BAIL REFORM

HEARINGS

BEFORE THE

SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE CONSTITUTION

OF THE

COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY

UNITED STATES SENATE

NINETY-SEVENTH CONGRESS

FIRST SESSION

ON

COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY

[97th Congress)

STROM THURMOND, South Carolina, Chairman
CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, JR., Maryland JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., Delaware
PAUL LAXALT, Nevada

EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah

ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia ROBERT DOLE, Kansas

HOWARD M. METZENBAUM, Ohio ALAN K. SIMPSON, Wyoming

DENNIS DeCONCINI, Arizona JOHN P. EAST, North Carolina

PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont CHARLES E. GRASSLEY, Iowa

MAX BAUCUS, Montana JEREMIAH DENTON, Alabama

HOWELL HEFLIN, Alabama
ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania

VINTON DEVANE LIDE, Chief Counsel
QUENTIN CROMMELIN, Jr., Staff Director

SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE CONSTITUTION

ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah, Chairman
STROM THURMOND, South Carolina DENNIS DeCONCINI, Arizona
CHARLES E. GRASSLEY, Iowa

PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont
THOMAS D. PARRY, Chief Counsel
STEPHEN MARKMAN, General Counsel and Staff Director

RANDALL RADER, Counsel
PETER ORMSBY, Professional Staff Member

(II)

CONTENTS

OPENING STATEMENT

Page
Hatch, Hon. Orrin G., a U.S. Senator from the State of Utah, and chairman,
Subcommittee on the Constitution.

2, 153

PROPOSED LEGISLATION

S. 440.

S. 482

S. 1253

S. 1554

5

11

24

31

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF WITNESSES

56

79

81

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1981

Chiles, Hon. Lawton, a U.S. Senator from the State of Florida.

Kassebaum, Hon. Nancy Landon, a U.S. Senator from the State of Kansas.

Bumpers, Hon. Dale, a U.S. Senator from the State of Arkansas.......

Anders, James C., solicitor, Columbia, South Carolina, representing the Na-

tional District Attorneys Association .....

Freed, Prof. Daniel J., School of Law, Yale University.

Hobson, Maj. Gen. Kenneth J., vice chairperson, standing committee on asso-

ciation standards for criminal justice, American Bar Association ....

98

109

127

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 21, 1981

Harris, Jeffrey, Deputy Associate Attorney General, U.S. Department of Jus-

tice, accompanied by: Roger Pauley, Director, Office of Legislation, Crimi-

nal Division; and Karen Skrivseth, Legislative Counsel, Office of Legal

Policy

Watson, Jerry, professional bondsman of the United States.....

Beaudin, Bruce D., Director, District of Columbia Pretrial Services Agency.

ALPHABETICAL LIST AND MATERIALS SUBMITTED

Anders, James C.:

Testimony ....

Prepared statement

Beaudin, Bruce D.:

Testimony...

Prepared statement

Responses to questions submitted by Senator Hatch

Bumpers, Hon. Dale:

Testimony

Prepared statement

Chiles, Hon. Lawton:

Testimony

Resolution supporting S. 1253 and H.R. 3883

Letter to Senator Hatch, October 20, 1981......

Letter from Hon. William J. Hughes, chairman, Subcommittee on Crime,

Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, with attach-

ment.

81

85

56

61

62

63

(III)

Page

109

155

167

Freed, Prof. Daniel J.:

Testimony

Harris, Jeffrey

Testimony....

Prepared statement

Hobson, Maj. Gen. Kenneth J.:

Testimony

Prepared statement

Appendix: American Bar Association Standards for Criminal Justice.........

Kassebaum, Hon. Nancy Landon: Testimony..

Watson, Jerry:

Testimony

Prepared statement

127

131

140

79

197

204

APPENDIX

231

255

269

283

329

338

364

365

ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS

Edward J. King, Governor, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, with attach-

ments.

Tyce S. Smith and James W. Reilley, attorneys, Chicago, Ill

Floyd E. Mincy, on behalf of Florida Surety Agents Association, Inc. with

attachments....

Thomas Frank, attorney, Evergreen, Colo., with attachments.

Truman R. Young, Jr., citizen, Tempe, Ariz., with attachments.

Clyde W. White, bail bondsman, Wooster, Ohio, with attachments

Richard P. Lynch, director, American Bar Association.

Reducing Crime and Detention Through Pretrial Services.

Law REVIEW ARTICLES

The Right to Bail: A Historical Inquiry, by William F. Duker, Albany Law

Review, vol. 42, 1977.......

The Coming Constitutional Crises in Bail: I, by Caleb Foote, University of

Pennsylvania Law Review, vol. 113, No. 7, May 1965..

Part II, vol. 113, No. 8, June 1965..

Bail Reform and the Constitutionality of Pretrial Detention, by Hon. John N.

Mitchell, Virginia Law Review, vol. 55, No. 7, November 1969.

An Ounce of Detention: Preventive Justice in the World of John Mitchell, by

Laurence H. Tribe, Virginia Law Review, vol. 56, No. 3, April 1970................

Constitutionality of Pretrial Detention, Part I, Hermine Herta Meyer, George-

town Law Journal, vol. 60, No. 5, May 1972.

Part II, vol. 60, No. 6, June 1972...

A New Approach to Bail Release: The Proposed Federal Criminal Code and

Bail Reform, by Edward M. Kennedy, reprinted from Fordham Law Review,

March 1980....

Pretrial Detention and the 1970 District of Columbia Crime Act—The Next

Step in Bail Reform, by Frederick D. Hess, Brooklyn Law Review, vol. 37,

No. 2, winter 1971

368

457

498

559

579

616

675

770

784

BAIL REFORM

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1981

U.S. SENATE,

SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE CONSTITUTION,

COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY,

Washington, D.C.

The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:15 p.m., in room

2228, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Senator Orrin G. Hatch

(chairman of the subcommittee) presiding.

Present: Senator Hatch and Senator Leahy.

Staff present: Randy Rader, counsel; Steve Markman, general

counsel; Peter Ormsby, professional staff member; and Claire Greif,

clerk.

STATEMENT OF HON. ORRIN G. HATCH, A U.S. SENATOR FROM

THE STATE OF UTAH, AND CHAIRMAN, SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE

CONSTITUTION, COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY

Senator HATCH. The Subcommittee on the Constitution of the
Committee on the Judiciary will come to order.

From 1979 to 1980 violent crimes occurred at an increased rate of
13 percent nationwide, according to Justice Department figures.
With danger to lawful citizens increasing at these alarming rates,
Federal courts and Federal laws must find ways to make neighbor-
hoods safer.

At this point, I will put the remainder of my statement in the

record. It gives a lot of statistics and background material pertain-

ing to today's hearing. I will do this rather than take the time of

our distinguished Senators who are here.

[The material follows:]