data being the materials, bark, leaves, skin, paper, etc.

1603.

An edition of the New Testament was printed in English at Dort by Isaac Canin. This town of the Netherlands was the residence of the Courts of Holland, and the place where the independence of the United Provinces was first declared. Here was held the famous Synod of Dort which anathematized the doctrines of Arminius, and was productive of much intestine disturbance in the Netherlands. A copy of this Bible is in the possession of Rev. Dr. Gott. edition of the New Testament was printed in Dutch, at Cologne, by the heirs of Dietenberger, and an edition of the Rheims N. T., was published at Antwerp.

1604.

An

A version of Luther's German Bible, with copious notes, was translated by Johann Piscator from the Latin version of Junius and Tremellius, and was printed in Herbern, a village of Rhenish Prussia. This is known as the "Straff mich Gott Bible," from a mistranslation of Mark VIII: 12, 13. The typographical work was done by Christoph Raben. A copy is in the possession of Mr. Abram H. Cassel of Harleyville, Pa. The publication of Luther's version was the proximate cause of the production of many other German translations, some even by the enemies of the reformation.

version by the Canon of Louvain, was printed in Flemish at Cologne.

An edition of the New Testament was issued at Copenhagen, and printed in Danish from the text of the 1599 edition. A letter from King Christian IV, was sent to the rector of the university with the request that great care be taken in order to have this edition

as perfect as possible. The king eventually appointed Dr. Resen, bishop of Zealand, to superintend another revision of the scriptures. The old version was therefore again collected with the original texts, and several European translations were consulted.

An edition of the Bible was printed in French by Berjon, and an edition of the Bible in Danish was published at Copenhagen by John Paul Refenius, who also was a bishop of Zealand. This good bishop was evidently determined that the many Danes, affiliated with the people of this portion of the Netherlands, should have the privilege of reading the Bible in their vernacular, and he spent much labor in the preparation of this edition. He managed

to find time for this work, notwithstanding the fact that his diocese was an extensive one, and comprised the islands of Walcheren, Beveland, Tholan, Duiveland and Schowen.

1606.

A version of the New Testament, prepared by Armund Laurent, was published in Swedish at Stockholm.

nineteenth edition.

A French Protestant Bible was printed in folio at La Rochelle from the press of the heirs of Haultin, the index to which was prepared by Pastor Jaques Marlin. This is a beautiful reprint of the first thorough revision of the Olivetano-Calvanistic Bible, by the Venerable Compagnie at Geneva, under the guidance of C. B. Bertram. It is known as the Geneva edition of 1589, where the word l'Eternal is uniformly employed for the name of Jehovah. This volume is a large folio, bound in oak, and covered with leather stamped by hand with curved and rectilinear figures. A copy of this rare Bible is in the large and valuable collection of the "Societe de l'Histoire du Paotestantisme Francais," of which Baron Bon F. de Schickler is the honored president.

Calvin and Olivetan worked hand in hand together, although they did not always think alike. When Calvin left La March College he entered the service of Rome, and was noted for his devout attention to the rules of the church, never missing a single fast, a mass, or a procession. Soon he felt the breath of the gospel beginning to stir in the moral atmosphere, fanned by the teachings of Lefevre and Farel. He heard people talk of the Holy Scriptures as published by these men, but for a time he remained a strong adversary of the Reformation. His cousin, Kobert Olivetan, was tinctured with what Calvin regarded as heresy, and these youthful friends had many

long and earnest conversations, each diligently seeking to convert the other. Olivetan urged upon Calvin to study the Scriptures, and following the advice of his friend he began little by little to see the hollowness of the forms he had been so scrupulously observing. In the summer of 1531, Calvin returned to Paris where he preached in the secret meetings of the evangelists, and taught the people from house to house as he had opportunity. At the opening of the Sorbonne in the autumn of 1553, Dr. Nicholas Cop, rector of the Sorbonne, was to deliver the annual address. He had shown himself friendly to the Reformation, and Calvin insisted that he should improve this opportunity to proclaim the gospel boldly in the face of France. The rector replied that he was a physician not a divine, but that if Calvin would write the address he would deliver it. To this plan Calvin consented and the address was written under the name of "Christian Philosophy." It declared that the remission of sins could only be obtained by the grace of God, and that Jesus Christ is the true and only Intercessor with the Father. The excitement produced by its reading was so great that Cop was summoned to appear in the Palace of Justice; but having been warned by a member of the Court that martydom. would be his fate, he sought a safer home by escaping to Basle. Officers were then sent to arrest Calvin, and place him in the Conciergerie, but friendly students brought a rope and

let him down from his room through a window, and in the garb of a vinedresser he fled to Angouleme where he spent six months in the home of Louis du Tillet. Availing himself of the library of his friend, one of the finest in France, he there began at the age of twenty-three, to write his Institutes, which D'Aubigne pronounced to be the best work of the Reformation. Proceeding from Angouleme to Noyan and Poictiers, he, in the presence of a Protestant congregation, observed true scriptural order. The Genevan version was printed in English at London by R. Barker, and an edition of the Bible was printed in Latin at Venice. Among the curiosities of the English Bibles is a "Manufactured Edition," with a stolen title-page. The title-page of a Genevan Bible, also the first to the third chapters of Genesis, are appliqued into a discolored copy of the King James version. It is neatly done, with great skill, and requires the closest scrutiny to detect the fraud. Where the edges lap, a border of heavy red pigment hides the connection. This is one of the best imitations and would readily deceive many persons not possessing critical discernment.

1607.

An edition of the Lettish or Livonian Gospels is ascribed to Elger, a Livonian, who entered the order of the Jesuits, but it does not appear that this version was ever committed to the press.

An edition of the Bible in Danish

was completed at press, in 8 vo., at Copenhagen.

1608.

A portion of the Old Testament was printed in Latin at Antwerp by Montanus, and an edition of the New Testament, with notes, was published in the same language at Amsterdam.

An edition of Olivetan's and Calvin's version of the Bible was published in French at Paris, and portions of the Sacred Scriptures were translated by Dr. Daniels into Irish.

An edition of the Bible was printed in Dutch at Leyden by Jacobszoon and Bouwensszoon, and an edition of the New Testament was printed in Italian at Geneva by Diodati.

An edition of Barker's Breeches Bible was printed in London. A copy is in the State Library at Albany.

An edition of the Bible was printed at Geneva by Jean Vignon, a copy of which is in the collection of the Bible Society at Paris.

1609.

An edition of the Bible was printed in English at Geneva by Robert Barker, and an edition was printed in French at Lyons by Ancelin.

An edition of the Bible was printed in Italian at Venice, and one, containing many beautiful illustrations, passed through the press of de Bry.

An edition of the New Testament made its appearance under the supervision of Haultin. A copy is in the Bibliotheque de la Societe Biblique Protestante de Paris,

An edition of the Douay Bible was printed by Lawrence Killam, a copy being in the possession of the Princeton Theological Seminary.

In this edition the word treacle, so printed in 1565, was changed to rosin (Jeremiah VIII: 22), and from such circumstance it obtained the name of "Rosin Bible." This is a companion translation of the Rheim's Version.

An edition of the New Testament was printed in Greek and Latin by Stoer, and the Psalms of David were printed in Latin and German at Cologne. There had been a time when to print the Bible in this city was to court death in the form of martyrdom, and, according to tradition, one of the ancient churches of Cologne was lined with the bones of martyrs slain during the reign of Diocletian. At this place. a Roman colony was planted by the Emperor Claudius, here was the house where Rubens was born, and where Mary of Medicis died.

An edition of the New Testament was printed in Icelandic at Holm, and the type used was of large size adapted to the convenience of the islanders, who, owing to the high latitude, are much of the time forced to read by lamplight. It was not until this century that there were Bibles enough on the island to meet the wants of the population, and not more than fifty copies were to be found in Iceland.

1610.

An edition of the English Genevan Bible passed through the press of

Robert Barker at London. It was handsomely printed and remarkably free from typographical errors.

An edition of the Bible was printed at La Rochelle by Bruyn Schinckel.

An edition of the Montanus New Testament was printed in Greek and Latin, a copy of the same being in the Ypres Library.

Dr. Van Dyck writes that a version of the Psalms, made from the Syriac, was printed at Shuweir on Mount Lebanon. The boon conferred upon the Syrian churches in the multiplication of copies of the Scriptures has been highly appreciated, and our missionaries relate that much good has been done to the people of the East by the substitution of vital godliness for a merely outward form of religion.

An edition of the Peshito version of the Bible was printed in Syriac at the convent of St. Antoine, Lebanon. This standard Syriac translation of the Old, and a part of the New Testaments, made in the third century of the Christian era, is believed to be the work of Christian Jews.

1611.

An edition of the Holy Bible, newly translated out of the original tongues, was printed at London by Robert Barker. This is the standard issue of the English Bible, but there was another separate issue, and these two editions were the parents of millions of our Bibles. They are sometimes called the "Great He Bible," and the "Great She Bible," from their respective readings

of Ruth III: 15, the one reading "he measured six measures of barley, and laid it on her, and he went into the city;" and the other reading, "she went into the city." With regard to this authorized version, dedicated to King James I, it will be remembered. that at the Hampton Court Conference between the Low Church faction and the Church party, it was agreed that a new translation of the Bible should be undertaken. The foundation of this work was laid by William Tyndale, whose translation of the New Testament was the true primary version. In this continuous work of authoritative revision three successive stages may be recognized; first, the publication of the Great Bible of 1539-41, in the reign of Henry VIII; next, the publication of the Bishop's Bible, by which name this English version was also called. It was translated from the Hebrew in the reign of James Ist, and a commission of fifty-four eminent scholars (subsequently reduced to forty-seven) were selected for the work. They commenced their labors in 1607 and completed them in 1611. They were divided into six companies, with Bancroft, Bishop of London, as the chief director. Under him were Bilson, bishop of Winchester; Dr. Myles Smith, and a number of professors from Westminster and the Universities. The Old Testament and the Apocrypha were assigned to four companies, and the New Testament was placed with two companies, the one consisting of eight members sitting at Oxford, and the

other consisting of seven members sitting at Westminster. These several companies communicated with each other from Oxford, Cambridge and Westminster, the three centres at which the work was prosecuted. The fact that the New Testament was divided between two separate bodies of men, involved a grave inconvenience and was doubtless the cause of some incongruities. These probably would have been much more serious had it not been provided that there should be a final supervision of the whole Bible. by selected members from the various companies. These supervisions were six in number, and the companies were occupied in the actual revision about two years and nine months. The study of the Authorized Version had to be very minute and critical, and the longer they remained at the work the more they learned to admire its simplicity, its power, its dignity, and its general accuracy. In the publication of this Bible, King James rendered some pecuniary aid, but the greater portion of the expense was sustained by Robert Barker. The first edition of this Bible can also be distinguished from the second by taking notice that in the first edition the words "Appointed to be read in the Churches" are omitted in the New Testament title, and the word Emorite is used instead of Amorite. In Exodus XIV: 10, there is a repetition, and in the headline of II Chronicles, 29 is 39.

In the second issue these errors are corrected, but it has some of its own,