water level, at a cost of $130,775.60, including contingencies and engineering.

The river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, appropriated $52,336 for this work. Under contract in force with the Breakwater Co., Cleveland, Ohio, under which it was expected to complete the breakwater arm, operations were begun May 23, 1910, and were in progress at the beginning of the fiscal year, continuing until December 7, 1910, when work was suspended for the season.

It having been found that the funds on hand were not sufficient to complete the work as planned, the sum of $15,000 was authorized by the river and harbor act of February 27, 1911, to be used from other allotments for Buffalo Harbor. Under this allotment a supplemental contract was made with the Breakwater Co., May 1, 1911, for the additional quantities of stone required, and extending the time limit for completion to October 31, 1911. Work under this supplemental contract was begun April 24, 1911, and the entire contract was completed June 29, 1911, at a cost of $58,379.14, including contingencies and engineering, making the total cost of the 1,000-foot extension $189,154.74.

Excavating shoals outside north entrance to harbor.-An appropriation of $56,100 was made by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, for excavating rock shoals at entrance of Buffalo Harbor to depth of 23 feet at mean lake level.

A project for the work was forwarded and approved, and contract was made June 14, 1907, with the Lake Erie Dredging Co., the lowest bidder.

Work was begun in June, 1907, and was continued through the fiscal years 1908, 1909, and 1910; time limit waived. Slow progress was largely on account of unfavorable weather and sea.

Dredging was in progress at the beginning of the fiscal year, but the dredge was withdrawn July 5, 1910, on account of continued unfavorable weather and sea.

The dredge worked 11 scattered days in August and was withdrawn, the contract being completed with the exception of removing some rock forming shoal spots, which it was planned to remove with derrick and diver.

The derrick worked October 20, November 3 and 28, December 5, 6, 7, 11, and 13, 1910, unfavorable weather and sea preventing work at other times.

Work with derrick was resumed May 10, 1911, and was completed May 17, final examination completed June 4, 1911, at a total cost of $56,100, including engineering and contingencies.

Detailed examinations of the shoals outside of the north entrance showed the existence of a shoal area north of the main shoal, now removed, on which the depth of water is 20.7 to 23 feet at mean lake level. The removal of this shoal to 23 feet depth at mean lake level, necessary to provide a safe channelway for large vessels making the turn at this entrance, and estimated at $37,400, is authorized, and the funds provided by the special appropriation in the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. Specifications for this work have been prepared, combined with those for removing the Watson Elevator site, which work is being delayed by the failure of the city of Buffalo to transfer the site to the United States in accordance with the provisions of the act.

Miscellaneous.-The inspection steamer Thomas Lincoln Casey was on duty throughout the year on the inspection of operations on harbor works, on the care of floating plant, and on the enforcement of laws for the protection of navigation, notably the dumping of dredgings.

A watchman was on duty throughout the year at the United States engineer storehouse on the south pier for the care of public property, and he also acted as ferryman for employees and supplies to and from the storehouse, and had charge of the automatic water gauge.

The north pier at the entrance to Buffalo River, occupied by the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Co., is the only one of the Government harbor works permanently occupied by corporations or private parties.

The occupancy was begun in 1878. A history of this occupancy and copies of official documents relating thereto are given in the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1889, pages 2373-2383; for 1898, pages 2775 et seq; and for 1904, pages 3258 and 3259.

CONDITION OF THE WORKS.

At the close of the fiscal year the condition of the works was as follows:

North entrance piers.-These works, forming the entrance to the inner harbor, which comprises Buffalo Creek and city ship canal, were in fair condition.

The north pier, still in the possession of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Co., is a timber crib structure and is kept in repair by the railroad.

The south pier has a concrete superstructure for its full length and is in good condition.

Breakwater system. This system comprises four sections of breakwater separated by three entrance channels.

The north breakwater, 2,203 feet long, is a permanent concrete structure and is in good condition.

The old breakwater, 7,608 feet long, of which 4,894 feet is in permanent concrete form, 1,910 feet in stone-concrete form, and 804 feet in timber cribwork. This section needs heavy riprap along the lake. face.

The south harbor breakwater is 9,989 feet long. The northerly 7,250 feet is of rubblestone type, a permanent form. The next 360 feet is of timber crib with stone sea slope, and the adjoining 363 feet of timber crib with stone superstructure and sea slope. Following is 1,800 feet of timber crib with concrete superstructure, and the southerly 216 feet is timber crib with timber superstructure. All is in good condition, but needs heavy riprap along the lake face of the timber-concrete portion.

The Stony Point breakwater is 2,803 feet long, connecting with the shore, of timber-crib type, with an arm extending lakeward 1,000 feet to protect south harbor entrance, rubblestone type. This section is in fair condition, but needs heavy riprap along the lake face of the timber-crib portion.

The condition of the north entrance channel, between the piers, the outer harbor, and the north entrance and south entrance, are as stated in the summary report.

PROPOSED OPERATIONS AND REMARKS.

It is proposed during the next fiscal year to make minor repairs and place riprap along the old, South Harbor, and Stony Point sections of the breakwater; to widen the Buffalo River entrance channel outside the piers to 400 feet, and remove a rock area at its inner end; to remove the Watson elevator site and make additional excavation of rock shoals outside of the north entrance; all to the depth of 23 feet at mean lake level.

Funds on hand will complete the project for improvement.

Maintenance will be required indefinitely; but funds on hand for "repairing and rebuilding breakwaters" and "outer harbor and maintenance of structures and channels" are considered sufficient, and no estimate is therefore made for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913.

COMMERCIAL STATISTICS, BUFFALO HARBOR, N. Y., CALENDAR YEAR 1910. Season of navigation.-Opened, April 12, 1910; closed, December 10, 1910.