the side of the road along which we all passed, and all had a fair view of what was once Zollicoffer. I saw the lifeless body as it lay in a fence-corner by the side of the road, but Zollicoffer himself is now in hell. Hell is a fitting abode for all such arch-traitors. May all the other chief conspirators in this rebellion soon share Zollicoffer's fate-shot dead through the instrumentality of an avenging God-their spirits sent straightway to hell, and their lifeless bodies lie in a fence-corner, their faces spattered with mud, and their garments divided up, and even the hair of their head cut off and pulled out by an unsympathizing soldiery of a conquering army, battling for the right." Comment is unnecessary, further than to say that it is seldom the death of a brave enemy has been thus viewed by the worst savages, or by the filthiest cowards, or, in brief, by any form of men, short of incarnate devils.

There is good reason to believe that Gen. Zollicoffer, in agreeing to the experiment of attack at Mill Springs, was imposed upon by spies, and that the information he acted on, as to the force and position of the enemy, was designedly false. While he was as brave a man as ever lived, he was eminently cautious and circumspect. He was slow to form his conclusions, deliberate in all his purposes, as well as firm and tenacious in following up what he had resolved upon. Those who knew him best have long persisted in the belief that he would never have made the movement he did upon the camps of the enemy, unless upon apparent facts far more satisfactory than the sequel would seem to warrant.

Gen. Zollicoffer, at the time of his death, must have been between forty-five and fifty years of age. He was a man of unblemished moral character. He was amiable and modest in his deportment, but quick as lightning in resenting an insult or a reflection upon his honour. No man possessed a cooler courage or superiour perseverance. In his mental characteristics he was not brilliant; he had but little imagination, and never aspired to ornament in his literary style. But he was untiring in his application; he took clear and solid views of all subjects; and he would undoubtedly have become eminent in the war as a division commander, if courage, firmness, industry and high moral conduct could have achieved the distinction. His life was without a stain, and his death was heroic. Many public honours were paid to his memory in the South; the Provisional Government of Kentucky

named one of the counties of the State in honour of him; and a meeting in New Orleans, called to testify the public sorrow at his death, declared that "no man, since Gen. Andrew Jackson, enjoyed so completely the confidence and undivided esteem of the people of Tennessee."

LIEUT.-GEN. ALEXANDER P. STEWART.

CHAPTER LXVI.

Fame as a scholar and instructor.—His different Professorships.—First services in the Confederate States Army.-Various commands in the West.-Memorable action of his division at New Hope Church.-A compliment from Gen. Johnston.A review of his character.-A tribute from one of the most distinguished scholars of the South.

Ar the close of the war, Alexander P. Stewart was ranking officer from the State of Tennessee. He was born 2d October, 1821, at Rogersville, in East Tennessee. His parents were poor, but remarkable for their piety and zeal in the Methodist Church; his father, descended from a Scotch-Irish family that had settled in Delaware, was noted for his integrity, and still lives, in his seventy-sixth year, residing at Winchester, Tennessee, honoured by all who know him, and crowned with all the satisfactions of a wellspent life.

His family removed to Franklin county, Middle Tennessee, when the subject of our sketch was eight or ten years old. He soon showed an aptitude for books, and was put to school, and liberally educated by an uncle, the late Mr. Benjamin Decherd, of Winchester, Tennessee. In 1838, he procured, through Hon. Hopkins L. Turney, an appointment to West Point, where he graduated in 1842, in the same class with Longstreet, D. H. Hill, Van Dorn, G. W. Smith, R. H. Anderson, McLaws, Rosecrans, and Pope. Commissioned a second lieutenant in the Third Artillery, he was stationed one year at Fort Macon, in North Carolina. He was then ordered back to West Point as Assistant Professor of Mathematics, and fulfilled the duties of the instructor's chair for two years. In 1845, he resigned from the army and married

Miss Harriet Chase, of Ohio, a connection of the Spalding family, and a niece of Judge Rufus P. Spalding, present member of Congress from the Cleveland district of Ohio. After this event in his life, he settled in Lebanon, Tennessee, and was elected to a professorship in Cumberland University. He was connected with this institution of learning from 1845 to 1861, excepting three years, in one of which he occupied a chair in the Nashville University, and in two others, from 1854 to 1856, had charge of a female school at Lebanon. In 1850, he was offered, and declined the professorship in the Virginia Military Institute, afterwards filled by Stonewall Jackson. In 1854, he declined the professorship in the Mississippi University, formerly filled by Professor Bledsoe, and in the following year he was urged to accept a chair in the Washington University, at St. Louis, but refused to leave his honoured post as instructor in Tennessee. The number and variety of these calls attest the high scholarly worth of the man, and the extent of his fame in the South.

When the bombardment of Fort Sumter sounded the dread summons of war, Professor Stewart, recollecting his military education, offered his services to Gov. Harris, and was at once employed by the Military Board at Nashville, in making army contracts, establishing camps, and giving, in various ways, to the rising war spirit of the land the benefit of his military experience. In May, 1861, he was appointed Major of the the Tennessee artillery corps. He had been offered command of the 7th regiment of infantry (Hatton's), but he disclaimed all thought of ambition and considerations of rank, and was directed by a sense of duty to the artillery arm of the service, in which he considered himself most proficient. His command was at first stationed at Randolph, on the Mississippi River, and in August, 1861, was sent to Island No. 10, and commenced to fortify that position. Thence it was ordered to Columbus, Kentucky, after that place was occupied by Gen. Polk; and in the battle of Belmont which ensued, Stewart had command of all the heavy artillery, and did distinguished service in turning upon Gen. Grant's column the heavy rifled gun (the Lady Polk), from the fort on the bluff, and arresting his career of victory at the time he had driven the Confederate infantry to the river.

The commission of Stewart as Brigadier-General, was dated the 8th November, 1861. It, as well as all the promotions he subsequent

ly obtained, was unsolicited by him; he never visited the Confede rate capital, he was thoroughly innocent of all political intermediations, and the official honours bestowed upon his career were never sought by him, and were valued only as approving testimonies to his conscience in the performance of his duty. On the evacuation of Columbus in 1862, he was sent to Island No. 10, to report to Maj.Gen. McCown, and was placed by him in command at New Madrid. The defence of this island was an extraordinary one, and has been recited in all the histories of the war. Gen. Pope came down the river with more than 30,000 troops; the effective force of the Confederates was 2,700 men in two little forts a mile apart, while on the water they had nothing but the sham gun-boats of Commodore Hollins. The evacuation of New Madrid was superintended by Gen. Stewart, and was the only successful incident for the Confederates, as finally they had to surrender the island, but not until they had held at bay for ten days, a force that should have instantly overwhelmed them.

At the battle of Shiloh, Gen. Stewart commanded a brigade in Clark's division of Polk's corps. Gen. Clark being wounded, he took command of this division, and fought it with skill and vigour. In Gen. Bragg's Kentucky campaign, he commanded a brigade in Cheatham's division-one of the three brigades that bore the brunt of battle at Perryville. These three brigades (Donelson's, Stewart's and Maney's), fought on the extreme right, and lost 1,500 men out of the total loss of twenty-one or twenty-two hundred sustained by the Confederates on that field. Gen. Stewart commanded the same tried brigade in the battle of Murfreesboro.

In

In the subsequent chequered history of the Army of Tennessee, the name of Gen. Stewart constantly occurs, with increasing fame, and shows brilliantly even in some of its stories of disaster. June, 1863, he was commissioned a Major-General, and assigned to the command of a division in Hardee's corps. At Hoover's Gap, where the advancing enemy was desperately held until Gen. Bragg could retire his forces towards Tullahoma, he was the superiour Confederate officer, and seconded by the brave Bate and his other brigade commanders, he achieved a success that proved vital in its consequences. Before the battle of Chickamauga, he reinforced Buckner, and operated in East Tennessee.

After this battle, the Army of Tennessee was reörganized. To