tity of ether was poured into the open cone, up to the present, when each drop of these powerful drugs is both measured and timed. Snow, Clover, Paul Bert, Junker, followed in succession, and assisted in eliminating the unknown and placing anesthetics on a firm and solid basis. The Harcourt Chloroform Inhaler in England, the Braun Chloroform-Ether Inhaler in Germany, and the Gigliementi Oxygen-Chloroform Inhaler in France represent the very latest contributions toward the accurate administration of anesthetics. The objection to the French and English inhalers is that they are for chloroform alone, and use closed masks with valves. The Braun Inhaler is the best, but the mask was undesirable.

Dr. Gwathmey then exhibited his own inhaler, the unique features of which are that chloroform or ether can be given singly

or combined in any desired proportion; the ability to increase or decrease the air or oxygen without, at the same time, increasing or decreasing the anesthetic; the mask, an anatomically correctly fitting face piece, the rim of which is hollow and perforated

around the inner margin to allow the vapor to escape; otherwise identical with a folding Esmarch mask. This is covered with four layers of gauze, over which is placed a piece of oiled silk or rubber tissue. A small opening is cut in the middle of this gauze, so that, during the induction period, a few drops of chloroform may be added as with vigorous alcoholics. Dr. Gwathmey's inhaler gives a maximum two per cent. chloroform vapor with a minimum of one-tenth per cent.

The inhaler, which is made by the Kny-Scherer Company, consists of three ounce bottles, in each of which are four tubes, varying in length from one that reaches the bottom of the bottle to one that penetrates only the stopper. These tubes represent four degrees of vapor strength, the longest, with the mask just described, has an estimated one per cent. vapor strength; the shortest, No. 1, representing a very attenuated vapor, one-tenth per cent. As the mask is not air tight, the vapor cannot be compressed, thus avoiding the danger of an overdose. The advantages of this form of anesthesia are:

1. A pleasant induction stage. 2. Stage of excitement absent. 3. Pulse and respriation normal. No mucus rale of billowy breathing. 4. Complete relaxation. 5. Absence of unpleasant after effects on account of the attenuated vapor used. 6. The continued use of an attenuated oxygen or air and chloroform vapor of known percentage, to which an attenuated ether vapor can be added or substituted, when conditions require a change. 7. A possible change in the vapor percentage, with the same flow of oxygen or air, by a change of tubes, or by varying the pressure in the same tube, or by a combination of the two methods.

In the discussion following, Dr. John A. Bodine urged the desirability of overcoming the element of fear. Dr. Franz Toerck expressed himself as thoroughly satisfied with the method, having used it extensively. Dr. Wallace Lee said that he had often used this form of anesthesia, and had never seen a single case of nausea or any other bad after effects.

Beconds, Begollections and Beminiscences.

THE PROWLING SOLDIER: AN ARMY
REMINISCENCE.

BY W. TAYLOR, SURGEON, C. S. A., OF TALLADEGA, Ala.

THERE was something distinctive in the character of the successful "prowling" soldier. Like the poet and orator, he was born to his avocation. There was one or more soldiers of this type in every important Confederate command. And there are few veterans who will fail to recall some soldier noted for his success in "prowling," or foraging for extra rations.

The most noted soldier of the Tenth Alabama Regiment as a "prowler" was Private Martin, who will be remembered by his surviving comrades. Martin was not only the most successful forager of his command, but a brave and fearless soldier, who was never out of place when a battle was on hand.

An instance of the audacity of Private Martin is recalled on the advance of Lee's army into Pennsylvania. The army had left Virginia, which for more than two years had been devastated by the blighting tread of both armies. The Confederate army was now in Cumberland Valley, a few miles below Chambersburg, and the change was like a transfer from a desert to a land flowing with milk and honey. Here the army had encamped for the night. The following June morning General Lee had published to his entire command a vigorous order forbidding all manner of trespassing. The surroundings were ideal as a field for foraging, and the temptings irresistible to the expert prowler, who wast doubtless out on his mission when the order was published.

The army had struck camp and resumed the march. General Wilcox was in the rear of his command, and at this moment the writer was with him. Riding at a brisk pace, in order to reach the head of his brigade, he discovered a soldier with a number of fat hens dangling from his rifle, evidently seeking to gain the column ahead of us. Turning to me, he inquired, "Is not that one of

our men?" I said, "Yes, he belongs to the Tenth Regiment," and knowing the General's admiration for a brave soldier, with the view of softening his feeling toward Martin, added, “You have not a better fighting soldier in your brigade." Nevertheless Martin was halted and reprimanded for violations of discipline. He was told that when the battle came on he would be out prowling" instead of in the right place in his command. "That, sir," alluding to his hens, "is not the kind of poultry I want." "Go, sir, and report to your captain, and tell him to put you in arrest." "Yes, sir," responded Martin, with an air of relief, well knowing that with a half dozen fat hens and a haversack of fresh eggs, he would receive no punishment.

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In less than a week a different scene was witnessed between General Wilcox and Private Martin. On the day that the soldier received his reprimand the brigade marched only about six miles east of Chambersburg, to the little hamlet of Fayetteville, where it was encamped for some days awaiting the movement of the forces soon to join in battle at Gettysburg. The country around was a tempting field for the forager. As a matter of course, Martin was out in quest of country delicacies. On approaching a farm house, he saw four Federal soldiers, who had not discovered his presence, enter the front yard, stack their guns against an apple tree, and enter the house. Most lone "prowlers," in view of the disparity in numbers, would have given that farm house and the Yankee soldiers a wide berth. Not so with Martin. He promptly went into the yard, took possession of their guns, and forced the soldiers to surrender. He now marched them three miles into camp, nor halted until he had filed them in front of General Wilcox's quarters. With goodhumored audacity he now called the General's attention to the prisoners, and naively remarked, "General, does this kind of poultry suit you any better than that I had the other morning?" The General, remembering his man, and appreciating the humor of the situation, replied in a tone of admiration, “Go, you rascal, and turn your prisoners over to the provost guard.”

There was no braver Confederate soldier than Martin, but he was a born prowler.

TRAUMATIC TETANUS.

BY T. P. EDWARDS, M. D., ASSISTANT SURGEON c. S. A., OF
GRANITEVILLE, S. C.

THIS case was treated in 1863, at General Hospital, Hardeeville, S. C., Surgeon W. S. Meiere in charge, and Assistant Surgeon Capers M. Rivers, Contract Surgeon, M. M. Sams, M. D.

Private H. H. Hickman, of Colcock's Squadron Cavalry, twenty-two years old; admitted April 10, 1863. Gunshot wound of biceps, the twenty-two buckshot passing through, grazing the humerus. On admittance patient was found recovered from shock; had been a most abstemious man; had never tasted any alcoholic stimulants, did not use tobacco, tea, or coffee; teeth large and white, without a defect; pulse quickened by excitement to 86; after twenty-four hours went down to 78, where it remained, except during paroxysm it would rise. In the interval normal 78 would be its speed. Cold water dressing was used. On the ninth day contractions began in the forearm. Another examination was made, and I found two buckshot nested on circumflex nerve. An incised wound was made, and they were extracted. A discussion then arose as to the propriety of dividing this nerve, but it was decided not to sever it. Both wounds continued healing, with a dressing made of an ointment of alder berries, lard, and wax, to harden it; this change of dressing was made on ninth day after admittance, and that night the tetanic contractions increased. to severe opisthotomus. He was chloroformed and kept anesthetized as long as was considered safe; this would relax him, but upon removal of chloroform the contractions returned; all known remedies were tried, especially cannabis indica, but with no results.

On the twenty-first day we decided to give him a tonic treatment made from dog-wood, poplar and cherry bark, and whisky, which was sent us by Medical Director Surgeon Brodie, as a prophylactic, and was issued as a ration each morning, a gill to each soldier, to act as an antidote to malaria. We had received