2. By a noun in apposition, as, William the Conqueror defeated Harold. _Ralph the Rover walked the deck 3. By an infinitive. The best course, to treat him kindly, occurred to none.

4. By a participle. She, weeping, turned away.

Or participial phrase. His eldest brother having returned he gave up the estate.

5. By a prepositional phrase. The love of money is the root of all evil, The ship with all her crew went down.

218.-The predicate of a sentence asserts of the subject what it is, what it does, or what is done to it. Thus, "John is a man. 99 "The hare runs." "The horse was burnt." 219.-The object is frequently mentioned as the completion of the predicate.

*

220. Some verbs require a second object to complete the predicate, called the indirect or factitive object of the verb. This indirect object may be a noun alone, or a pronoun, or a noun or pronoun with a preposition, or an infinitive: as

"The people made him King."

"She made him her heir."

"The people counted him for a prophet."
"It shall grind him to powder."

221. In parsing a sentence containing an indirect object, it is often serviceable to supply the word or words understood. Thus, "She gave him a present"might be arranged: "She gave a present to him," where him would be seen to be in the objective case governed by the preposition to.

:

222. The predicate may be enlarged or extended :1. By an adverb, as ; She sang sweetly.

He died heroically.

2. By an adverbial phrase, which has the following forms.

a. As a noun, or a noun phrase,

—(Angus.)

"He rode three miles, and then returned.'

*This is the term used to denote the indirect object after verbs signifying making, appointing, or creating as, Nature

made Mr. Jones a poet, but destiny made him a postman.

"Nine times the space that measures day and night
"To mortal men, he fell."-(MILTON.)

b. As a participle, or a participial phrase, as-
"He died shouting victory.'

"He excepted, all were saved."

"And on he moves to meet his latter end,
Angels around befriending virtue's friend."-

c. As an adjective used adverbially :

(GOLDSMITH.)

Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown."-(HY. IV.)

d. As a prepositional phrase:

"Newton was born at Woolsthorpe."

(place).

"His first prism was of glass."

(material).

"And he used it for analysing light."

(purpose).

EXERCISE.

1. Analyse the following sentences, thus

The weak king immediately dissolved the long parliament. Subject. Predicate. Object. Extension of Sub. Of Pred. Of Obj. The king dissolved parliament weak immediately long.

The ship rolled unsteadily. The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea. I'll hide the maid in a cypress tree. Not a star was to be seen. His arrival here was quite unexpected. These were dispositions apparently counterfeited. He ventured nothing without nice examination. A school for the poor has been built in that place. The " 'Essay on Man" was a work of great labour. Passion and pride were to her soul unknown.

2. Write out the sentences in the following lines as prose, and then analyse

"This plaintive note disturb'd not the repose

Of the still evening. Right across the lake Our pinnace moves: then, coasting creek and bay, Glades we beheld, and into thickets peep'd, Where couch the spotted deer; or raised our eyes To shaggy steeps on which the careless goat Browsed by the side of dashing waterfalls." WORDSWORTH. 223.-Hitherto we have considered only such sentences as contain one finite verb, and which are called simple

sentences.

224.-The term one finite verb is used, because it may happen that two or three, or even more words which form parts of verbs may be used to express one complete act, &c. Thus, "I shall come home." Here shall and come together express a determined act, which cannot be otherwise expressed, at least in the English language, by one word. Yet these two verbs only form one finite verb.

225.-When two or more simple sentences are connected by conjunctions so as to form one sentence, we have a compound sentence: thus, "I shall go away, and James will come home." In this example we have two simple sentences connected by the conjunction and.

226.-The simple sentences which together form the compound sentence are all of equal value; and no one of them is dependent on another in any shape or form.

227.-The simple sentences in a compound sentence are joined together by certain conjunctions, which are called co-ordinative conjunctions because they connect coordinate or equal sentences.

228. The principal co-ordinative conjunctions will be found (177). To those mentioned, however, the following may be added :—but, yet, however, therefore, wherefore, hence, whence.

229.-Sometimes a compound sentence is put in a contracted form; one subject (1) perhaps having two or more predicates, or one predicate (2) having two or more subjects, or two or more objects (3); or having two or more extensions of the predicate (4); and sometimes the connecting particles (words) are omitted (5). (Angus). Thus::

1. "With ravished ears,

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The monarch hears,
Assumes the god,
Affects to nod,

And seems to shake the spheres."-(DRYDEN.)

2. Not a drum was heard, not a funeral note."-(WOLFE.) "Woe came with war and want with woe."-(SCOTT.) 3. "Cromwell placed England at the head of the Protestant interest, and in the first rank of Christian powers.' (MACAULAY.)

4. "He taught every nation to value her friendship and to dread her enmity."-(MACAULAY.)

5. "I stood by her cradle: I followed her hearse."

(GRATTAN.) "Reading makes a full man; speaking a ready man ; writing a correct man."-(BACON.)

"Last noon beheld them full of lusty life,
Last even, in beauty's circle proudly gay;

The midnight brought the signal sound of strife,
The morn, the marshalling in arms; the day
Battle's magnificently stern array." -(BYRON.)

230.-It will be a good exercise for the student to supply such parts of the sentence as are left out in each of the above Examples. In the last example, it will be seen, there is a remarkable omission of predicates. The first Example might be written:

Separate the following compound sentences, 1, into simple sentences, and 2, analyse the simple sentences.

I. EXAMPLE.-FROM M'LEOD'S DRYDEN'S ENEID OF VIRGIL, "And now the latter watch of wasting night,

And setting stars, to kindly rest invite;
But, since you take such interest in our woe,
And Troy's disastrous end desire to know,
I will restrain my tears and briefly tell
What in our last and fatal night befell."

(DRYDEN'S VIRGIL.)

I.-ANALYSIS INTO SIMPLE SENTENCES.

SENTENCES.

And now the latter watch of wasting night,
And setting stars, to kindly rest invite.

2 But I will restrain my tears,

3 And I will briefly tell those events

4 Which in our last and fatal night befell,

5 Since you take such interest in our woe,

6 And since you desire to know Troy's disastrous end.

II.-ANALYSIS INTO SUBJECT, OBJECT, AND EXTENSION OF

Prosperity gains friends and adversity tries them. In all these things we see the wisdom, the skill, and the goodness of God. Many are called, but few are chosen. The king was without power, and the nobles were without principle. Nobody can be healthful without exercise, neither natural body nor politic; and certainly, to a kingdom or estate, a just and honourable war is the true exercise.

You see with your eyes, but you cannot see with your nose. Through weeds and thorns, and matted underwood

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I force my way; now climb, and now descend,

O'er rocks, or bare or mossy, with wild foot
Crushing the purple whorts: while oft unseen
Hurrying along the drifted forest-leaves,
The scared snake rustles."-COLERIDGE.

*The words supplied are printed in Italics.