power, or should voluntarily incorporate itself into the empire of another, it would not be compatible with American interests for its colonial possessions in American waters or on the American continent to go with it into that new
America cannot, however, play the part of the dog in the manger. She cannot prohibit the transfer of these islands from one power to another without accepting the alternative. She must, that is to say, stand ready to take possession of them herself whenever they are to be separated from their present owners. This, we may assume, will in each case be effected by peaceful treaty of purchase and cession, though it behooves this country to be not unprepared for more strenuous measures, should alien animosity or other circumstances make them necessary for the protection and maintenance of American rights.
Beyond these possible prospects of expansion, it is not profitable to look. Expansion has never been and never should be an end in itself, but merely a means of working out our highest national destiny. It has in the past proved such a means, absolutely essential and inestimably profitable. It would hereafter be deplorable, and deserving of strongest condemnation, for America to seize upon any additional territory, great or small, through mere lust of land. It would be equally deplorable and worthy of condemnation for America to decline
the acquisition, whether by peaceful purchase or by forcible conquest, of any territory the control of which by us was dictated by humanity or honor, or the possession of which was essential to our own safety, peace, and prosperity.
ADAMS, John, share in making | ASTOR, John Jacob, founds settle-
Treaty of Paris, 53. ADAMS, John Quincy, supports Jackson in Florida, 145; ungrate- fully treated by Jackson, 146; ne- gotiations with Don Luis de Onis, 147; opposed by treacher- ous colleagues, 148; his triumph, 149; treatment of General Vives, 150; forecasts Monroe Doctrine, 153; vigorous Texan policy, 164; maligned by Jackson, 170; Cuban policy, 264.
ALASKA, history of, 199; decline of prosperity, 201; boundary de- termined by Russia and Great Britain, 204; Russia's desire to relinquish, 205; negotiations over, 208; treaty of cession to United States, 211; government and status of, 216; Bering Sea controversy, 217; value of the territory, 219. AMBRISTER case, 144. AMELIA ISLAND, 140. AMERICA, North, early division of, 3; after French and Indian War, 28; French and Spanish designs in 1783, 48; under Treaty of Paris, 55; final division, 198. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE, seeds sown in French and Indian War, 28; full fruition found only in continental domination, 80. ARBUTHNOT case, 144.
ment in Oregon, 184. AURY, John, 140.
BARANOFF, Alexander, 201. BENTON, Thomas Hart, on Cal- houn's Texas policy, 175; on Oregon, 192.
BERING SEA controversy, 217. BLAINE, James G., vigorous policy in Hawaii, 240. BLOUNT, J. H., "Commissioner Paramount" to Hawaii, 250. BONAPARTE, Napoleon, plans French empire in America, 74; expedition to Louisiana, 76; scorns Jefferson's proposal for Louisiana, 93; sudden change of policy, 94; offers to sell Louisiana, 95.
BOTTA'S History quoted, 47. BURR, Aaron, negotiations with Jackson, 137.
CALHOUN, John C., Texas annex- ation policy, 174; Oregon pol- icy, 189; comments on Mexican War, 197.
CARONDELET, Baron, incites Ind- ians to hostility, 67. CLAIBORNE, W. C. C., at transfer of Louisiana, 116; first governor of Louisiana, 118.
CLARK, George Rogers, 33; scheme for winning Northwest
Territory, 35; negotiations with Patrick Henry, 36; his dual commission, 38; beginning of Kaskaskia campaign, 40; capture of Kaskaskia, 41; capture of Vincennes, 43; builds Fort Jef- ferson, 45; secession plans and intrigues with Spain, 66; in- trigues with Genet, 68. CLARK, William, expedition to Oregon, 184.
CLAY, Henry, Cuban policy, 267. CLEVELAND, Grover, withdraws
Hawaiian annexation treaty, 250; sends J. H. Blount to Hawaii, 250; condemns United States action in Hawaii, 251; abandons Hawaiian problem, 255; recommends sanction of Hawaiian lease to Great Britain, 256; message on intervention in Cuba, 270.
CONGRESS, instructions to Peace Commissioners, 48; ratifies Treaty of Paris, 57; votes $2,000,000 to Jefferson for pur- chase of New Orleans, 90; rati- fies Louisiana Purchase, 97; debates over Louisiana, 100; power to hold and govern terri- tory, 110; provides government for Louisiana, 117; authorizes seizure of Florida, 131; rejects Texas annexation treaty, 175; Tyler's appeal to House against Senate, 176; annexation of Texas by joint resolution, 178; Oregon treaty, 194; reasons for acquir- ing Alaska, 212; terms of Alaska treaty, 214; Hawaiian reciprocity defeated, 238; failure to ratify Hawaiian annexation treaty, 250; refusal to sanction British lease of Hawaiian island, 256; new Hawaiian annexation scheme considered, 257; an-
nexation of Hawaii by joint resolution, 259; territorial gov- ernment provided for Hawaii, 259; government provided for Tutuila, 262; intervention in. Cuba ordered, 274; Treaty of Paris ratified, 287. "CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED," ignored by Jefferson in Louisi- ana, 118. CONSTITUTION of United States,
Jefferson's strict construction of, 96; interpretation of it through Louisiana Purchase, 100; power to acquire territory, 101; no limit upon exterior powers of the nation, 107; power to hold territory outside of or to incor- porate it into the Union, 108; intention of authors, 156; Web- ster's exposition of, 156; ex- tension of it to Hawaii, 258; principles involved in Samoa, 262; principles involved in Treaty of Paris, 295.
CUBA, United States policy toward, first declared, 153; Adams's statement concerning, 264; Jef- ferson's policy, 266; Clay's policy, 267; American protector- ate over, 268; outbreak of final revolution, 269; destruction of the Maine, 269; grounds for American intervention, 272; in- tervention ordered, 274; not to be annexed by the United States, 274; disposition of in Treaty of Paris, 280; post bellum annexa- tion talk, 288; becomes an inde- pendent republic, 292; mainte- nance of American protectorate, 292.
DAVIS, Cushman K., Peace Com- missioner, 279; attitude toward annexation of Philippines, 282,
DAY, William R., Peace Commis- sioner, 279; attitude toward an- nexation of Philippines, 282. DEWEY, George, destroys Spanish fleet at Manila, 277. DINWIDDIE, Robert, executor of Spottswood's scheme of expan- sion, 16; sends out Ohio Com- pany, 18; appeals to England, 19; sends Washington to North- west Territory, 20; decides on war, 22; sends Washington with troops to Pittsburg, 23.
ELLICOTT, Andrew, marks Florida
ENGLISH COLONIES, early extent and character, 4. EXPANSION, first step taken by Virginia, 9; results of French and Indian War, 28; results of Revolution and Treaty of Paris, 55; nation's first step under the Constitution, 98; a new era in expansion, 127; President Grant's plans defeated, 238; future pos- sibilities, 303.
FILLMORE, Millard, policy, 235.
brister tragedy, 144; treaty of cession, 151; significance of annexation, 152; legal and con- stitutional controversies over, 154. FORSYTH, John, policy concerning Cuba, 268.
FORT NECESSITY, 26. FRANCE, early holdings in Amer- ica, 3; expulsion from America, 28 hostility to America in 1783, 49; chagrin at Treaty of Paris, 54; purchase of Louisiana from Spain, 75; regarded as chief foe of United States, 86; prepara- tions for war with, 91; again ex- cluded from North American continent, 95; aggressions upon Hawaii, 232; proposal for triple guarantee in Cuba, 267. FRANKLIN, Benjamin, share in Treaty of Paris, 53; letter to Vergennes, 54.
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR, be- gun, 27; results, 28. FRYE, William P., Peace Com- missioner, 279; attitude toward annexation of Philippines, 282.
Hawaiian GADSDEN PURCHASE, 196.
FISH, Hamilton, Hawaiian annexa- tion policy, 239.
FLORIDA, acquisition of, made in- evitable by that of Louisiana, 128; importance of, to United States, 129; England's retrocession to Spain, 129; first dispute concern- ing, 130; Jefferson's schemes of annexation, 130; Congress authorizes seizure, 131; our policy dictated by the law of self-protection, 132; outlaws in Florida, 136; Jackson's invasion, 139; Aury, and Amelia Island, 140; practical conquest by Jack- son, 143; Arbuthnot and Am-
GALVESTON, United States expedi- tion to, 140. GENET, M., intrigues to involve America in war, 68; commissions George Rogers Clark in French army, 69; recalled to France in disgrace, 70.
GODOY, "Prince of the Peace," forced by Pinckney to make treaty, 71.
GRAY, George, Peace Commis- sioner, 279; attitude toward an- nexation of Philippines, 282. GRAY, Robert, discovers Columbia River, 182.
GREAT BRITAIN, claims Oregon, 186; negotiations over Oregon,
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