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the term of three years to dispose of the same, as they may think proper, and to withdraw the proceeds without molestation, and exempt from all duties of detraction on the part of the Government of the respective States.

ARTICLE VIII.

Both the contracting parties promise, and engage formally, to give their special protection to the persons and property of the citizens of each other, of all occupations, who may be in the territories subject to the jurisdiction of the one or the other, transient or dwelling therein, leaving open and free to them the tribunals of justice for their judicial recourse, on the same terms which are usual and customary with the natives or citizens of the country in which they may be; for which they may employ, in defence of their rights, such advocates, solicitors, notaries, agents, and factors as they may judge proper, in all their trials at law; and such citizens or agents shall have as free opportunity as native citizens to be present at the decisions and sentences of the tribunals, in all cases which may concern them, and likewise at the taking of all examinations and evidence which may be exhibited in the said trials.

ARTICLE IX.

The contracting parties, desiring to live in peace and harmony with all the other nations of the earth, by means of a policy frank and equally friendly with all, engage mutually not to grant any particular favor to other nations, in respect of commerce and navigation, which shall not immediately become common to the other party, who shall enjoy the same freely, if the concession was freely made, or on allowing the same compensation, if the concession was conditional.

ARTICLE X.

The present convention shall be in force for the term of twelve years from the date hereof, and further, until the end of twelve. months after the Government of the United States on the one part, or the free Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburg, or either of them, on the other part, shall have given notice of their intention to terminate the same; each of the said contracting parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other, at the end of the said term of twelve years. And it is hereby agreed between them that, at the expiration of twelve months after such notice shall have been received by either of the parties from the other, this convention, and all the provisions thereof, shall, altogether, cease and determine, as far as regards the States giving and receiving such notice; it being always understood and agreed that, if one or more of the Hanseatic Republics aforesaid shall, at the expiration of twelve years from the date hereof, give or receive notice of the proposed termination of this convention, it shall nevertheless remain in full force and operation as far as regards the remaining Hanseatic Republics or Republic, which may not have given or received such

notice.

ARTICLE XI.

The present convention being approved and ratified by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by the Senates of the Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg, the ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington within nine months from the date hereof, or sooner if possible.

In faith whereof we, the Plenipotentiaries of the contracting parties, have signed the present convention, and have thereto affixed our seals.

Done in quadruplicates at the city of Washington, on the twentieth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven, in the fifty-second year of the Independence of the United States of America.

[SEAL.] [SEAL.]

1828."

H. CLAY.
V. RUMPFF.

ADDITIONAL ARTICLE TO CONVENTION OF 1827.

Concluded June 4, 1828; ratification advised by the Senate December 29, 1828; ratified by the President; ratifications exchanged January 14, 1829; proclaimed July 29, 1829.

The United States of America and the Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg, wishing to favor their mutual commerce by affording, in their ports, every necessary assistance to their respective vessels, the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have further agreed upon the following additional article to the convention of friendship, commerce, and navigation, concluded at Washington on the twentieth day of December, 1827, between the contracting parties. The Consuls and Vice-Consuls may cause to be arrested the sailors, being part of the crews of the vessels of their respective countries, who shall have deserted from the said vessels, in order to send them back and transport them out of the country. For which purpose the said Consuls and Vice-Consuls shall address themselves to the courts, judges, and officers competent, and shall demand the said deserters, in writing, proving by an exhibition of the registers of the said vessels, or ship's roll, or other official document, that those men were part of said crews; and on this demand being so proved, (saving, however, where the contrary is proved,) the delivery shall not be refused; and there shall be given all aid and assistance to the said Consuls and Vice-Consuls for the search, seizure, and arrest of the said deserters, who shall even be detained and kept in the prisons of the country, at their request and expense, until they shall have found opportunity of sending them back. But if they be not sent back within two months, to be counted from the day of their arrest, they shall be set at liberty, and shall be no more arrested for the same cause.

• This article was superseded by the Consular Convention with the German Empire, 1871.

It is understood, however, that if the deserter should be found to have committed any crime or offence, his surrender may be delayed until the tribunal before which the case shall be depending shall have pronounced its sentence, and such sentence shall have been carried into effect.

The present additional article shall have the same force and value as if it were inserted, word for word, in the convention signed at Washington on the twentieth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven, and being approved and ratified by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by the Senates of the Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg, the ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington within nine months from the date hereof, or sooner if possible.

In faith whereof we, the undersigned, by virtue of our respective full powers, have signed the present additional article, and have thereto affixed our seals.

Done in quadruplicate at the city of Washington, on the fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-eight.

[SEAL.
[SEAL.]

H. CLAY.

V. RUMPFF.

1852..

CONSULAR CONVENTION.

Concluded April 30, 1852; ratification advised by the Senate August 30, 1852; ratified by the President September 24, 1852; ratifications exchanged February 25, 1853; proclaimed June 6, 1853.

I. Powers of consuls.
II. Duration of convention.

ARTICLES.

III. Ratification.

The United States of America and the Free and Hanseatic Republics of Hamburg, Bremen, and Lubeck, having agreed to extend, in certain cases, the jurisdiction of their respective Consuls, and to increase the powers granted to said Consuls by existing treaty stipulations, have named for this purpose, as their respective Plenipotentiaries, to wit:

The President of the United States of America, Daniel Webster, Secretary of State of the United States, and the Senate of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, the Senate of the Free and Hanseatic. City of Bremen, and the Senate of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lubeck, Albert Schumacher, Consul-General of Hamburg and Bremen in the United States;

Who, having exchanged their full powers, found in due and proper form, have agreed to and signed the following articles:

ARTICLE I.

The Consuls, Vice-Consuls, commercial and vice-commercial agents of each of the high contracting parties shall have the right as such,

This convention was superceded by the General Consular Convention with the German Empire of 1871.

to sit as judges and arbitrators in such differences as may arise between the masters and crews of the vessels belonging to the nation whose interests are committed to their charge, without the interference of the local authorities, unless the conduct of the crews or of the master should disturb the order or tranquillity of the country; or the said Consuls, Vice-Consuls, commercial agents, or vice-commercial agents, should require their assistance in executing or supporting their own decisions. But this species of judgment or arbitration shall not deprive the contending parties of the right they have to resort, on their return, to the judicial authority of their own country. ARTICLE II.

The present convention shall be in force for the term of twelve years from the day of its ratifications; and further until the end of twelve months, after the Government of the United States on the one part, or the Free and Hanseatic Republicks of Hamburg, Bremen, or Lubeck, or either of them, on the other part, shall have given notice of their intention to terminate the same; each of the contracting parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other at the end of the said term of twelve years. And it is hereby agreed that, at the expiration of twelve months after such notice. shall have been received by either of the parties from the other, this convention, and all the provisions thereof, shall altogether cease and determine, as far as regards the States giving and receiving such notice; it being always understood and agreed that, if one or more of the Free and Hanseatic Republicks aforesaid shall, at the expiration of twelve years from the date of the ratification of the convention, give or receive notice of the termination of the same, it shall, nevertheless, remain in full force and operation, as far as regards the remaining Free and Hanseatic Republicks or Republick, which may not have given or received such notice.

ARTICLE III.

This convention is concluded subject to the ratification of the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by the Senates of the Free and Hanseatic Republicks of Hamburg, Bremen, and Lubeck; and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington within twelve months from the date hereof, or sooner if possible.

In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed. the above articles, as well in German as in English, and have thereto affixed their seals.

Done in quadruplicate, at the city of Washington, on the thirtieth day of April, A. D. one thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the seventy-sixth year of the Independence of the United States of America.

[SEAL.] [SEAL.]

DAN'L WEBSTER.
A. SCHUMACHER.

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.

The cession of the Hawaiian Islands to the United States having been accepted by the resolution approved by the President July 7, 1898, (U. S. Stats. Vol. 30, p. 75.), the treaties with that country terminated upon the formation of the government for the Islands.

1849."

TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP, COMMERCE, AND NAVIGATION AND EXTRADI

TION.

Concluded December 20, 1849; ratification advised by the Senate January 14, 1850; ratified by the President February 4, 1850; ratifications exchanged August 24, 1850; proclaimed November 9, 1850.

I. Amity.

II. Commerce and navigation.

III. Duties, bounties, etc.

IV. Tonnage duties.

V. Coasting trade.

VI. Steam vessels carrying mail. VII. Whale ships.

ARTICLES.

VIII. Reciprocal privileges of citizens.
IX. Reciprocal privileges in business.

X. Consuls.

XI. Religious liberty.
XII. Shipwrecks.

XIII. Asylum for vessels.
XIV. Extradition.

XV. Mail arrangements.
XVI. Duration.
XVII. Ratification.

The United States of America and His Majesty the King of the Hawaiian Islands, equally animated with the desire of maintaining the relations of good understanding which have hitherto so happily subsisted between their respective States, and consolidating the commercial intercourse between them, have agreed to enter into negotiations for the conclusion of a treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation, for which purpose they have appointed Plenipotentiaries, that is to say:

The President of the United States of America, John M. Clayton, Secretary of State of the United States; and His Majesty the King of the Hawaiian Islands, James Jackson Jarves, accredited as his special Commissioner to the Government of the United States;

Who, after having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, have concluded and signed the following articles:

ARTICLE I.

There shall be perpetual peace and amity between the United States and the King of the Hawaiian Islands, his heirs and his successors.

This treaty terminated on cession of Islands to United States.

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