J. G. Davenport. The Connecticut court issued a decree Sept. 11, 1651: Ordered That Norwalke Shall bee a towne, and that they provide an inhabitant according to order, who shall seasonably be tendered to take the oath of a constable."

Old Saybrook.-The two hundredth anniversary of the founding of the collegiate school in which Yale University had its beginning was observed at Old Saybrook, Nov. 11, with appropriate exercises by members of the Yale faculty and sons of the university. Saybrook Point, where a boulder has just been placed to commemorate the site of the old collegiate school, was in holiday array with decorations of Yale blue in profusion. The boulder has a new bronze tablet inscribed: "The first site of Yale College. Founded 1701. Removed 1716." Commemorative exercises were held in the Congregational Church. The historical address was delivered by Prof. Franklin B. Dexter of Yale, and Dr. Samuel Hart spoke in behalf of the townspeople.

DELAWARE, a Middle Atlantic State, one of the original thirteen, ratified the Constitution Dec. 7, 1787; area, 2,120 square miles. The population, according to each decennial census, was 50,096 in 1790; 64,273 in 1800; 72,674 in 1810; 72,749 in 1820; 76,748 in 1830; 78,085 in 1840; 91,532 in 1850; 112,216 in 1860; 125,015 in 1870; 146,608 in 1880; 168,493 in 1890; and 184,735 in 1900. Capital, Dover.

Government. The following were the State officers in 1901: Governor, John Hunn; Lieutenant-Governor, Philip L. Cannon; Secretary of State, Caleb R. Layton; Treasurer, Martin B. Burris; Auditor, P. B. Norman; Attorney-General, Herbert H. Ward; Insurance Commissioner, George W. Marshall; Adjutant-General, I. P. Wickersham; Chemist, T. R. Wolf; President Board of Pilot Commissioners, J. P. Virdin, succeeded by Alfred D. Poole-all Republicans; Chancellor, John R. Nicholson, Democrat; Chief Justice, Charles B. Lore, Democrat; Associate Justices, Ignatius C. Grubb and William H. Boyce, Democrats, and W. C. Spruance and James Pennewill, Republicans; Clerk, William Virdin, Democrat.

The term of the State officers is four years. They are elected in November of the years of presidential elections. The Legislature meets biennially in January of the odd-numbered years; the session is limited to sixty days.

Census Figures.-Delaware, with a total population of 184,735, has 51 per cent. of males and 49 per cent. of females. One-thirteenth of the population is foreign born. The white and colored races are 83.4 and 16.6 per cent., respectively. The number of persons of school age, five to twenty years, is 59,635; males of militia age, 40,029; males of voting age, 54,018, of whom 47,202 are native born and 6,816 foreign born. The colored voters aggregate 8,426. There are 54,018 males twenty-one years of age and over, of whom 7,538 are illiterate. Of the illiterates, 6,332 are native born, while 1,206 are foreign born.

Finances.-The Auditor's report gave the following figures for 1900: Balance in treasury in general fund, $65,152.33; total receipts, $387,929.20; expenditures, $273,622.50; balance in school fund, $34.035.90; total receipts, $168,329.90; expenditures, $138,414.54; total receipts of sinking-fund, including balance, $4,608.86; expended, $600.

The larger items of expenditure were: Interest on Delaware College certificates, $4.980; interest on school fund bond, $9,405; interest on outstanding bonds, $16,100; salaries of State officers,

$10,775; salaries of judges, $23,900; pensions of retired judges, $3,000; State Hospital, $45,000; State militia, $5,000; printing, $10,000; Delaware College government appropriation, $20,000; State College for Colored Students State appropriation, $5,000; Industrial School for Girls, $2,500; free public-school appropriation, $100,000; maintenance and tuition of beneficiaries in institutions outside of the State, $2,800; State Board of Health and pathological and bacteriological laboratory, $2,300.

The items of expenditure of the school fund were: Free text-books, $18,749.50; apportionment of dividends, $119,665.04.

The Auditor's estimate of receipts in 1901 was $482,557.53, and of expenditures $341,005.

The total assets of the State were given as $1,118,509.16. Of this, $10,000 in bank stock and $385,000 in mortgages were investments for the general fund; $416,790 in bank stock and $161,750 in bonds, for the school fund; $144,967.16 in State buildings (expenditures and improvements in recent years); and $973,542 in other assets. The total liabilities are $769,750.

Education.-By the latest report at hand the public schools outside of Wilmington had 22,254 white pupils and an attendance of 15,938.

The report of Delaware College for 1900-1901 · shows an enrolment of 92, with a graduating class of 18. In September the entering class numbered 38. There is a regular teaching corps of 15 professors and instructors, besides occasional lecturers from the staff of the Agricultural Experiment Station. This last institution has a staff of 6. The State College for Colored Students graduated 3 students in May.

A suit before the Supreme Court in January turned on the question whether the provision in the school law of 1861 limiting the amount that could be spent in one year for improvements to $500 is still binding. The court held that the act was repealed by the general school law of 1898, which imposes no limit.

Charities. As the State has no institutions for deaf-mute, blind, and imbecile children, a limited number are sent to institutions of other States. At the beginning of the year there were 11 pupils from Delaware in the Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. These pupils are maintained and instructed at an expense to the State of $250 per annum each. There were in the Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb 2 pupils, for whom $260 each was paid. In the Pennsylvania School for the Feeble-Minded 10 pupils were kept at an annual expense of $200 each. The present statutes limit the number of deaf, dumb, and blind children who can be sent from this State to 5 from each county, and the number of feeble-minded or imbecile children at 14 from the State.

There were 329 inmates at the State Hospital for the Insane Jan. 1. The report showed that at the end of the fiscal year, Dec. 1, on account of an increased number of patients and the increased cost of nearly every article purchased, there was a deficit of about $8,000, and on Jan. 1 a deficit of about $17,000.

Corrections.-The Ferris Industrial School for Boys, at Wilmington, has 75 inmates. The charter provides that Newcastle County shall pay $100 for each boy committed from the county, provided that the sum does not exceed $5,000 in one year. Boys are also admitted from the other counties, but no appropriations from them are provided for. The gross product of the farm in 1900 was $4,500; the total receipts, $29,391.76; expenditures, $23,238.35.

The Girls' Industrial School also receives inmates from all parts of the State. It receives an appropriation of $2,500.

Militia. According to the Adjutant-General's report, 42,123 men were subject to enrolment and 28,080 subject to military duty. The total strength of the organized National Guard is 372, of whom 321 are privates. For the year 1900, receipts from the State amounted to $5,078.44, and disbursements to $3,308.16. In 1898 the Legislature appropriated $30,000 to equip and prepare troops for the Spanish War; of this, $23,150.36 was expended. The Government returned $20,870.83, leaving in the hands of the State officials certain ordnance supplies. The Governor paid $3,100 to the Adjutant-General and another officer for preparing and presenting the accounts to the proper officials at Washington. Railroads. The report of the Delaware Railroad shows its mileage to be 224.38. For the year ending Oct. 31, 1900, the earnings were $1,646,660.34, an increase of $256,123.88. The expenses were $1,112,440.97; increase, $123,697.45.

There was a very large increase in the freight revenue due to the increasing through traffic from connecting lines and to the improved fruit-crop on the peninsula.

Work was begun in May on a new trolley belt line which will touch the Delaware river, the Atlantic Ocean, and Chesapeake Bay. The combination constituting the circuit includes 45 miles of trolley traction already in operation and 100 miles which are to be built.

Insurance. The Insurance Commissioner, who took office Jan. 1, made a report about Feb. 12, saying, in part:

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'From the books of my office, as audited by the auditor of accounts from Oct. 1, 1898, to Jan. 1, 1901, I find the amount turned into the State treasury was $38,823.81, exclusive of the salary of the commissioner. There is no record of expenses in the office.

"The insurance law specifies that the Insurance Commissioner shall grant certificates of authority to Delaware companies only when they shall have a paid-up capital of $100,000. The General Assembly, at dates later than the passage of the general insurance law, has at various times granted special charters to insurance companies with a paid-up capital of less than $100,000, and in some instances as low as $25,000."

Products. A census bulletin giving statistics of manufactures of Delaware places the total value of manufactured products for the State at $45,387,630, an increase of 20.8 per cent. over the value of such products for 1890. The number of establishments in 1900 was 1,417; capital invested, $41,203,239; average number of wage-earners, 22, 203; total wages paid, $9,263,661; cost of material used, $26,652,601. The net or true value of products is given at $29,573,449, the value of material purchased in a partly manufactured form being $15,864,041.

Chief-Statistician North, who makes the report, says: "The statistics indicate a healthy growth in manufactures of Delaware, although a decline is observable in cotton manufactures, in which the number of mills has decreased from 7 to 3; the manufacture of fertilizers, in which the number of establishments has fallen from 17 to 11; and the carriage and wagon manufacture, in which the number has fallen from 44 to 36. On the other hand, iron and steel manufactures, shipbuilding, foundry and machine-shop products, and the tanning and finishing of leather, show large and gratifying increases."

There are 9,687 farms in Delaware, with an

aggregate area of 1,066,228 acres, of which 754,010, or 70.7 per cent., are improved.

The recent decline of fruit-raising has led to the substitution of other branches of farming, and an increase in the production of market-garden truck, corn, and wheat. It has also stimulated the growth of the dairy and poultry interests. The peach-crop of 1901 was estimated at 2,000,000 baskets.

Business. Reports are given of 20 business failures in the State in 1900, with liabilities of $106,477, and assets $55,790. The preceding year there were 30, but the liabilities amounted to about $10,000 less, while the portion not covered by assets was about $2,000 less.

Cooch's Bridge.-A notable event in the history of the State was the unveiling, Sept. 3, of a monument at Cooch's Bridge to commemorate the first unfurling of the American flag in battle, Sept. 3, 1777. The monument, which was erected by patriotic societies and citizens, is of Brandywine granite, and stands in the roadway. Beneath a representation of the original flag of 13 stripes and 13 stars is the inscription: "The Stars and Stripes were first unfurled in battle at Cooch's Bridge. Erected by patriotic societies and citizens of the State of Delaware, Sept. 3, 1901." The very handsome stone, standing 8 feet high, is enclosed in a square, the corners of which are marked by cannon, and the sides by heavy anchor chains.

Legislative Session.-The biennial session of the General Assembly began Jan. 1 and ended March 8. It stood, politically, on joint ballot, 29 Republicans and 23 Democrats. The Republicans were still divided, as they have been for years, into two factions-the so-called Regular Republicans, represented by 11 members of the Legislature, and the so-called Union Republicans, of whom there were 18. Harry C. Ellison, Regular, was President pro tem. of the Senate, and Representative McCommons, Union, was Speaker of the House, the two factions having compromised on the organization.

Two United States Senators should have been elected, one to fill the vacancy for the term ending in 1905 and one to succeed Richard R. Kenney, whose term expired March 4, 1901. Fortyfive ballots were taken, but no candidate received the 27 votes necessary to an election, so that the State will be unrepresented in the United States Senate for at least two years, unless a special session should be called and should succeed in electing. The Union Republicans voted steadily for J. E. Addicks for both terms. The Democrats voted for R. R. Kenney for the long term and Willard Saulsbury for the short term. The Regu lar Republicans voted scatteringly. Among their candidates were H. A. Du Pont, Charles F. Richards, L. C. Bird, Anthony Higgins, and H. R. Burton.

An incident of the senatorial contest, which was very bitter and excited, was a charge made by Representative W. M. Hearn, Democrat, against Representative R. R. Layton of an attempt to bribe him with $2,000 to remain away from a session, in the interest of the Union Republican candidate. The majority report of the investigating committee recommended that the evidence and the entire matter be referred to the AttorneyGeneral for such action as he should deem best; this report was adopted, and the matter so referred. The minority of the committee reported that the charges had not been sustained.

The law for taxing manufactures was amended. Under the old law, the tax imposed was 10 cents on the $100 on the cost of material used in busi

ness during the preceding year, and 10 cents on the $100 on the cost of labor. The amended law provides, first, for the payment of an annual license fee of $5; next, an annual payment upon the aggregate value of the real and personal property comprising the plant, the sum of of 1 per cent. per $1,000, or 50 cents per thousand, up to a valuation of $3,000,000; over that amount, of 1 per cent., or 25 cents per thousand. The law providing for two State detectives was repealed and the office abolished March 12, and March 15 the office was reestablished and the Governor was authorized to appoint two detectives, which he did. The former incumbents, who were thus legislated out of office, contest this action.

Two acts concerning fox-hunting were passedone making it unlawful to hunt foxes between May 1 and Aug. 31, and the other making it unlawful to shoot at, kill, or destroy any fox while such fox is being chased or pursued by a dog or dogs. The penalty for the former act is $10 fine or ten days in jail; for the latter, a fine of $20 to $50, or imprisonment not less than ten days.

A new law was made for the protection of birds. Game-birds, as intended in the act, are named, and the English sparrow, the redwing blackbird, and the purple grackle, or crow blackbird, are excepted; and any one may kill a bird found on his own premises destroying his grain, fruit, or poultry, but may not sell it. The act further authorizes the Governor to appoint annually an arbor and bird day.

An act was passed increasing the membership of the levy court of Newcastle County from 5 to 7, and authorizing the Governor to appoint the additional members for the time being. This, it was contended, was beyond the powers of the Legislature.

It was made a prerequisite for receiving the State school money that each white district should have raised by taxation $100 and each colored district $50.

A resolution was passed for submission of an amendment to the Constitution in regard to corporations; also a joint resolution requesting Delaware's Senator and Representative in Congress, if in their judgment they can wisely do so, to support a bill for the purchase of Temple farm and Moore House, at Yorktown, Va., by the Government of the United States.

In all, 238 bills were passed. Among those of public interest not already mentioned were the following:

For the corporal punishment of wife-beaters. For the suppression of gambling by means of slot-machines or other devices.

Changing the time when reedbirds may be killed.

Amending the act for the protection of women. Providing for the appointment of an oysterrevenue collector.

For the improvement of the Christiana river. Providing a free ambulance service for the city of Wilmington.

Making Abraham Lincoln's birthday, Feb. 12, a legal holiday.

Enabling the cities and incorporated towns to receive one-third of the liquor-license fees collected therein.

Amending the act to prevent the spread of diseases among cattle so as to make it cover tuberculosis.

Providing for the establishment and maintenance of free public libraries.

Appropriating $150 for colored teachers' institute, and $450 for institute for white teachers.

Amending the law on imitations of butter. For the improvement of the schoolhouses for colored children, and making an appropriation therefor $6,000 annually.

Appropriating money to the Delaware Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.

The Governor vetoed a bill for making lifegrade certificates of teachers valid for qualification for the office of county superintendent of schools. He also vetoed a bill legalizing the shooting of live pigeons in matches.

Judicial Decision. The majority decision rendered by the Supreme Court in May, in an action against the so-called Adams law passed in 1897 for the taxation of investments, was to the effect that the law is invalid on account of the fact that an amendment to one section which was passed in 1898 was unconstitutional because taking up a subject not within the title of the act; and that the unconstitutional provision could not be separated from the other parts of the law and leave them operative.

FLORIDA, a Southern State, admitted to the Union, March 3, 1845; area, 58,680 square miles. The population, according to each decennial census since admission, was 87,445 in 1850; 140,424 in 1860; 187,748 in 1870; 269,493 in 1880; 391,422 in 1890; and 528,542 in 1900. Capital, Tallahassee. Government.-The following were the State officers during the year: Governor, William S. Jennings; Secretary of State, John L. Crawford; Treasurer, James B. Whitfield; Comptroller, W. H. Reynolds, Alonzo C. Croom (appointed on death of Reynolds); Attorney-General, William B. Lamar; Superintendent of Public Instruction, William N. Sheats; Adjutant-General, Patrick Houstoun, J. Clifford R. Foster (appointed on death of Houstoun); Commissioner of Agriculture, Benjamin E. McLin; State Chemist, R. E. Rose; State Auditor, W. V. Knott; Railroad Commissioners, H. E. Day, J. L. Morgan, J. M. Bryan; State Health Officer, Dr. Joseph Y. Porter; Board of Health, E. M. Hendry, Horace E. Simpson, M. D., N. B. Broward; Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, R. F. Taylor; Associate Justices, Milton H. Mabry, Francis B. Carter; Supreme Court Commission, W. A. Hocker, J. G. Glen, E. C. Maxwell; Supervisor of Convicts and Convict Camps, Robert F. Rogers.

The term of the State officers is four years. They are elected in November of the years of the presidential elections. The Legislature meets biennially on the first Tuesday after the first Monday of April of the odd-numbered years. The session is limited to sixty days.

Population.-The Federal census of 1900 divided the population of the State (528,542) as follows: Males, 275,246; females, 253,296; native born, 504,710; foreign born, 23,932; total white, 297,333; native white, 278,076; foreign parents, 24,044; foreign white, 19,257; total colored, 231,209. Persons of school age, 197,600; males of militia age, 114,500; males of voting, age, 139,601; foreign males of military age, 7,934; colored, 53,723, of which 53,546 are negroes. Foreign born of voting age, 11,736; colored, 61,417.

The population of the largest 10 cities in 1900 was as follows: Jacksonville, 28,429; Pensacola, 17,747; Key West, 17,114; Tampa, 15,839; St. Augustine, 4,272; Lake City, 4,013; Gainesville, 3,633; Ocala, 3,380; Palatka, 3,331; Fernandina, 3,245.

Finances.-The Treasurer's report gives the following figures: Balance in treasury, Jan. 1, 1901, $277,885.10; receipts during the year from all sources, $544,040.85; disbursements in 1901, $631,443.83. Balance in treasury, Jan. 1, 1902,