cardboard), then entered the value and color of the sky as 30 bv, and the cloud edges which were higher and silvery. The cloud itself, of varying thicknesses, was warmer in tone than the sky and played, I estimated, between 30 and 40. The moon was about the same value and much grayer than the sky. I was not conscious of any considerable variations of value in the moon and failed to put in the value line. The blackishness of the moon and the center lighter than the edges were undoubtedly optical illusions. Next a quick outline of the corona was made, most attention being paid to the larger rays. Then the binoculars (which had been previously adjusted and focused) were used. Two splendid prominences, slightly pinker and lighter than I had expected, appeared-one near the top of the sun

and the other on the left side below the horizontal. I gave these the highest value which I then thought could be produced by mixing oil paints, viz., 60r. A rose-colored glow stretched along the lower right side of the limb, the value of which was first recorded on the chart as 50.

I recorded two lines of values for the outer corona. I saw no distinct separation of the inner and outer coronas. On the upper left extension greenish and yellowish tones were recorded. No time was wasted on tones thought to be correct in the sample picture. On the whole the corona was less blue than my sample and it retained brilliancy farther out than I expected. Had it been seen against the blue sky it probably would have extended still farther and its disappear

outside edges of the corona were affected.

On the tenth the photographic negatives were shown to me. Those of the sixty-five-foot camera were seven and three eighths inches in diameter, the others considerably smaller. I now saw, in minute detail, the two prominences which I had recorded and the mighty cyclone which had been increasingly revealed as the eclipse neared its end, because of the direction of the moon's motion. We are told that this group of prominences was forty-six thousand miles high. There were many other minor prominences.

I now made careful drawings of these prominences from the negatives and of the variations in shading of the surrounding corona. Many arches were found springing over the prominences, and a few rifts or dark channels radiating from the limb but never coming very close to it. The negatives showed very clearly the hairy polar rays, not always radial in direction, and the beginning of a wing springing from the upper right-hand limb of the sun.

By careful process painting, as already described, I have been able force up the value of the prominence reds, which appear in Figures 3 and 4 at about 67. I also concluded to reduce the value of the clear sky from 30 to

25, thus obtaining a range of 42 points instead of 30, an increase in the ratio of 7 to 5. In this new scale the other values take their proportional places. Thus a value of 35 (30+ 5) in Figure 1 becomes 32 (25+7) in Figure 3.

In Figure 3 the corona lines, derived from the drawing and many photographs, may be regarded as a sort of composite, suggesting contours of luminosity very much as contours of elevation appear on a map.

Three paintings were made, the first immediately after the eclipse, the second on the succeeding day, and the third after all data had been secured. This final painting is the one reproduced in conjunction with this article.

Returning with Professor Mitchell, we stopped at Williams Bay, Wisconsin, and I had the great pleasure and advantage of discussing the problems of the final picture with Professor E. E. Barnard and Dr. E. B. Frost, of the Yerkes Observatory. They also showed me excellent photographs taken at one of the Yerkes stations and spectroscopic photographs of the prominences taken at the Yerkes Observatory (at the time of totality at the Green River Station), apparently identical as to drawing with those taken at the Baker Station. I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to these eminent astronomers.

271

а

F

EW people of our pleasant southland even dream that under the shadow of the North Pole, almost a thousand miles within the Arc

tic circle, more

than one hun

dred species of flowering plants flourish

and maintain themselves against the frigid conditions of their far northern home. Yet, in the country of the Smith Sound Eskimo, a narrow belt of ice-free land between the gleaming ice cap and the icebergstudded sound, from Cape York to Humboldt Glacier, botanists have already recorded 120 species, and the list is no doubt yet incomplete. No tall trees or branching shrubs, no trailing vines or waist-high grasses give character to the landscape, but the rocky slopes and ledges are dotted in summer with brilliant blossoms or carpeted with low, soft growths of grass or sedge.

When the explorer from the south land approaches the rock-bound, glacierribboned coasts of Greenland, his first impression is one of bleakness and barrenness. The frowning cliffs, stern and

unchangeable, the gleaming glaciers, cold and immobile, suggest no possible refuge for flowers, no likely niche for ferns or grasses. But in summer when

he enters some little bay, or goes up one of the deep fiords and sets his foot upon the land, he finds that Greenland is not so cold, nor so bleak, nor SO barren as he imagined. Every little crevice in the rocks is foothold for some fern or glowing flower, every little pocket of soil refuge for a bit of verdant turf, and every little slope or ledge shelter for willow, heather, or smiling poppy.

How can they grow and blossom and fruit in the short summer, when the snow begins to disappear only in mid-June, and killing frosts come in mid-August; when the warmest noonday has never a temperature higher than sixty degrees and storms often blanket the whole land with snow, even in mid-July? It is because the plants that hold their homes under these rigorous conditions are adapted to make the most of the twenty-four hour sunlight that shines