3. Grammatical gender feminine, except dies, a day (m. and f. in singular, and m. in plural), and mĕrīdiēs, mid-day (masc.). *In the ending of the gen. and dat. sing. e is long, except in spoi (where it is short), fidei, and rei (where it is common). REM.-The above table presents the endings of all nouns in the Latin language, except a few derived from the Greek. II. GRAMMATICAL GENDER, independent of nominative ending. III. GRAMMATICAL GENDER, as determined by nominative ending. Alvus domus, hůmŭs, and vannŭs, are feminine; pělăgůs and virus, neuter; vulgus, generally neuter, sometimes masculine. *Nouns in ir have natural gender. This list of exceptions contains some whose gender is not grammatical. They are given here for convenience of reference. THIRD DECLENSION. 1) MASCULINES. (do and go.) Cardo, còmědŏ, harpăgă, ordŏ, ūnědě, lĩgỗ, and margð (the last sometimes fem.). (as.) As and Greek nouns in as (gen. antis). (is.) Amnis, anguis, axis, cassis, cinis (or f.), collis, crinis, ensis, fascis, finis (or f.), follis, fūnis, ignis, lăpis, mensis, orbis, pānis, piscis, postis, pulvis, sanguis, torris, unguis, vectis, and vermis. (8 impure.) Adeps, dens, fons, forceps (or f.), mons, pons, quadrans, and rudens. (x.) Călix, cōdex, cortex, grex, pollex, thōrax, and vertex. (1) Sal and sōl. (n.) Liën, pectěn, rên, and many words of Greek origin. (ur.) Furfur, turtur, and vultur. (us) Lepus and mūs. 2) FEMININES. (or and os.) Arbor, cōs, and dōs. (es increasing.) Compes, merces, mergès, quiēs, rèquies, sègès, and těgěs. (o.) Cără, échō, and Argō. (us.) Grus (m.), incūs, juventūs, pălūs, pěcůs (ŭdis), sălūs, senectūs, servĭtūs, sūs (m.), tellūs, and virtūs. 3) NEUTERS. (er.) Cădăvěr, ĭtěr, tüběr, üběr, vēr, verběr, and names of plants in er. (or.) Ador, aequos, cor, and marmor. (as and es.) Fās, něfās, vās, and aes. (os.) Os (ōrĭs), Ŏs (ossis), and the Greek words, chaos, ĕpòs, ethos, and mělŏs. FOURTH DECLENSION. Acus, īdus, mănus, porticus, and tribus, are feminine.. FIFTH DECLENSION. Dies and mĕrīdies are masculine, though the former is sometimes fem. in sing. 580. Adjectives.-First and second Declension. 1. Case-endings of adjectives of the first and second declension. N. ús, ěr,t G. I, D. ō, A. um, 2. Paradigms. N. ບັກ ům. ŭm. REM. 1.-Most adjectives in er drop è before r of the root in all genders. REM. 2.-The following adjectives have the genitive singular in ius (the i is gene rally short in alterius), and the dative singular in in all genders, viz.: ăliùs, another; nullus, no one; sūlūs, alone; tōtūs, the whole; ullus, any; ūnūs, one; alter, the other; neuter, neither; and utěr, which (of the two). 581. Adjectives of the Third Declension. 1. Adjectives of the third declension may be divided into three classes, viz.: * The declensions of the different genders are here indicated by numerals. In adjectives in er, the masc. nom. sing. is generally the root (ě is sometimes dropped): ĕr, therefore, is not properly a case-ending; it is given merely to show the termination of the nom. and voc. sing., without regard to the root (107). See list, 113, REM. 1) Those which have three different forms in the nominative singular (one for each gender). 2) Those which have two (the masc. and fem. being the same). 3) Those which have but one (the same for all genders). 2. Adjectives of the third declension are declined in their several genders like nouns of the same declension, gender, and ending. It must, however, be observed, 1) That those which have only one form in the nominative singular have the abl. sing. in ĕ or i, and the rest, with the exception of comparatives, in i only. 2) That all except comparatives have, in the plural, the nom., acc., and voc. neuter in iă, and the genitive in ium. |