PLATE XXXIX TYPHA LATIFOLIA 1, Sterile seed, showing large size of pericarp. 2, Fertile seed. (The pericarp fits closely over the kernel.) 3, Seed, or kernel, removed from pericarp. 4, Embryo protruding through pericarp. 5, Same as 4, with pericarp removed. 6, Growing embryo as it appears when removed from seed. 7, Embryo pushing open cap of seed. 8, Beginning of formation of root. (The arrow indicates the developing leaf.) 9, Further development of young plant. (The leaf has protruded and root hairs have developed on the root.) 10, Young plant with three leaves and three roots, showing disintegration of tip of first leaf, whereby it frees itself from the seed PLATE XL TYPHA LATIFOLIA AND CALENDRA PERTINAX Typha latifolia: 11, Cross section of leaf. 12, Cross section of a small part of leaf, showing more detail. 13, Cells of rhizome filled with starch grains. (Dormant season.) 14, Part of 12 enlarged to show structure of epidermis, chlorophyll, supporting tissue, and vascular bundles. 15, Cells of rhizome partly filled with starch grains. (Growing season.) 18, New offsets Calendra pertinax: 16, Egg. 17, Egg inserted in sheath of cat-tail. 19, Rhizome of cat-tail cut open to show larval work. 20, Newly hatched larva PLATE XLI ARZAMA OBLIQUA 21, Egg. 22, Full-grown larva. 23, Pupa. 24, Egg mass on cat-tail leaf. (The larvae have emerged and mined along the middle part of the leaf, thus causing the center to die.) 25, Cat-tail leaf with egg mass, showing mine and exit holes of larvae. 26, Adult female. 27 and 28, Full-grown overwintering larvae in stalks of cat-tail. 29, Newly hatched larva 30, Dorsal view of caudal segments of larva, showing position of spiracles on eighth abdominal segment. 31, Tracheal system of full-grown larva. (Only the first one of the five branched tracheal tubes is shown in its entire length) |