1800. longing to the enemy. The two contracting parties agree, September 30. that the term of two months being passed after the declaration of war, their respective citizens, from whatever part of the world they come, shall not plead the ignorance mentioned in this article. Merchant ves ART. 16. The merchant ships belonging to the citizens of sels to exhibit either of the contracting parties, which shall be bound to a their passports and certificates. port of the enemy of one of the parties, and concerning whose voyage, and the articles of their cargo, there shall be just grounds of suspicion, shall be obliged to exhibit, as well upon the high seas as in the ports or roads, not only their passports, but likewise their certificates, showing that their goods are not of the quality of those which are specified to be contraband in the thirteenth article of the present convention. In time of war, to be furnished, and certificates. ART. 17. And that captures on light suspicions may be merchant ships avoided, and injuries thence arising prevented, it is agreed, between one of that when one party shall be engaged in war, and the other the parties, and party be neuter, the ships of the neutral party shall be furnisha third power, with passports, ed with passports similar to that described in the fourth article, that it may appear thereby that the ships really belong to the citizens of the neutral party; they shall be valid for any number of voyages, but shall be renewed every year; that is, if the ship happens to return home in the space of a year. If the ships are laden, they shall be provided not only with the passports above mentioned, but also with certificates similar to those described in the same article, so that it may be known whether they carry any contraband goods. No other paper shall be required, any usage or ordinance to the contrary notwithstanding. And if it shall not appear from the said certificates that there are contraband goods on board, the ships shall be permitted to proceed on their voyage. If it shall appear from the certificates, that there are contraband goods on board any such ship, and the commander of the same shall offer to deliver them up, the offer shall be accepted, and the ship shall be at liberty to pursue its voyage, unless the quanMerchantmen, delivering their tity of the contraband goods be greater than can conveniently contraband ar- be received on board the ship of war or privateer, in which to pursue their case the ship may be carried into port, for the delivery of the cles up,allowed voyages. same. The want of a If any ship shall not be furnished with such passport or cerpassportif there tificates as are above required for the same, such case may be be other proofs, 1800. dans les ports ennemis les marchandises qui seront de contrebande. Les deux parties contractantes conviennent que le September 30. terme de deux mois passé depuis la déclaration de guerre, leur citoyens respectifs de quelque partie du monde qu'ils viennent, ne pourront plus alléguer l'ignorance dont il est question dans le présent article. ART. 16. Les navires marchands appartenant à des citoy ens de l'une ou d'autre des deux parties contractantes, lors. qu'ils voudront passer dans le port de l'ennemi de l'une des deux parties, et que leur voyage ainsi que les effets de leur cargaison pourront donner de justes soupçons, les dits navires seront obligés d'exhiber en pleine mer, comme dans les ports ou rades, non seulement leurs passeports, mais encore leurs certificats prouvant que ces effets ne sont point de la même espèce que ceux de contrebande specifiés dans l'article treize de la présente convention. ART. 17. Et afin d'éviter des captures sur des soupçons frivoles, et de prévenir les dommages qui en résultent, il est convenu que, quand une des deux parties será en guerre et l'autre neutre, les navires de la partie neutre seront pourvus de passeports semblables à ceux spécifiés dans l'article quatre, de manière qu'il puisse par là apparaître que les navires appartiennent véritablement à la partie neutre. Ces passeports seront valides pour un nombre quelconque de voyages; mais il seront renouvellés chaque année, si le navire retourne chez lui dans l'espace d'une année. Si ces navires sont chargés, ils seront pourvus non seulement des passeports susmentionnés mais aussi de certificats semblables á ceux mentionnés au même article, de manière que l'on puisse connaître s'il y à bord des marchandises de contrebande. Il ne sera exigé aucune autre pièce, non obstant tous usages et règlemens contraires; et s'il n'apparait pas par ces certificats qu'il y ait des marchandises de contrebande á bord, les navires seront laissés à leur destination. Si, au contraire, il apparait, par ces certificats, que les dits navires ayent des marchandises de contrebande á bord, et que le commandant offre de les délivrer, l'offre sera acceptée, et le navire sera remis en liberté de poursuivre son voyage; à moins que la quantité de marchandises de contrebande ne soit trop grande pour pouvoir être prise convenablement à bord du vaisseau de guerre ou corsaire; dans ee cas le navire pourra être amené dans le port pour y déliv rer la dite marchandise. Si un navire est trouvé sans avoir le passeport ou les certificats ci-dessus exigés, l'affaire sera examinée par les juges ou 1800. not to authorise usage of examined by a proper judge or tribunal, and if it shall appear September 30. from other documents or proofs, admissible by the nations, that the ship belongs to the citizens of the neutral condemnation. party, it shall not be confiscated, but shall be released with her cargo (contraband goods excepted) and be permitted to proceed on her voyage. The death of the master, not If the master of a ship, named in the passport, should hapto affect ship or pen to die or be removed by any other cause, and another put in his place, the ship and cargo shall nevertheless be equally secure, and the passport remain in full force. cargo. be boarded by Ships examined ART. 18. If the ships of the citizens of either of the parties under the right of search, to be shall be met with, either sailing along the coasts, or on the visited in boats, high seas, by any ship of war or privateer of the other; for the the armed ship remainingout of avoiding of any disorder, the said ships of war or privateers cannon shot and shall remain out of cannon shot, and may send their boats on two or three board the merchant ship which they shall so meet with, and hands only. may enter her to the number of two or three men only, to whom the master or commander of such ship shall exhibit his passport concerning the property of the ship, made out according to the form prescribed in the fourth article. And it compelled to go is expressly agreed that the neutral party shall in no case be required to go on board the examining vessel for the purpose of exhibiting his papers, or for any other examination what The neutral party not to be board sucharmed vessel. Merchantmen, not to be visit ed. ever. ART. 19. It is expressly agreed by the contracting parties, under convoy, that the stipulations above mentioned, relative to the conduct to be observed on the sea by the cruisers of the belligerent party towards the ships of the neutral party, shall be applied only to ships sailing without convoy; and when the said ships shall be convoyed, it being the intention of the parties to observe all the regard due to the protection of the flag displayed by public ships, it shall not be lawful to visit them; but the The verbal de- verbal declaration of the commander of the convoy, that the commander of ships he convoys belong to the nation whose flag he carries, the convoyto be and that they have no contraband goods on board, shall be considered by the respective cruisers as fully sufficient: the two parties reciprocally engaging not to admit under the protection of their convoys, ships which shall carry contraband goods destined to an enemy. claration of the deemed satisfactory. Receipts to be given for the papers of a captured vessel. ART. 20. In all cases where vessels shall be captured or detained, under pretence of carrying to the enemy contraband goods, the captor shall give a receipt for such of the papers of the vessel as he shall retain, which receipt shall be ap tribunaux compétens; et s'il consté par d'autres documens ou preuves admissibles par l'usage des nations, que le navire partient à des citoyens de la partie neutre, il ne sera pas condamné, et il sera remis en liberté avec son chargement, la contrebande exceptée, et aura la liberté de poursuivre sa route. Si le capitaine nommé dans le passeport du navire venait à mourir, ou à être ôté par toute autre cause, et qu'un autre fut nommé à sa place, le navire et sa cargaison n'en seront pas moins en sûreté, et le passeport demeurera dans toute sa force. ART. 18. Si les bâtimens des citoyens de l'une ou l'autre nation sont rencontrés le long des côtes, ou en pleine mer, par quelques vaisseaux de guerre ou corsaires de l'autre; pour prévenir tout désordre, les dits vaisseaux ou corsaires se tiendront hors de la portée du canon et enverront leur canot à bord du navire marchand qu'ils auront rencontré: ils n'y pourront entrer qu'au nombre de deux ou trois hommes, et demander au patron ou capitaine du dit navire, exhibition du passeport concernant la propriété du dit navire, fait d'après la formule prescrite dans l'article quatre, ainsi que les certificats susmentionnés relatifs à la cargaison. Il est expressément convenu que le neutre ne pourra être contraint d'aller a bord du vaisseau visitant pour y faire l'exhibition demandée des papiers ou pour toute autre information quelconque. ART. 19. Il est expressément convenu par les parties contractantes, que les stipulations cidessus, relatives à la conduite qui sera tenue à la mer par les croiseurs de la parties belligérante, envers les bâtimens de la partie neutre, ne s'appliqueront qu'aux bâtimens naviguant sans convoi: et dans le cas où les dits bâtimens seraient convoyés, l'intention des parties étant d'observer tous les égards dus à la protection du pavillon arboré sur les vaisseaux publics, on ne pourra point en faire la visite. Mais la déclaration verbale du commandant de l'escorte, que les navires de son convoi appartiennent à la nation dont ils portent le pavillon, et qu'ils n'ont aucune contrebande à bord, sera regardée par les croiseurs respectifs comme pleinement suffisante; les deux parties s'engageant réciproquement à ne point admettre sous la protection de leur convoi, des bâtimens qui porteraient des marchandises prohibées à une destination ennemie. ART. 20. Dans le cas où les bâtimens sera pris ou arrêtés sous prétexte de porter à l'ennemi quelqu' article de contrebande, le capteur donnera un reçu des papiers du bâtiment qu'il retiendra, lequel reçu sera joint à une liste énonciative 1800. September 30. 1800. Hatches &c. not sea. annexed to a descriptive list of the said papers: and it shall be September 30. unlawful to break up or open the hatches, chests, trunks, casks. bales, or vessels, found on board, or remove the smallto be broken up est part of the goods, unless the lading be brought on shore or opened, at in presence of the competent officers, and an inventory be made by them of the said goods. Nor shall it be lawful to sell, exchange, or alienate the same in any manner, unless there shall have been lawful process, and the competent judge or judges, shall have pronounced against such goods sentence of confiscation, saving always the ship and the other goods which it contains, The master, or ART. 21. And that proper care may be taken of the vessel supercargo of a and cargo, and embezzlement prevented, it is agreed, that it captured vessel not to be remo- shall not be lawful to remove the master, commander, or suved. percargo of any captured ship from on board thereof, either during the time the ship may be at sea after her capture, or pending the proceedings against her, or her cargo, or any thing relative thereto. And in all cases where a vessel of the Crew and pas- citizens of either party shall be captured, or seized, and held sengers to be for adjudication, her officers, passengers and crew, shall be kindly treated. hospitably treated. They shall not be imprisoned or depriv ed of any part of their wearing apparel, nor of the possession and use of their money, not exceeding for the captain, supercargo, and mate, five hundred dollars each, and for the sailors and passengers, one hundred dollars each. Prizes to be ART. 22. It is further agreed, that in all cases, the estabcondemned on-lished courts for prize causes, in the country to which the ly by established courts. prizes may be conducted, shall alone take cognizance of them. And whenever such tribunal of either of the parties shall pronounce judgment against any vessel or goods, or property, claimed by the citizens of the other party, the sentence or decree shall mention the reasons or motives on which the same shall have been founded, and an authenticated copy of the sentence or decree, and of all the proceedings in the case, shall, if demanded, be delivered to the commander or agent of the said vessel, without any delay, he paying the legal fees for the same. The reasons for condemnation to be stated. Damages done by ships of war, to be satisfied. ART. 23. And that more abundant care may be taken for the security of the respective citizens of the contracting parties, and to prevent their suffering injuries by the men of war or privateers of either party, all commanders of ships of war and privateers, and all others the said citizens, shall forbear doing any damage to those of the other party or committing |