to hold a seat in the convention. Curtis made a brilliant speech, commencing, "A Republican and a free man I came to this convention, and by the grace of God a Republican and a free man will I go out of it," and the obnoxious motion was withdrawn. "I carry my sovereignty under my hat," has become the watchword of the Independents. Curtis was one of the prominent leaders against Blaine, the Republican candidate, in the campaign of 1884.

I am Not Worth Purchasing; but, such as I am, the King of Great Britain is Not Rich Enough to do It.-This was the reply of General Joseph Reed, a member of the Continental Congress, to an offer of £10,000 and any colonial office in the king's gift, as the price of his influence to restore the colonies to Great Britain. The offer was made through a lady soon after the evacuation of Philadelphia by the British in 1778.

Idaho was acquired by the Louisiana purchase. (See Annexations I,) It formed successively a part of Oregon and of Washington Territories. It was seprately organized by Act of March 3, 1863, and was admitted to the Union as a State by Act of July 3, 1890. It is entitled to one seat in the House of Representetives and three electoral votes. The population according to the last census (1890) was 84,385. The capital is Boise City. (See Governors; Legislatures.)

I do not Feel that I Shall Prove a Dead-head in the Enterprise if I Once Embark in it. I See Various Channels in which I Know I Can be Useful. These are the closing sentences of James G. Blaine's letter to Warren Fisher, dated June 29, 1869. They came into common use in the presidential campaign of 1884. (See Mulligan Letters.)

I'd Rather be Right than be President of the United States.-Henry Clay, though he favored a high tariff, in 1833 introduced a bill reducing the then existing duties. (See Tariffs of the United States.) Its object was to pacify the agricultural States, which had objected vehemently. In South Carolina the opposition.

had taken a very serious form. (See Nullification.) His friends told Clay that his chances for the presidency would be injured thereby. His reply is given above.

If a Crow Wants to Fly Down the Shenandoah, He Must Carry His Provisions With Him.-In 1864, after defeating the Confederate General Early, General Sheriden devastated the valley of the Shenandoah in order to prevent any further movements on Washington from that quarter. So thoroughly was this done that the above remark is said fairly to describe its condition at that time.

If Any One Attempts to Haul Down the American Flag, Shoot Him on the Spot.-In December, 1860, General John A. Dix, Secretary of the Treasury, ordered two revenue cutters from New Orleans to New York. New Orleans was at that time practically in the hands of secessionists, and the captain of one of the cutters refused to obey the order. Dix telegraphed to the lieutenant to place the captain under arrest, and closed his dispatch as above.

I Have Just Given to England a Maritime Rival that Will Sooner or Later Humble Her Pride. The remark made by Napoleon on the purchase of Louisiana from France.

Illini. (See American Knights.)

I'll Try, Sir.-During the battle of Lundy's Lane in the War of 1812, a certain British battery was doing great damage to the Americans. Colonel Miller was asked if he could take it and answered as above. saying has become historic.

The

Illuminati.-A Latin word meaning the enlightened. It had been used by different sects in Europe at different times. In United States history the name was used to denote certain societies of French sympathizers about the year 1799.

Immigration.-Prior to the year 1820 no official records of the arrival of alien passengers were kept. It is estimated, however, that the total number arrived in the United States from 1775 to the year 1820 was 250,000. It has been estimated that prior to the year 1856

about 98 per cent. of the total aliens arrived were immigrants. The following table shows the number of aliens up to 1859, and the number of immigrants subsequent to that date arriving in the United States between 1824 and 1892:

The nationality of immigrants to the United States for the year ending June 30,1891, was as follows: Germans, 113,554; English, 53,600; Irish, 55,706; Italians 76,055; Swedes, 36,880; Scotch, 12,557; Norwegians, 12,568; Danes, 10,659; Swiss, 6,811; French, 6,766; Europe, not specified, 158,829: total Europe, 543985; all others, 16,334. Of the whole number of immigrants, 448,403 came through the customs district of New-York, 40,694 through Baltimore, 30,951 through Boston, 26,152 through Philadelphia, and 114,119 through all others.

The reported occupations of immigrants who arrived during the year ending June 30, 1891, were as follows: Laborers, 139,365; farmers, 29,296; servants, 28,625; carpenters, 3,776, miners, 3,745; clerks, 3,653; tailors, 3,879; shoe-makers, 2,232; blacksmiths, 1,792; The total number of professional men was 3,236, of skilled laborers, 44,540; of unskilled and miscellaneous, 211,756. (See Population of the United States.)

Illinois. From the old Indiana Territory (see Territories) Michigan Territory was separated in 1805 and Illinois Territory in 1809, the latter including much of the region north of the present limits of the State. Illinois was admitted as a State on December 3, 1818. The capital is Springfield. The population in 1880 was 3,077,871, and in the last census (1890) 3,826,351. Illinois is entitled to twenty seats in the House of Representatives and twenty-two electoral votes. The latter can be relied on by the Republican party. The name is taken from its principal river, which in turn is derived from the Indian tribe of the Illini, supposed to mean "superior men." Popularly the State is called the Prairie, or Sucker, State, and its inhabitants "suckers." (See Governors; Legislatures.)

Impeachment is the accusation and prosecution by a legislative body of an officer for mal-administration. The portions of the Constitution relating to impeachment are as follows: Article 1, section 2, clause 5; Article 1, section 3, clauses 6 and 7; Article 2, section 4. The President, Vice-President and all civil officers of the United States are liable to impeachment for treason, bribery or other high crimes and misdemeanors. The House of Representatives has the sole right of impeachment, drawing up the accusation and appointing persons to conduct the prosecution before the Senate. The accused is tried by the Senate, over which, when the President is impeached, the Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court presides. A two-thirds vote of the Senators present is necessary to conviction. Punishment only extends to removal from, and disqualification to hold, office under the United States, but the convicted person is still liable to an ordinary trial according to law. The President has not the power to pardon in cases of impeachment. Impeachments of State officers are pro

vided for by the Constitutions of the various States. Seven impeachments of federal officers are known to our history. Only two of these resulted in convictions. I.-William Blount was a Senator from Tennessee. Certain papers which President Adams transmitted to Congress in July, 1797, showed that Blount had, while Governor of his State, been engaged in a scheme for transferring by force from Spain to Great Britain the territory on the Lower Mississippi. He was expelled from the Senate. A year later the House presented articles of impeachment, and the trial commenced in December, 1798. One of the points raised by Blount's counsel was that he, as Senator, was not a "civil officer," and consequently not liable to impeachment, and the Senate upheld this plea and acquitted Blount for want of jurisdiction. II.-John Pickering was United States District Judge for the district of New Hampshire. In March, 1803, he was impeached and tried for making unlawful decisions, and for drunkenness and profanity on the bench. By a party vote, the Federalists voting in his favor, he was convicted on March 12th and removed from office. III.-Samuel Chase, of Maryland, was an Associate-Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. In the latter part of 1804 he was impeached for unwarranted actions in several political trials, and for language reflecting on the government. The trial began on January 2, 1805. On some of the articles of impeachment a majority were in his favor; on others a majority were against him. The largest vote for conviction on any one article was nineteen to fifteen. He was therefore acquitted on March 1, 1805, and held his judicial position till his death, about six years later. IV.-James H. Peck was United States District Judge for the district of Missouri. He was impeached for arbitrary conduct in a judicial proceeding. The trial commenced on December 13, 1830, and he was pronounced not guilty, twenty-one voting for conviction and twenty-four for acquittal. V.-West H. Humphreys was United States District Judge for the district of Tennessee. He failed to resign his seat