PARADIGM-continued.

PLUPERFECT (had been loved, &c.).

S. Amatus ĕrăt, Mōnĭtus ĕrăt,
P. Amāti ĕrant. Mõnītī ĕrant.

[Rectus ĕrăt, Audītus ĕrăt, Recti erant. Audīti ĕrant.

FUTURE PERFECT (shall or will have been loved, &c.).

Rectus ĕrit, Audītus ĕrit,

S. JAmatus ĕrit, Monitus ĕrit,

S. Amatus essět, Mõnitus essět,

PLUPERFECT (might have been loved, &c.).

Rectus esset, Audītus esset,
Recti essent. Audīti essent.

P. Amāti essent. Mõniti essent.

333. VOCABULARY.

spect, to see, discover.

Aestĭmārě, av, āt, to value, to prize. | Interfícĕrě (ið), fēc, fect, to kill.
Colloquium, I, conference, meeting. Interim, in the mean time, mean
Conspicěrě (io), conspex, con-
while.
Lēnīs, ě, mild, merciful.
Dēcerněrě, décrèv, decrēt, to de- Literae, árum (pl.), letter, epistle
Mittěrě, mis, miss, to send.
Dícěrě, dix, dict, to say, speak, Părărě, āv, át, to prepare.

cree.

name.

Quintus, ă, ŭm, fifth.

Făcĕrě (io), fēc, fact, to do, make, Secundus, ă, um, second. perform. Sententiă, ae, sentiment. Frangěrě, freg, fract, to break, to Supplicatio, onis, thanksgiving. | Vīgintī, twenty.

violate.

Amātus est, he has been loved.

Amătă est, she has been loved.

Amātum est, it has been loved.

Amati sunt, they (men) have been loved.
Amatae sunt, they (women) have been loved.
Amată sunt, they (things) have been loved.

334. Exercises.

(a) 1. Supplicatio decrēta est. 2. Mors omnibus parāta est. 3. Dies colloquio dictus erat ex eo die quintus. 4. Multa ab Caesăre in eam sententiam dicta sunt. 5. Faciam id quod est lenius et utilius. 6. Mittuntur ad Caesarem a Balbo literae. 7. Interim milites legiōnum duarum ab hostibus conspiciebantur. 8. Milites legiōnum duarum conspecti sunt.

(b) 1. A thanksgiving had been decreed to Caesar. 2. Twenty soldiers of the tenth legion had been killed in the second battle. 3. Money has ever been valued very highly. 4. Has not money always been valued very highly? 5. Were not the laws broken at Athens? 6. The laws had been broken at Rome. 7. We will appoint the tenth day for a conference. 8. Messengers had been sent to the king. 9. A soldier was sent to the king.

LESSON LVIII.

Indicative Mood of the Passive Voice.

335. THE persons of the tenses for continued action in the indicative and subjunctive moods may be formed from the corresponding parts of the active, as follows:

a) The first persons, by dropping the final consonant (when there is one), and adding r; e. g., ămor (pass. r added).

Amo (act.),

Amābăm (act.), ămăbăr (pass. m dropped, r added).

b) The second persons, by changing s (sing.) into ris (or rě), and tis (plur.) into mìnī; e. g.,

Amās (act.), ǎmāris (or rě) (pass. s changed to ris or re). Amātis (act.), ǎmāminī (pass. tis

แ

"mini).

c) The third persons, by adding ŭr (323); e. g.,

337. The first and second persons of the passive may accordingly be formed directly from the third (as already obtained), by changing its ending into those of the first and second, and observing the same principles for vowel changes as apply to the active (248); e. g.,

3d Pers.

Sing. Amatur,
Plur. Amantur,

ǎmor (vowel changed) ămārīs (rē). ămāmur, ǎmāmīnī.

338. The first and second persons of the tenses for completed action may be obtained directly from the third person, by simply changing the third person of the proper tense of esse into the first and second; e. g.,

Sing. Amātus est,
Plur. Amati sunt,

ǎmātus sum,

ǎmātus ĕs.

amātī sumus,

ǎmātī estis.

Au-abăr,

Am-abamur,

IMPERFECT (1st root), wasved, &c.

Mon-ĕbăr, Rěg-ébăr, Aud-ie păr, Am-abaris (re), Mõn-ebaris (re), Reg-ēbaris(re), Aud-iēbāris(rě), Am-abatur; Mon-ēbātur ; Reg-ebatur; Aud-iēbātur; Mon-ēbāmur, Reg-ebamur, Aud-iēbāmur, Mon-ēbāmini, Reg-ēbāminī, Aud-iēbāmīni, Mon-ebantur. Reg-ebantur. Aud-iebantur. FUTURE (1st root), shall or will be loved.

Am-ābāminī,

Am-abantur.

Am-abĕris (rě), Mon-ēběris (rě), Rĕg-ēris (rě),

Am-abor, Mon-ēbōr, Rĕg-ăr,

Am-abitur; Mon-ebitur; Reg-etur;

Am-abimur, Mon-ēbĭmur,

Reg-emur,

Am-abimini,

Mon-ēbimini,

Rĕg-ēminī,

Am-abuntur. Mon-ebuntur.

Reg-entur.

PERFECT (3d root, perf. part. and sum*), was or have been loved.

Amat-us sum,* Mõnĭt-us sum, Rect-us sum,

Audīt-ŭs sŭm,

PLUPERFECT (3d root, perj. part. and ĕrăm†), had been loved.

|Amat-üs ěrăm,f Monit-us ěrăm, |Rect-is ěrăm,
Amat-us ĕrás, Mōnĭt-us ĕrās, Rect-us ĕrás,
Amat-us ĕrăt; Mõnit-ŭs ĕrăt; Rect-us ĕrăt;
Amat-ī ĕramus, Mõnĭt-i ĕrămus, Rect-ī ĕramus,
Amat-i ĕrátis, Mónit-i ĕratis, Rect-i ĕratis,
Amat-i ĕrant. Mõnit-i ĕrant. Rect-i ĕrant.

* Fui is sometimes used instead of sum (331, N.).

Audit-us ěrăm,
Audīt-ŭs ĕrás,
Audīt-us ĕrăt;
Audīt-i ĕrāmŭs,
Audit-i ĕratis,
Audit-i ĕrant.

† Fuĕrăm is sometimes used instead of ĕrăm (331, N.).

PARADIGM-continued.

FUTURE PERFECT (3d root, perf. part. and ĕrŏ*), shall or will have been loved, &c.

Carthaginiensis, is, a Carthagi- Mensis, is, m., month.

(a) 1. Tempora mutantur et nos mutāmur in illis. 2. Finītur labor agricolae mense Novembri. 3. Vos laudainĭni, puĕri qui bene didicistis. 4. Donabor clipeo et hasta, si bene pro patria pugnavero. 5. Admoneběris, ne iram excites. 6. Graeci a Romanis superati sunt. 7. Eodem anno Carthaginienses et Graeci a Romānis superāti sunt 8. Proditionis accusati estis. 9.

Ambitus accusati sumus.

(6) 1. You will be punished. 2. Has he not been punishea? 3. We have been admonished not to ac

Fuero is sometimes used instead of ĕro (331, N.).