroxide on Phenol, Phloro

glucinol, Catechol and Resorcinol are formed with other products. A liquid Phenol soap of 12% strength is made by mixing Carbolic Acid, Caustic Potash, Oleic Acid and water (Chem. Ind., 1897, 346).

Helmers makes Phenol soluble by means of the Sulphonic Acid of mineral or Resin Oil (Ger. Pats., 76,133 and 80,260).

Ortho-Oxyquinoline is employed by Fritzsche (Ger. Pat., 88,520) in dissolving Phenol in all proportions in water.

Alb. Friedlander (Ger. Pat., 181,288) makes Phenol soluble in water by adding small quantities of Sulphonic Acids or Sulphonates.

Hiscott (B. P. 20,246, 1896) mixes 50 to 100 parts commercial Carbolic Acid with half its weight of melted Resin, sufficient concentrated Caustic Soda solution, and 7 to 8 parts of Cotton-seed or Cocoanut Oil, to make the Phenol soluble.

Jeyes (B. P. 16,427, 1885) saponifies Carbolic Acid and Cocoanut oil, by Caustic Soda, and makes the product more soluble by adding Sodium Sulphate, or Carbonate, during the fusion.

Hargreaves (B. P. 18,469, 1889) employs the Chlorinated Phenols or their salts for the same purpose.

Carbolic Acid soap is sold to contain from 10 to 20% of Phenol, but usually contains much less and loses a part by evaporation (Allen's Org. Anal.).

Solutions of Phenol in oil do not possess the same disinfecting power as those in water (Koch. Wolffhugel and Knorre, J. S. C. I., 1882, 244).

Disinfectant powders made from Phenol and Calcium Sulphite, China Clay, Lime and other materials are now numerous. Carbolic Acid tablets for deodorizing the air in closets, hospitals, etc., are in popular use.

Phenolith is anhydrous Boric Acid and Phenol. (Holtz, Ger. Pat., 6498), (Lutze, British Pat., 22,136, 1897).

Phenol and Oxalic Acid are mixed by Rutgers (Ger. Pats., 137,584 and 141,421).

Dawson (British Pat., 11,908, 1895) gelatinizes Phenol by adding waxes.

England (British Pat., 16,422, 1894) makes antiseptic manure of Phenol, Superphosphates and Gypsum.

Lysopast and Phenopast are mixtures of Lysol and Phenol. Raetz (British Pat., 27,889, 1903) renders solutions of Phenols solid, by treating them with Aldehydes and Ketones.

Phenolphthalein is made from Phthalic Anhydride and Phenol (Ber., 1871, 4, 658), (Ber., 1876, 9, 1230), (Ann., 1880, 202,

68).

Diphenylene Oxide is produced when Phenol is distilled over Lead Oxide.

Aurine results when Phenol is heated with Oxalic or Formic Acid and dehydrating agents.

Potassium Permanganate oxidizes Phenol to inactive or Mesotartaric Acid.

Chlorine changes Phenol to Keto-chlorides.

Chlorine and Caustic Soda convert Phenol into Trichlor-Rpentene dioxycarboxylic Acid.

Anisole is obtained by heating Phenol and Caustic Potash with Ethyl or Methyl Iodine in Alcohol solution.

Alkali salts of Phenol are converted by Carbon Dioxide, at higher temperatures, into the Alkali salts or Oxy-acids, PhenolCarboxylic Acids (Salicylic Acid).

Salicylic Acid is produced by passing heated Carbon Dioxide over Sodium Phenolate (Kolbe). It is used largely in medicine and chiefly in the form of its Sodium salt, and as a component in the production of mordant Azo-dyes.

The suphonation of Phenol furnishes Phenol-sulphonic Acids, which find their use in the manufacture of dyestuffs and medicine. (Sozolic Acid and Aseptol) their salts are sometimes sold as Sozoidols.

Of all the above technical uses, probably the commonest are for disinfectants, Salicylic Acid, and for synthetic Resins.

The foregoing are not by any means the only uses of Phenol, but they serve to show that Phenol, or Carbolic Acid, has an extensive use in the technical arts and for pharmaceutical purposes, aside from its frequent use in the production of Picric Acid or Trinitro Phenol, which appears as Melinite, Roburite, Shimosite and Lyddite, the high explosives of modern warfare.

THE REDDENING OF PHENOL.

The reddening of Phenol is attributed to many different

causes.

Kohn & Fryer (J. S. C. I., 1893, 107) claim the presence of Thiophene causes the red coloration of Phenol.

Acid.

Kraemer claims the reddening of Phenol is due to Benzoic

Sicha attributes it to traces of Copper (J. S. C. I., 1882, 397).

Sheet steel tank, 24 in. diam. with 54 ft. to 72 ft. of 2 in. welded pipe coil, tank 4 to 6 ft. high. Can be built for $45.00 to $60.00.

1 sheet of detail drawings of this coil condenser and names of manufacturers who have submitted bids. Price, $10.00.

Also drawings of smaller sized coil condensers and condensers arranged differently.