Should a person to whom a passport has been issued use it in violation of the conditions or restrictions contained therein, the protection of the United States may likewise be withheld from him while he is abroad and he will be liable for prosecution under the provisions of section 221 of title 22 of the United States Code, which reads in part as follows:

"*** whoever shall willfully and knowingly use or attempt to use any passport in violation of the conditions or restrictions therein contained, or of the rules prescribed pursuant to the laws regulating the issuance of passports, which said rules shall be printed on the passport; * * * shall be fined not more than $2,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both."

Hereafter when a passport is validated for or issued for use in Europe, its validity shall be restricted to the period necessary to accomplish the purpose of the intended visit to Europe but in no case beyond a period of 6 months.

Passports in possession of person now residing abroad shall in due course be submitted to American consular officers for appropriate endorsement under special instructions to be sent to such officers at a later date.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE,

September 4, 1939.

CORDELL HULL.

C

REGULATIONS RELATING TO TRAVEL IN COMBAT AREAS AND ON BELLIGERENT VESSELS

DEPARTMENTAL ORDER NO. 827

Section 5 (a) of the Neutrality Act of 1939 regarding travel on belligerent vessels provides as follows:

"SEC. 5. (a) Whenever the President shall have issued a proclamation under the authority of section 1 (a) it shall thereafter be unlawful for any citizen of the United States to travel on any vessel of any state named in such proclamation, except in accordance with such rules and regulations as may be prescribed." On November 6, the following regulations were prescribed in pursuance of the above provision:

"American diplomatic and consular officers and their families, members of their staffs and their families, and American military and naval officers and personnel and their famiiles may travel pursuant to orders on vessels of France; Germany; Poland; or the United Kingdom, India, Austria, Canada, New Zealand and the Union of South Africa if the public service requires.

"Other American citizens may travel on vessels of France; Germany; Poland; or the United Kingdom, India, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the Union of South Africa, provided, however, that travel on or over the north Atlantic Ocean, north of 35 degrees north latitude and east of 66 degrees west longitude or on or over other waters adjacent to Europe or over the continent of Europe or adjacent islands shall not be permitted except when specifically authorized by the Secretary of State in each case."

Section 3 (a) of the Neutrality Act of 1939, regarding travel into or through combat areas provides as follows:

"SEC. 3. (a) Whenever the President shall have issued a proclamation under the authority of section 1 (a), and he shall thereafter find that the protection of citizens of the United States so requires, he shall, by proclamation, define combat areas, and thereafter it shall be unlawful, except under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed, for any citizen of the United States or any American vessel to proceed into or through any such combat area. The combat areas so defined may be made to apply to surface vessels or aircraft, or both." The President, by proclamation of November 4, 1939, entitled "Definition of Combat Areas," defined a combat area as follows:

"All the navigable waters within the limits set forth hereafter.

"Beginning at the intersection of the North Coast of Spain with the meridian of 2° 45' longitude west of Greenwich;

"Thence due north to a point in 43° 54' north latitude;

"Thence by rhumb line to a point in 45° 00′ north latitude; 20° 00′ west longitude;

"Thence due north to 58° 00' north latitude;

"Thence by rhumb line to latitude 62° north, longitude 2° east; "Thence by rhumb line to latitude 60° north, longitude 5° east; "Thence due east to the mainland of Norway;

"Thence along the coastline of Norway, Sweden, the Baltic Sea and dependent waters thereof, Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Spain to the point of beginning."

On November 6, 1939, the following regulations relating to travel into and through combat areas were prescribed:

"Holders of American passports issued or validated subsequent to September 4, 1939, for travel in Europe are hereby permitted to proceed, in accordance with the authorizations and subject to the restrictions noted on such passports, into and through any such combat area, whether by surface vessels or aircraft, or both, until further regulation. Holders of American passports, whether or not so issued or validated, presently in the combat areas defined by the proclamation of the President of the United States dated November 4, 1939, are hereby per

mitted to proceed into and through such combat areas in connection with travel in accordance with the authorizations and subject to the restrictions noted on such passports, until further regulation."

By virtue of and pursuant to the above-quoted provisions of law and in pursuance of the President's proclamation of November 4, 1939, I, the undersigned, Acting Secretary of State of the United States, hereby prescribe the following regulation amending the regulations of November 6, 1939, relating to travel on belligerent vessels, by substituting for the words "the Secretary of State" the words "the Passport Division of the Department of State or an American Diplomatic or consular officer abroad," and also the following regulations supplementing the regulations prescribed on November 6, 1939, relating to travel into or through combat areas.

1. American nationals may not travel on any surface vessel or aircraft into or through any area which is or may be defined as a combat area unless they possess American passports which have been endorsed as valid, as hereinafter provided, for such travel by the Passport Division of the Department of State or an American diplomatic or consular officer abroad.

2. Each such endorsement shall be restricted in validity to one specific journey into or through a combat area and shall not be valid for travel on a belligerent Vessel unless transportation on a neutral vessel is not reasonably available.

3. Endorsement valid for travel into or through a combat area may be placed on the passports of officers and employees of the United States, civil or military, and members of their families if the public service requires.

4. Eudorsements valid for travel into or through a combat area shall not be placed on the passports of other American nationals except in cases of imperative necessity and unless other routes of travel to destination are not reasonably available.

5. These regulations are not applicable to the following American nationals ho are hereby authorized, under the conditions stated, to travel into or through combat areas without being in possession of American passports endorsed as valid Ir such travel:

(a) Officers and enlisted personnel on board any vessels of the United States Navy or United States Coast Guard proceeding into or through combat areas under orders or in the course of duty.

(b) Officers and members of the crew of any American vessel which, by arrangement with the appropriate authorities of the Government of the United States, may be commissioned to proceed into or through a combat area in order to evacuate citizens of the United States who are in imminent danger to their lives as a result of combat operations incident to the present war.

(c) Officers and members of the crew of any American vessel proceeding into or through a combat area under charter or other direction and control of the American Red Cross and under safe conduct granted by belligerent states.

(d) Officers and members of the crew of any American vessel which in advance of a proclamation by the President defining any area as a combat area cleared and departed from an American or foreign port for a port or ports within the area so defined as a combat area; provided, however, that the provisions of this subsection are limited to a current voyage so undertaken.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE,

SUMNER WELLES, Acting Secretary of State.

November 17, 1939.

D

DEPARTMENTAL ORDER No. 888

In view of the exigencies of international travel, particularly the spread of military operations, the increasing hazards and difficulties involved in foreign travel and residence, and the fact that after October 16, 1940, male citizens between the ages of 21 and 35 years will be required, before departing from the United States, to obtain a permit on form 351 to leave this country, the Secretary of State has deemed it desirable to revert to the former policy of the Department of State of setting forth in each passport issued by it or under its authority the names of the countries which the citizen intends to visit and the object of the visit to each country named in the passport. This policy shall become effective at once and shall apply to passports heretofore issued and presently valid, as well as to passports which may hereafter be issued, with the exception of passports intended for use in countries of the Western Hemisphere. In consequence, no passport heretofore issued shall be valid for travel from the United States to any foreign country requiring such a document, except countries of the Western Hemisphere, unless it is first submitted to the Department of State for validation in the same manner as is provided for by departmental order No. 811 issued September 4, 1939, for the validation of passports for use in traveling from the United States to any country in Europe. In submitting a passport to the Department for validation for use elsewhere than in the countries of the Western Hemisphere, a person to whom such document was issued must also state the names of the countries in which he intends to travel, the reason for his intended travel to each country named and, if the reason for the proposed travel to each such country is susceptible of documentary corroboration, he should submit such documentary corroboration. The provisions of departmental order No. 811 shall apply, so far as may be practicable, to travel elsewhere throughout the world except in countries of the Western Hemisphere, save that where an individual desires to travel to a country in which conditions are normal and the routes of travel thereto are reasonably safe, in applying the test of necessity for such travel a more lenient policy will be followed.

However, nothing in this Order shall be construed as rendering ineffective the provisions of the regulation of November 6, 1939, under which an American citizen may not travel on a vessel of a belligerent country on or over the North Atlantic Ocean north of 35 degrees north latitude and east of 66 degrees west longitude except when specifically authorized to do so. The authorization may be granted by the Passport Division of the Department of State. American consular officers in the Dominion of Canada and in Newfoundland are authorized to endorse passports for travel on a vessel of a belligerent state in any case where the vessel begins its journey in a port in the Dominion of Canada or in Newfoundland, including Labrador, and ends at a port in any such place or the United States, provided the vessel is not scheduled to travel, between the beginning and ending of any such journey, in the waters above mentioned, except in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Hudson Strait and the coastal or contiguous waters of the Dominion of Canada or Newfoundland, including Labrador, which are customarily navigated between points on these coasts.

In connection with this Order, the Department of State takes occasion to call attention to the President's Proclamation of January 13, 1940, proclaiming 1940 as "Travel America Year," in which the President encourages citizens of the United States and friends from other lands in the Western Hemisphere "to join in a great travel movement, so that our peoples may be drawn even more closely together in sympathy and understanding."

DEPARTMENT OF STATE, October 11, 1940.

200

CORDELL HULL.

E

DEPARTMENT OF STATE-FOR THE PRESS

(May 1, 1952, No. 341)

The Department of State announced today that it was taking additional steps to warn American citizens of the risks of travel in Iron Curtain countries by stamping all passports not valid for travel in those countries unless specifically endorsed by the Department of State for such travel.

In making this announcement, the Department emphasized that this procedure in no way forbids American travel to those areas. It contemplates that American citizens will consult the Department or the consulates abroad to ascertain the dangers of traveling in countries where acceptable standards of protection do not prevail and that, if no objection is perceived, the travel may be authorized.

All new passports will be stamped as follows:

"This passport is not valid for travel to Albania, Bulgaria, China, Czechoslova, Hungary, Poland, Rumania or the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics unless specifically endorsed under authority of the Department of State as being valid for such travel."

All outstanding passports, which are equally subject to the restriction, will be so endorsed as occasion permits.

201