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power, or should voluntarily incorporate itself into the empire of another, it would not be compatible with American interests for its colonial possessions in American waters or on the American continent to go with it into that new

connection.

America cannot, however, play the part of the dog in the manger. She cannot prohibit the transfer of these islands from one power to another without accepting the alternative. She must, that is to say, stand ready to take possession of them herself whenever they are to be separated from their present owners. This, we may assume, will in each case be effected by peaceful treaty of purchase and cession, though it behooves this country to be not unprepared for more strenuous measures, should alien animosity or other circumstances make them necessary for the protection and maintenance of American rights.

Beyond these possible prospects of expansion, it is not profitable to look. Expansion has never been and never should be an end in itself, but merely a means of working out our highest national destiny. It has in the past proved such a means, absolutely essential and inestimably profitable. It would hereafter be deplorable, and deserving of strongest condemnation, for America to seize upon any additional territory, great or small, through mere lust of land. It would be equally deplorable and worthy of condemnation for America to decline

the acquisition, whether by peaceful purchase or by forcible conquest, of any territory the control of which by us was dictated by humanity or honor, or the possession of which was essential to our own safety, peace, and prosperity.

INDEX

ADAMS, John, share in making | ASTOR, John Jacob, founds settle-

Treaty of Paris, 53.
ADAMS, John Quincy, supports
Jackson in Florida, 145; ungrate-
fully treated by Jackson, 146; ne-
gotiations with Don Luis de
Onis, 147; opposed by treacher-
ous colleagues, 148; his triumph,
149; treatment of General Vives,
150; forecasts Monroe Doctrine,
153; vigorous Texan policy, 164;
maligned by Jackson, 170; Cuban
policy, 264.

ALASKA, history of, 199; decline
of prosperity, 201; boundary de-
termined by Russia and Great
Britain, 204; Russia's desire to
relinquish, 205; negotiations
over, 208; treaty of cession to
United States, 211; government
and status of, 216; Bering Sea
controversy, 217; value of the
territory, 219.
AMBRISTER case, 144.
AMELIA ISLAND, 140.
AMERICA, North, early division of,
3; after French and Indian War,
28; French and Spanish designs
in 1783, 48; under Treaty of
Paris, 55; final division, 198.
AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE, seeds
sown in French and Indian War,
28; full fruition found only in
continental domination, 80.
ARBUTHNOT case, 144.

ment in Oregon, 184.
AURY, John, 140.

BARANOFF, Alexander, 201.
BENTON, Thomas Hart, on Cal-
houn's Texas policy, 175; on
Oregon, 192.

BERING SEA controversy, 217.
BLAINE, James G., vigorous policy
in Hawaii, 240.
BLOUNT, J. H., "Commissioner
Paramount" to Hawaii, 250.
BONAPARTE, Napoleon, plans
French empire in America, 74;
expedition to Louisiana, 76;
scorns Jefferson's proposal for
Louisiana, 93; sudden change
of policy, 94; offers to sell
Louisiana, 95.

BOTTA'S History quoted, 47.
BURR, Aaron, negotiations with
Jackson, 137.

CALHOUN, John C., Texas annex-
ation policy, 174; Oregon pol-
icy, 189; comments on Mexican
War, 197.

CARONDELET, Baron, incites Ind-
ians to hostility, 67.
CLAIBORNE, W. C. C., at transfer
of Louisiana, 116; first governor
of Louisiana, 118.

CLARK, George Rogers, 33;
scheme for winning Northwest

Territory, 35; negotiations with
Patrick Henry, 36; his dual
commission, 38; beginning of
Kaskaskia campaign, 40; capture
of Kaskaskia, 41; capture of
Vincennes, 43; builds Fort Jef-
ferson, 45; secession plans and
intrigues with Spain, 66; in-
trigues with Genet, 68.
CLARK, William, expedition to
Oregon, 184.

CLAY, Henry, Cuban policy, 267.
CLEVELAND, Grover, withdraws

Hawaiian annexation treaty,
250; sends J. H. Blount to
Hawaii, 250; condemns United
States action in Hawaii, 251;
abandons Hawaiian problem,
255; recommends sanction of
Hawaiian lease to Great Britain,
256; message on intervention in
Cuba, 270.

CONGRESS, instructions to Peace
Commissioners, 48; ratifies
Treaty of Paris, 57; votes
$2,000,000 to Jefferson for pur-
chase of New Orleans, 90; rati-
fies Louisiana Purchase, 97;
debates over Louisiana, 100;
power to hold and govern terri-
tory, 110; provides government
for Louisiana, 117; authorizes
seizure of Florida, 131; rejects
Texas annexation treaty, 175;
Tyler's appeal to House against
Senate, 176; annexation of Texas
by joint resolution, 178; Oregon
treaty, 194; reasons for acquir-
ing Alaska, 212; terms of Alaska
treaty, 214; Hawaiian reciprocity
defeated, 238; failure to ratify
Hawaiian annexation treaty,
250; refusal to sanction British
lease of Hawaiian island, 256;
new Hawaiian annexation
scheme considered, 257; an-

nexation of Hawaii by joint
resolution, 259; territorial gov-
ernment provided for Hawaii,
259; government provided for
Tutuila, 262; intervention in.
Cuba ordered, 274; Treaty of
Paris ratified, 287.
"CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED,"
ignored by Jefferson in Louisi-
ana, 118.
CONSTITUTION of United States,

Jefferson's strict construction of,
96; interpretation of it through
Louisiana Purchase, 100; power
to acquire territory, 101; no
limit upon exterior powers of
the nation, 107; power to hold
territory outside of or to incor-
porate it into the Union, 108;
intention of authors, 156; Web-
ster's exposition of, 156; ex-
tension of it to Hawaii, 258;
principles involved in Samoa,
262; principles involved in
Treaty of Paris, 295.

CUBA, United States policy toward,
first declared, 153; Adams's
statement concerning, 264; Jef-
ferson's policy, 266; Clay's
policy, 267; American protector-
ate over, 268; outbreak of final
revolution, 269; destruction of
the Maine, 269; grounds for
American intervention, 272; in-
tervention ordered, 274; not to
be annexed by the United States,
274; disposition of in Treaty of
Paris, 280; post bellum annexa-
tion talk, 288; becomes an inde-
pendent republic, 292; mainte-
nance of American protectorate,
292.

DAVIS, Cushman K., Peace Com-
missioner, 279; attitude toward
annexation of Philippines, 282,

DAY, William R., Peace Commis-
sioner, 279; attitude toward an-
nexation of Philippines, 282.
DEWEY, George, destroys Spanish
fleet at Manila, 277.
DINWIDDIE, Robert, executor of
Spottswood's scheme of expan-
sion, 16; sends out Ohio Com-
pany, 18; appeals to England,
19; sends Washington to North-
west Territory, 20; decides on
war, 22; sends Washington with
troops to Pittsburg, 23.

ELLICOTT, Andrew, marks Florida

boundary, 72.

ENGLISH COLONIES, early extent
and character, 4.
EXPANSION, first step taken by
Virginia, 9; results of French
and Indian War, 28; results of
Revolution and Treaty of Paris,
55; nation's first step under the
Constitution, 98; a new era in
expansion, 127; President Grant's
plans defeated, 238; future pos-
sibilities, 303.

FILLMORE, Millard,
policy, 235.

brister tragedy, 144; treaty of
cession, 151; significance of
annexation, 152; legal and con-
stitutional controversies over, 154.
FORSYTH, John, policy concerning
Cuba, 268.

FORT NECESSITY, 26.
FRANCE, early holdings in Amer-
ica, 3; expulsion from America,
28 hostility to America in 1783,
49; chagrin at Treaty of Paris, 54;
purchase of Louisiana from
Spain, 75; regarded as chief foe
of United States, 86; prepara-
tions for war with, 91; again ex-
cluded from North American
continent, 95; aggressions upon
Hawaii, 232; proposal for triple
guarantee in Cuba, 267.
FRANKLIN, Benjamin, share in
Treaty of Paris, 53; letter to
Vergennes, 54.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR, be-
gun, 27; results, 28.
FRYE, William P., Peace Com-
missioner, 279; attitude toward
annexation of Philippines, 282.

Hawaiian GADSDEN PURCHASE, 196.

FISH, Hamilton, Hawaiian annexa-
tion policy, 239.

FLORIDA, acquisition of, made in-
evitable by that of Louisiana, 128;
importance of, to United States,
129; England's retrocession to
Spain, 129; first dispute concern-
ing, 130; Jefferson's schemes
of annexation, 130; Congress
authorizes seizure, 131; our
policy dictated by the law of
self-protection, 132; outlaws in
Florida, 136; Jackson's invasion,
139; Aury, and Amelia Island,
140; practical conquest by Jack-
son, 143; Arbuthnot and Am-

GALVESTON, United States expedi-
tion to, 140.
GENET, M., intrigues to involve
America in war, 68; commissions
George Rogers Clark in French
army, 69; recalled to France in
disgrace, 70.

GODOY, "Prince of the Peace,"
forced by Pinckney to make
treaty, 71.

GRAY, George, Peace Commis-
sioner, 279; attitude toward an-
nexation of Philippines, 282.
GRAY, Robert, discovers Columbia
River, 182.

GREAT BRITAIN, claims Oregon,
186; negotiations over Oregon,

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