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address to his half-starved men.-Anecdote of Gen. Lee and his cook.-Per-
sonal recollections of the great commander.-An English officer's description
of his person and habits,
CHAPTER X.
.116
Opening of the great campaign of 1864.-Precise account of Gen. Lee's plans.
-He acts with his accustomed boldness and takes the offensive.-Actious
of the 5th and 6th May.-General Lee determines to lead a critical assault.—
Protest of the soldiers.—Grant resorts to manoeuvre.-Spottsylvania Court-
House.-General Lee again in the extreme front of his men.-A thrilling
spectacle.-Heroic action of Gordon.-" Gen. Lee to the rear!"-Account of
the strategy from Spottsylvania Court-House to the vicinity of Richmond.-
Grant on the old battle-field of McClellan.-His army defeated in ten minutes
at Cold Harbour.-His losses in one month exceed Lee's whole army.-
Precise statement of the odds against Gen. Lee.-Reflections on the nature
and degrees of generalship.-Comparison of the two rival commanders of
the North and South,
CHAPTER XI.
125
Gen. Lee's private opinion of the defences of Richmond.-A serious communi-
cation to the Government, and how it was treated.-Vagaries of President
Davis. Gen. Lee decides that the safety of Richmond lies in raising the
siege. Expedition of Early across the Potomac.-Anxiety of Gen. Lee.-
He meditates taking command of the force in Maryland.-Retreat of Early.
-Gen. Lee next proposes a diversion in the Valley of Virginia.-Failure of
this operation.-Constant extension of Grant's left around Richmond.-
Period of despondency in the South.-A letter of Gen. Lee on the question
of supplies. He proposes bringing in two or three years' supplies from Eu-
rope.-Desertion the great evil in the Confederate armies.-Difficulties of
dealing with it.-Various letters and protests from Gen. Lee on the subject
of discipline.-An angry comment of President Davis.-Gen. Lee a severe
disciplinarian, and yet loved by his men.-Anecdote of the General and a
one-armed soldier.-Skeleton returns of the army.-The popular clamour
against President Davis.-Gen. Lee's quasi acceptance of the position of
Commander-in-chief.-Nature and peculiar history of this rank in the Con-
federate armies.-Hopeful views of Gen. Lee.-Project of arming the
negroes.-Growth of new hopes for the Confederacy,
CHAPTER XII.
135
Extraordinary cheerfulness of Gen. Lee.-A psychological reflection.-The
Army of Northern Virginia at a third stage in its history.-Military prepa-
rations for the evacuation of Richmond.-Protests of the Government.-
Gen. Lee's last and desperate resolution.-Battle of Five Forks.-Theory
and results of the action.-Grant's assault in front of Petersburg.-How
Gen. Lee received it.-His remark to a staff-officer,
CHAPTER XIII.
149
The last retreat of Gen. Lee's army.-Two notable pictures.-Gen. Lee con-
ceives a new prospect of action. A fatal miscarriage at Amelia Court-
House. No food for the army.-Terrible sufferings of the retreat.-General
despair and misery.-Action at Sailor's Creek.-Condition of the army at
Appomattox Court-House.-Apparition of the white flag.-Correspondence
between Generals Lee and Grant.-Authentic and detailed account of their
interview at McLean's House.-Contradiction of various popular reports
of this event.-General Lee announcing the terms of surrender to his
officers. Scenes in the encampments.-Gen. Lee's last address to his troops.
-His return to Richmond.-Last tokens of affection and respect for the
Confederacy,
CHAPTER XIV.
155
An interesting interview with Gen. Lee after the surrender.-Remarks upon
the Federal rule.-Indicted for "treason."-Proceedings stayed on the pro-
test of Gen. Grant.-Explanation of Gen. Lee's course with reference to
amnesty, etc.-Elected President of Washington College.—The true spirit
of his advice of "submission."-His hopes for the repose and welfare of
the South,
CHAPTER XV.
LIEUT.-GEN. STONEWALL JACKSON.
172
Boyhood of Thomas Jonathan Jackson.-His experience at West Point.-His
studies and habits.-A novel analysis of awkward manners.-Jackson's pro-
motions in the Mexican war.-His love of fight.-Recollections of "Fool
Tom Jackson" at Lexington.-A study of his face and character.-His
prayers for "the Union.”—A reflection on Christian influences in America.—
Jackson appointed a colonel in the Virginia forces.-In command at Harper's
Ferry. Constitution of the "Stonewall Brigade."-Jackson promoted to
Brigadier. His action on the field of Manassas.-He turns the enemy's
flank and breaks his centre. How much of the victory was due to him.—
His expedition towards the head waters of the Potomac,
CHAPTER XVI.
177
Description of the Shenandoah Valley.-Its importance as an avenue to
Washington.-Gen. Jackson retreats from Winchester, and returns and
fights the battle of Kernstown.-His first and last defeat.-Analysis of the
enemy's "On-to-Richmond."-Four armies to converge on the Confederate
capital. Situation of Gen. Jackson.-Reinforced by Ewell's division.-His
rapid movement to McDowell, and its designs.-He falls upon the enemy
at Front Royal.-He chases Banks' army through Winchester and across
the Potomac.-President Lincoln "sets a trap" for him.-Gen. McDowell's
remonstrance.-Battles of Cross Keys and Port Republic.-Summary of
the Valley campaign,'
CHAPTER XVII.
190
(len. Jackson's share in the "Seven Days' battles " around Richmond.-Shift-
ing of the scenes of war from the James River to the Rappahannock.-
Battle of Cedar Run.-Gen. Jackson moves a column between the enemy's
rear and Washington.-Scenes of the march.-Battle of Groveton.-The
two days' conflict on Manassas Plains.-Gen. Jackson strikes the enemy at
Ox Hill.--Results of the campaign so far.-Extraordinary achievement of
Jackson's command.-He moves against, and captures Harper's Ferry.-
His part in the battle of Sharpsburg,
CHAPTER XVIII.
199
Battle of Fredericksburg. Gen. Jackson conceives the desperate enterprise
of driving the enemy into the river.—But he recalls the attack.-Battle of
Chancellorsville.-A night council under the pines.-The flank-march. -
How Gen. Hooker was deceived.-Gen. Jackson's last dispatch.-Fury of
his attack in the Wilderness.-He is shot from his horse by his own men.—
Particulars of his wound and sufferings. His dying moments.-Funeral
ceremonies in Richmond,
208
CHAPTER XIX.
Review of Gen. Jackson's services and character.-True nature of his ambi-
tion. The value of glory.-Religious element in Gen. Jackson's character.-
Peculiarity of his religious habits.-Anecdotes.-Want of natural amiability.
-Hårshness of manner towards his officers.-His severe idea of war.-
Destructiveness. His readiness to forgive.-A touching personal incident.
-His self-possession as a mark of "genius."-His military faculty not a
partial one.-European estimates of his career.-A lesson to Northern inso-
fence and rancour,
CHAPTER XX.
GEN. PETER G. T. BEAUREGARD.
220
Early life of P. G. T. Beauregard. His gallantry and promotions in the Mexican
War.-Life in Louisiana.-Appointment in the Confederate Army.-Defences
of Charleston.-Battle of Fort Sumter.-Gen. Beauregard takes command in
Virginia. His contempt of "the Yankees."-A grotesque letter.-Popular
sentiment concerning the war.-Explanation of the sudden disappearance of
the Union party in the South.-Gen. Beauregard's declaration of the pur-
poses of the war.- Beauty and Booty."-A Northern journal on Butler vs.
Beauregard.-Battle of Manassas.-Čomplimentary letter from President
Davis. The popularity of Gen. Beauregard alarms the vanity of the Presi-
dent.-A scandalous quarrel.-Gen. Beauregard's political "card" in the
Richmond newspapers, 231
CHAPTER XXI.
Gen. Beauregard transferred to command in West Tennessee.-His order
about "the bells."-He concentrates the Confederate forces at Corinth.-
Battle of Shiloh.-A "lost opportunity."-Retreat to Tupelo.-He obtains
a sick furlough.-President Davis deprives him of his command.—Official
persecution of Gen. Beauregard.-Violent declarations of the President.—
Gen. Beauregard in retirement.-A private letter on the war,
CHAPTER XXII.
249
Gen. Beauregard in command at Charleston-Military importance of "the
City of Secession."-Gen. Beauregard's appeal to the patriotism of the
Carolinians.-Naval attack on Charleston, 1863.-Gen. Beauregard's depart-
ment stripped of troops.-Unavailing remonstrance to President Davis.-
Gen. Gillmore's attempt on Charleston.-Its impotent conclusion.-Fame
of Gen. Beauregard as an engineer. He receives the thanks of Congress.
-Returns to Virginia in 1864.—“Battle of the Falchion and the Buzzard."
-Gen. Beauregard's plan of campaign before the battle of Drewry's Bluff.
-Remarkable interview with President Davis.-Connection of Gen. Beau-
regard with Hood's campaign.-He advises the evacuation of Richmond.—
Merits of Gen. Beauregard's military career.-Description of his person
and habits, 257
CHAPTER XXIII.
GEN. ALBERT SIDNEY JOHNSTON.
Remarkable career of Albert Sidney Johnston. He eludes the Federal
an-
authorities in California.-Declares for the Southern Confederacy, and "
nexes" Arizona.-In command of the Western armies.-Picture of a hero.
-Proclamation on the occupation of Kentucky.-Foolish exaltation of
Southern hopes.-True situation of Gen. Johnston.-His noble silence in
the face of clamour.-Letter on the fall of Fort Donelson.-A glance at the
Western map of the war.-The Confederate line broken and the campaign
transferred to the southern bank of the Tennessee river.-Battle of Shiloh.
-Gen. Johnston riding on to victory.-His death-wound.-Lamentations
in the South.-Tributes to his memory.-A classic inscription, . 271
CHAPTER XXIV.
GEN. BRAXTON BRAGG.
Equivocal reputation of Gen. Bragg in the war.-His services in Mexico.-
Offers his sword to Louisiana.-His command at Pensacola.—Gallant par-
ticipation in the battle of Shiloh.--His reflections upon Gen. Beauregard.
-In command of the Western forces.-His Kentucky campaign, as corre-
spondent to the Virginia campaign of 1862.-Battle of Perrysville.-Gen.
Bragg's retreat through Cumberland Gap.-Criticisms and recriminations
touching the campaign,
284
CHAPTER XXV.
Battle of Murfreesboro.-Interval of repose.-Retreat to Chattanooga.-Gen.
Bragg refuses to fight at the instance of the War Department.-Reinforced
from the Army of Northern Virginia.-Battle of Chickamauga.-A_com-
mentary in the Richmond Whig.-Violent quarrel between Gens. Bragg
and Longstreet.-The disaster of Missionary Ridge.-Gen. Bragg relieved
from command and appointed "military adviser" of President Davis.—
Explanations in a Richmond journal.-Gen. Bragg's last service in the field.
-Fall of Wilmington.-Gen. Bragg's military career criticised.-His ardent
Southern patriotism, 295
CHAPTER XXVI.
MAJ.-GEN. STERLING PRICE.
Anomaly of the Missouri Campaign.-Early life of Sterling Price.-Governor
of Missouri.-His Politics.-Formation of "The Missouri State Guard."-
Personal appearance of the Commander.-His correspondence with Gen.
Harney.-Affair at Booneville.-Gen. Price reinforced by Gens. McCulloch
and Pearce.-Battle of Oak Hill or Wilson's Creek.-Gen. Price's move-
ment upon Lexington.-His success.-Designs against St. Louis.-Why
they were abandoned.-Retreat of the Patriot Army of Missouri.-The
State joins the Southern Confederacy.—Gen. Price's Proclamation at
Neosho, 309
CHAPTER XXVII.
Gen. Price at the head of ten thousand men.—McCulloch refuses to coöperate.
-Admirable retreat of Price's army to Boston Mountains.-Hardihood of
his troops.-A message from Gen. Halleck.-Gen. Van Dorn appointed Con-
federate Commander of the Trans-Mississippi.—Battle of Elk Horn.-Its
importance.-Heroism of Gen. Price on the field.-The Missouri troops
cross the Mississippi River.-Gen. Price's eloquent address to "the State
Guard,"
321
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Career of Gen. Price as a subordinate.-Mortality record of the Missouri Guard.
-Their participation in the battle of Corinth.-Battle of Helena.-Gen.
Price's cherished idea of liberating Missouri.—His agreement with Gen. Fre-
mont for the humanities of the war.-How the enemy violated it.-Gen.
Price's last attempt to save Missouri.-His final retreat from the State.-Sum-
mary of the character of Gen. Price.-A defect in his military career.-Gen.
Price as an exile,
CHAPTER XXIX.
GEN. JOSEPH EGGLESTON JOHNSTON.
328
Some account of "the first families" of Virginia.-Ancestry of Joseph Eggles-
ton.-Peter Johnston in the Revolutionary War, and in the State councils of
Virginia.-Early life of Joseph E. Johnston.-Military tastes of the boy.-
Services of Lieut. Johnston in the Florida War.-An incident of desperate
courage.-Services in the Mexican War.-Bon Mot of Gen. Scott.-Johnston
appointed Quartermaster-General,
CHAPTER XXX.
337
Gen. Johnston's resignation from the United States Army.-He visits Mont-
gomery.-Appointed a full General.-Ordered to Harper's Ferry.-The place
a cul de sac.-Johnston abandons it.-Reasons for destroying the property of
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.-How Gen. Johnston amused Patterson.-
He asks permission to join Beauregard at Manassas Junction.-The march
to Piedmont, and transportation hence to Manassas, 344
CHAPTER XXXI.
Gen. Johnston's survey of the field of Manassas.-He indicates the enemy's
design to flank the Confederate left.-His anxiety about Patterson's move-
ments-Plan of attack upon Centreville.-Why it failed.-Non-arrival of part
of the Army of the Shenandoah.-Popular misrepresentations of the battle of
Manassas.-The real plans of action on each side.—How Gen. Johnston over-
lapped the flanking movement of the enemy.-His orders to Gen. Bonham to
attack on Centreville.-The most brilliant opportunity of the day lost.-Gen.
Johnston's published reasons for not attacking Washington.-This explana-
tion criticised.-Evidence of McClellan.-The Confederate Army demoralized
by their victory.-Sequel of Manassas,
CHAPTER XXXII.
352
An early council of the Confederate Government.-Unpopularity of Gen. John-
ston. He indicates the value of concentration, and proposes an aggressive
movement against the Potomac.-Overruled by President Davis.-Attempt
to bring McClellan to battle.-Blockade of the Potomac River.-True theory
of the battle of Leesburg, or Ball's Bluff.-Gen. Johnston meditates a retreat
from North Virginia.—Ä notable Council of War in Richmond.—Gen. John-
ston's advice overruled by President Davis and Gen. Lee.-Transfer of
Johnston's Army to Yorktown.- Why he abandoned the Peninsula.—Gen.
Johnston's share in Jackson's Valley Campaign.-Battle of Seven Pines.-
How its results were limited.-Gen. Johnston wounded.-He loses command
of the Army of Northern Virginia,
361
CHAPTER XXXIII.
Gen. Johnston's designs against McClellan.-Why he considered his wound