adoption of the Perth Articles by the reluctant Scottish Church, who crowned Charles I at Holyrood and was made by him chancellor of Scotland, who was forced by that perfidious king to alienate himself from the Scottish Church, so that he was excommunicated by it, and was at the same time so betrayed by the king as to be compelled to resign the chancellorship, who wrote a monumental "History of the Church of Scotland," and whose mortal remains were interred in Westminster Abbey. The son of Archbishop Spottiswoode, and father of Alexander Spottswood, was also a man of parts and distinction.

Of such ancestry Alexander Spottswood was born, and students of heredity may find much fruitful suggestion in the story of his career. By ancestry Scotch, by nativity African, he was born. at Tangier, in Morocco, in early life, a soldier under Marlborough in Germany and at Blenheim, and finally governor of the colony of Virginia, he was deeply imbued with that cosmopolitanism which naturally leads toward imperial designs. Inheriting the memories of fierce ecclesiastical controversies, what wonder that at the end he came to grief through a conflict with the Church? grandsire, the archbishop, and a kinsman of a later generation, William Spottiswoode, the great mathematician, were honored with sepulture in Westminster Abbey and their names are conspicuously recorded in history. Alexander Spotts

His

wood's name is written upon the map of a world-embracing empire, and his dust is enshrined within the soil of the Old Dominion, where the gates of that empire were opened by his own hand. It is not the least of his distinctions that he was one of the best of all our colonial

governors. He was able, honest, high-minded, far-seeing, enterprising, stalwart in body and in mind, his very frailties being of heroic mould. He was one of the first true republicans of America, chiding the aristocrats of Virginia for their airs and pride and equally criticising the commoners for their lack of pride and of self-assertion. He would have had the former realize that they were no better than the latter, and the latter that they were as good as the former. He had, moreover, the personal valor to lead whatever venture his ambition dictated.

This was the man who, as early as in 1718, first "marched over the mountain wall" of the Blue Ridge, through the Swift Run Gap, and first of all white men entered the beautiful valley of Virginia, watered by the Shenandoah. Never was the con

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quest of an empire begun in fashion more debonair. At the head of the cavalcade rode the knightly veteran of Blenheim, Spottswood himself, in the prime of vigorous manhood, just come to forty year." Behind him were fifty Virginia cavaliers, ready for any adventure into which their chief might lead. Behind them came a long retinue of negro slaves and Indian guides, spare horses, and

sumpter-mules laden with provisions and casks of native Virginian wine. Marshalled and guided by

the sound of the hunter's horn, they rode gayly through the passes of the Blue Ridge, in the enchanting weather which late summer and early autumn bestow upon that favored region, and entered the valley of the Shenandoah, destined in after years to be trodden by the hoofs of other cavalcades and to be the scene of tragic desolation. There were lacking the fair faces of Virginian dames and maidens. It was no expedition for womankind. The unknown road was rugged, the temper of the Indians was uncertain, and the panther crouched on the overhanging branch and the rattlesnake coiled in the grass and among the autumn flowers. Hardship and deadly peril were not unknown to Spottswood and his venturous riders. Yet it was on the whole a gay and merry company, enjoying, as they themselves declared, a glorious hunting-picnic amid the hills. Upon the banks of the Shenandoah the camp was pitched, and high wassail was held, with the grouse and pheasant which they shot in the forest glades and the wine they had brought from the vineyards of the Virginia lowlands. A smile is provoked by the memory that Spottswood first named the river Euphrates, in accord with the neo-classicism of that day. Better and more to the present purpose was his act in declaring the river and all the lands it drained and watered the property of the British

wood's name is written upon the map of a world-embracing empire, and his dust is enshrined within the soil of the Old Dominion, where the gates of that empire were opened by his own hand. It is not the least of his distinctions that he was one of the best of all our colonial governors. He was able, honest, high-minded, far-seeing, enterprising, stalwart in body and in mind, his very frailties being of heroic mould. He was one of the first true republicans of America, chiding the aristocrats of Virginia for their airs and pride and equally criticising the commoners for their lack of pride and of self-assertion. He would have had the former realize that they were no better than the latter, and the latter that they were as good as the former. He had, moreover, the personal valor to lead whatever venture his ambition dictated.

This was the man who, as early as in 1718, first "marched over the mountain wall" of the Blue Ridge, through the Swift Run Gap, and first of all white men entered the beautiful valley of Virginia, watered by the Shenandoah. Never was the conquest of an empire begun in fashion more debonair. At the head of the cavalcade rode the knightly veteran of Blenheim, Spottswood himself, in the prime of vigorous manhood, just "come to forty year." Behind him were fifty Virginia cavaliers, ready for any adventure into which their chief might lead. Behind them came a long retinue of negro slaves and Indian guides, spare horses, and

sumpter-mules laden with provisions and casks of native Virginian wine. Marshalled and guided by the sound of the hunter's horn, they rode gayly through the passes of the Blue Ridge, in the enchanting weather which late summer and early autumn bestow upon that favored region, and entered the valley of the Shenandoah, destined in after years to be trodden by the hoofs of other cavalcades and to be the scene of tragic desolation. There were lacking the fair faces of Virginian dames and maidens. It was no expedition for womankind. The unknown road was rugged, the temper of the Indians was uncertain, and the panther crouched on the overhanging branch and the rattlesnake coiled in the grass and among the autumn flowers. Hardship and deadly peril were not unknown to Spottswood and his venturous riders. Yet it was on the whole a gay and merry company, enjoying, as they themselves declared, a glorious hunting-picnic amid the hills. Upon the banks of the Shenandoah the camp was pitched, and high wassail was held, with the grouse and pheasant which they shot in the forest glades and the wine they had brought from the vineyards of the Virginia lowlands. A smile is provoked by the memory that Spottswood first named the river Euphrates, in accord with the neo-classicism of that day. Better and more to the present purpose was his act in declaring the river and all the lands it drained and watered the property of the British