good Cannon; nevertheless, the Elector of Bavaria took it with Eafe in the Beginning of the late War, when that Prince declar'd for his Nephew the King of Spain, tho' 'tis faid, his Electoral Highness had a Correfpondence at the fame time in the Town. But the Battle of Hochftet help'd to restore it to its Liberty, and notwithstanding the Menaces of the Marfbal de Villars, it receiv'd an Imperial Garifon.

From Ulm I went to AUGSBOURG†, a very ancient City, where a Roman Colony was planted by the Emperor Auguftus, from whom it had the Latin Name Augufta. It has from time to time undergone feveral Revolutions: In 1518 Luther came hither to give a public Account of his Doctrine; and in 1530, Charles V. fummon'd the Dyet of the Empire hither, which Dyet was famous for the noted Confeffion of Augsbourg, that the Proteftants prefented to the Emperor. In another Dyet held in 1548, the fame Charles V. propos'd that Formulary call'd the Interim, with regard to the Communion in both Kinds, and the Marriage of Priefts: This Formulary has done irreparable Injury to the Catholic Religion.

Augsbourg had a very great Share in the Civil Wars between our Ancestors, on account of Religion. During that Period, the Proteftants feiz'd the City, and turn'd out the Bishop and Clergy; but Charles V. having retaken it, reestablish'd the Romifb Religion in it, and alter'd the whole Government, which continued in that State till the Beginning of April 1552. when the Proteftants took it again, and restor❜d what the Emperor had destroy'd; and at length a Peace was concluded at Augsbourg; but the City did † See Vol. I. p. 273.

not

not long enjoy the Sweets of it, and Violences were foon committed on both Sides. The famous Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, came to the Aid of the Proteftants. He arriv'd at Augsbourg in 1632. The Inhabitants paid him extraordinary Honours, which was very provoking to the Catholic Princes, and to the Duke of Bavaria, who Two Years after punish'd them for it. This Prince having declar'd himself the Protector of the ancient Religion, befieg'd Augfbourg, and reduc'd the Citizens to fuch Extremity, that they eat Rats, Cats, and even human Flefh. It was fettled at the Peace of Weftphalia, that the Catholics and Lutherans fhould tolerate one another, which was afterwards punctu ally obferv'd. Nevertheless, this City was again molested by the Elector of Bavaria in the laft War, when he made himself Mafter of it, but his Troops abandon'd it immediately after the Battle of Hochftet. After the Peace of Weftphalia, the Emperor Leopold fummon'd the Dyet of the Empire to Augsbourg in 1690, and there he caus'd himself to be crown'd, and his Son Jofeph to be elected King of the Romans.

The affembling of the Dyets, and the flourishing Trade at Augsbourg, have render'd it one of the most magnificent Cities in Germany. Its Squares are large, its Streets fpacious, and its Fountains very beautiful. The Town-Houfe is one of the finest Buildings that I have feen. 'Tis a vaft fquare Edifice, well-built of Free-stone. The Porch is all of Marble. Almost all the Rooms are wainscotted and ceil'd with very fine Timber. There's a Hall 110 Feet long, 58 broad, and 52 Feet in Height, the Pavement of which is Marble, and its Walls adorn'd with Paintings, intermix'd with Emblems and Devices

relating

relating to the Government. The Ceiling, which exceeds all the reft for its Beauty, has Compartments, the Squares and Pannels whereof are inrich'd with Sculptures, very finely gilt, and full of beautiful Pictures and other Ornaments. The Cathedral is large and fpacious, with a most remarkable great Gate, all of Brafs, over which there are feveral Scripture Paffages, reprefented in Baffo-Relievo of very nice Workmanship. The Epifcopal Palace has nothing extraordinary. The prefent Bishop is of the Family of Newbourg, and Brother to the Elector of Triers, and the Elector Palatine. The Dignity of Prince of the Empire is annex'd to that of Bishop of Augsbourg, in the fame manner as it is to all the Bishopricks of Germany. He is chofe by the Chapter, which is compos'd of Canons, who are noble by Sixteen Defcents. The Bishop's Sovereignty extends over almost all the Territory of Augsbourg.

I am now going to give you an Account of one of the moft fplendid Courts in allGermany, I mean that of Bavaria, which I had the Honour to fee at MUNICH, whither I went at my Departure from Augsbourg. + Munich, which is the Ca pital of Bavaria, ftands upon the River Ifer, that falls into the Danube, for which Reafon the Neighbourhood is almoft all Meadow Land. The Town is not large, but very well built, fo that I have scarce feen any that makes fo gay an Appearance. Munich contains feveral stately Buildings, both facred and profane. Among the former, the Two fineft, that I took Notice of, are, our Lady's Church, and that of the Jefuits.

In our Lady's Church there's a magnificent Tomb of the Emperor Lewis IV. adorn'd with + See Vol. 1. p. 258. Figures

Figures of Marble and Brafs. There's one Thing remarkable in this Church, and that is, at the Entrance of the great Gate there's a particular Place, from whence, as one ftands, we obferve fuch a Regularity in the Difpofition of the Pillars which support the Roof, that there is not a Window to be perceiv'd in it, tho' there are a great many:

The Jefuits Church is alfo extremely magnificent. It confifts intirely of one Nave, very lofty and fpacious, the Roof of which is very noble, and adorn'd all over with Sculpture. The Veftry contains a great deal of Wealth in Relics, and in Veffels of Gold and Silver.

Their College is as magnificent as their Church, there can be nothing finer; and I could not help thinking the Outfide of it exceeded the Electoral Palace. In the Infide there are great Rooms, which ferve as Claffes for the Scholars that come to study with them.

The Elector's Palace deferves a diligent View, for it may compare with the Palaces of the most powerful Sovereigns and I think that, excepting the Palace of the Tuilleries, there's none fo big. Yet for all this it has one Defect, common to the Palaces of all Sovereigns, it having been built at feveral Times, and being by Confequence irregular. The first Time I faw it, I own to you that I was difgufted at this Irregularity; and that it fell vaftly fhort of the Idea I had conceiv'd of the Building from what I had read of it in the Relations publifh'd by Travellers.

Of all the Parts of the Electoral Palace, there's not one that is more magnificent than that which is commonly call'd the Emperor's Apartment: The principal Room in it is a Hall, which is

118 Feet long, and 52 broad, and may be reckon❜d a complete Piece of Work; 'tis adorn'd with fine Paintings, reprefenting facred and profane History, which are rang'd in exact Order, one over-against the other; and under each of the historical Paffages there are Latin Verfes explaining the Subject: The Chimney-piece is as magnificent as the reft of the Apartment; on the Top of it there's the Statue of Porphyry, of admirable Workmanship, reprefenting Virtue, holding a Spear in her Right Hand, and a Branch of gilt Palm in her Left. The Ceiling is adorn'd with gilt Compartments, and with Paintings of a noble Defign.

Going out of the great Hall, we pass thro' a very fpacious Antichamber into the Hall of Audience, which is very much ornamented, as is all the reft. 'Tis there that the Electors give Audience to the foreign Minifters, and there are Eight great Compartments, fhewing the different manners after which the foreign Princes give Audience to Ambaffadors. There are other Pictures representing the Hiftories of feveral Judgments pafs'd by Sovereigns, that have adminifter'd Juftice in Perfon; and thefe Pictures are accompany'd with Hieroglyphics, Emblems and Devices fuitable to the Subject.

The long Gallery is very magnificent, both for its Extent and for the Pieces it contains. 'Tis adorn'd with Baffo Relievo's of a noble Design, and with coftly Pictures, among which are the Effigies and Names of 36 Princes, the Predeceffors of the prefent Elector. There are also very fine Maps of the feveral Provinces, Cities and Appendages of his Electoral Highness's Dominions. There's another Gallery not quite fo big indeed, but as finely adorn'd, and especially