gins and the cornering of grain, money, and products should be prohibited; that contract convict labor should be abolished, and that every honorably discharged Union soldier and sailor of the war merits and should have a pension, based upon service and disability, without regard to rank. The following ticket was put in nomination: For Governor, Rev. Aaron Wirth; for Lieutenent-Governor, C. W. Culbertson; for Secretary, James McCormick; for Auditor, Frank Taggart; for Treasurer, H. H. Moore; for Superintendent of Public Instruction, E. A. Devore; for Attorney-General, C. S. Dobbins; for Statistician, M. E. Shiel; for Supreme Judge, Robert Denny; for Appellate Judges, John Baker, John D. Gouger, and John B. Joyce; for Reporter of the Supreme Court, John W. Bair.

The convention of the People's party met in May. The more important portions of the majority report of the Committee on Resolutions, which was adopted, follow:

We demand the free and unlimited coinage of sil

ver.

We demand that the amount of the circulating medium be speedily increased to not less than $50 per capita.

"We demand a graduated income tax.

Alien ownership of land should be prohibited; all lands now held by railroads and other corporations in excess of their actual needs, and all lands now owned by aliens, should be reclaimed by the Government and held for actual settlers only.

We demand that the State be redistricted with absolute fairness.

We demand that county superintendents be elected by a vote of the people.

We demand that the office of county assessor be abolished.

We demand such revision of the law for the listing of property for taxation that shall compel all property, both real and personal, to be listed at a fair cash value.

We demand that the Government issue legal-tender notes, and pay the Union soldiers the difference between the price-of the depreciated money in which they were paid and gold.

That we favor the enactment of laws under which the people may vote periodically upon doctrine and policies without the intervention of parties or candidates, the results of these elections to be considered as instructions to our legislative servants, and to be enforced by impeachment when such instructions are disregarded.

The right to vote is inherent in citizenship, without regard to sex.

The following was the ticket selected: For Governor, Leroy Templeton; Lieutenant-Governor, J. A. Houser: Secretary of State, Jesse L. Hobson; Auditor, Louis C. Kasten; Treasurer, Townsend Cope; State Statistician, C. H. Bliss; Reporter of Supreme Court, W. H. Dewey; Supreme Judges. Adam Stockington, Silas M. Sheppard, and M. J. Bosart; for Appellate Judges, I. N. Pearce, Joseph Daily, H. C. Barnett, David W. Chambers, and John S. Bender.

The Republicans met in convention at Fort Wayne on June 28. The resolutions approved the nominations of the national convention at Minneapolis, condemned the Democratic management of State affairs as incompetent, wasteful, and in the interest of party managers, and as having burdened the State with a debt of $9,000,000, and said further:

We arraign the Democratic party of Indiana for enacting an unequal and unjust tax law. It imposes upon the farmer, laborer, and householder an excessive and unjust share of the public burden. It creates a great number of unnecessary offices hitherto unknown to law. To the burden of taxation, already too heavy, it adds more than $100,000 for the fees, salaries, and expenses of these offices and officers. We demand its radical revision. We pledge ourselves to enact such amendments to the present tax law as shall relieve the farm and the home from the unjust taxation now borne by them; which shall place a just share of the public burden on capital, and incorporate property and provide a more simple and less expensive method of assessment. We condemn the action of the last Democratic Legislature in largely increasing the fees and salaries of the State and county offices. It made many public offices sinecures by providing for the performance of official duties by deputies paid out of the public funds.

The law passed by the last Democratic Assembly, apportioning the State for legislative and congressional purposes, was designedly and wickedly framed so as to deny to many counties and localities fair and equal representation in the legislative department of the State and nation, to place and retain under Democratic control in this State all its public institutions and affairs, and to give that party an increased and unfair representation in Congress and the Legislature. Such a policy is dangerous, and destructive of all good government, and merits the condemnation of all patriotic people. And we now pledge the Republican party to continue the warfare against this dishonest policy of the Democratic party, until the State shall be honestly apportioned by giving to each county and locality its fair and equitable representation in proportion to its numbers.

We denounce the purpose of the Democratic party, clearly avowed in the national platform, to repeal the law imposing a 10-per-cent. tax on State bank issues, and thus removing the only barrier to a return of the system of "wild cat" money, which once disgraced our State and largely impoverished our people.

We favor amending the law concerning the construction and maintenance of public highways, so as to utilize to the best advantage the large sums yearly expended thereon, and thus put the farmer in close and easy communication with the market at all seasons of the year.

The Democratic party deserves the emphatic condemnation of every citizen of the State for its refusal to place our benevolent institutions upon a nonpartisan basis, when murder, cruelty, debauchery, fraud, and incompetency mark that party's management of many of these institutions, and for still persisting in retaining partisan control of the asylums of the helpless and unfortunate that they may be made the coin in payment for party services.

We favor the enactment by Congress of a law, thrice recommended by President Harrison, compelling the use of standard safety car couplers for the protection of the lives and limbs of employees engaged

in interstate commerce.

We also favor a law governing convict labor in the penal institutions of the State that will work the least possible injury to free labor.

We most heartily indorse the generous pension laws enacted by Republicans in Congress, and congratulate the country that during the administration of President Harrison no pension bill has been vetoed.

Following is the ticket nominated: Governor, Ira J. Chase; Lieutenant-Governor, Theodore Shockney; Secretary of State, Aaron Jones; Auditor, John W. Coons; Treasurer, F. J. Scholz; Attorney-General, J. D. Ferrall; Supreme Court Reporter, George P. Haywood; Superintendent of Public Instruction, James H. Henry; State Statistician, Simeon J. Thompson: Judges of the Supreme Court, John D. Miller, Byron K. Elli

There were sold in the year ending in June, 1890, 121,399 horses. In 1860 there were 178,088 horses to a population of 674,913; in 1870, 433.642 to a population of 1,624,615; and in 1890, 1,338,867 to a population of 1,911,896. Of milch cows there are in the State 1,278,612; of other cattle, 2,680,247, an increase in the total number of 448,378 over that of 1885.

years.

The amount of butter shipped from the State during the year ending Sept. 30, 1891, was 81,774,661 pounds. The decrease of practically 10,000,000 pounds over the sales for the year ending Oct. 1, 1890, has been attributed to the uneven crops of 1890, which greatly increased the price of corn and hay. The home consumption of butter is estimated at 100,000,000 pounds. The total make of the State is 168,690,715 pounds. Road Convention.-Delegates from all parts of the State, met at Des Moines on Aug. 16 and 17, to consider the question of improving the common roads. Gov. Boies, who addressed the meeting, referred to the convention as one of the most important that has been held in the State for Various measures were proposed for the best promotion of the object under discussion. Judge Thayer submitted a plan by which 15,000 miles of good road could be built in five or ten years, so that when it was completed no person would be found living more than four miles from a perfect macadamized road, and this without an increase of taxes. In the resolutions finally adopted it was determined that until further legislation a movement should be set on foot in every township looking to the consolidation of the road districts, in order that the permissive provisions of chapter 200 of the acts of 1884 might be taken advantage of. Agitation of the question was suggested in cities and towns, and the propriety of submitting to the people the proposition for a higher levy or the issuance of bonds.

Legislative Session.-The General Assembly sat until March 30. The early meetings of the Senate were disturbed by the question of permanent organization, and the refusal of the Democrats to proceed to business until such an organization was effected. The Republican caucus nominations were disputed, and a deadlock ensued. This was broken by Lieut.-Gov. Poyneer, who converted a sufficient number of Democrats "present but not voting" to declare a quorum. The permanent officers were then elected, and J. W. Cliff, the Republican nominee, was declared secretary, all the other officers being Democratic.

Mr. Cliff was subsequently deposed (Jan. 21), the Democrats declaring that the minority had no right to foist on the Senate a permanent officer. and disputing the ruling of ex-Gov. Poyneer in declaring a quorum when the Democratic members were present and not voting. The Republicans in turn declined to vote for Samuel N. Parsons, the Democratic nominee. A call of the Senate was made, nearly every one answering "Here," whereupon the 24 votes of the Democrats were decided by the chair to have elected Parsons. The sergeant-at-arms removed Mr. Cliff in spite of protest. This difficulty in regard to the election of the secretary led to the passage of resolutions referring to the AttorneyGeneral for decision the following questions:

Whether the Senate of this State has the power to pass upon and determine the election and qualification of its own secretary. Whether it, as a legislative body, has the power and authority to remove its secretary and elect another. Whether, after the Senate has removed its secretary and elected another, a district court of this State has jurisdiction to try the right of the latter to hold his office. Whether the right of Samuel N. Parsons to act as secretary of the Senate can be inquired into by an injunction proceeding. Whether the Speaker of the House is justiPresident of the Senate in certifying the election of fied under the law in refusing to concur with the Samuel N. Parsons as secretary.

Joint resolutions were introduced on high license, to the effect that the Representative in Congress be instructed to secure an amendment to the statute of the United States, changing the amount of tax from $25 to $250 a year, and providing that sales made in violation of the laws of any State where such sales are made shall forfeit such United States special tax license, and subject the offender to the penalties of the statutes of the United States as if no special tax had been paid. The question of allowing licenses or standing by the principles of prohibition absorbed a great part of the discussion, the Schmidt bill being again introduced as first on the Senate file. It was argued in opposition that the people of the State had always stood by prohibition; that the claim made by the supporters of the bill to the effect that the traffic in intoxicating liquors was not detrimental to health, morals, or the welfare of the public, was false. Such traffic, they maintained, should be classed with gambling, betting, the vending of obscene literature, and like evils, and made subject to the penalty of the same law. It was claimed further that the passage of this bill would reverse a policy of the State that was adopted by a Democratic General Assembly nearly forty years ago, substituting a system that has never successfully restrained the evils of the liquor traffic. The forcing upon the community of a legalized saloon would be the result. In the protracted discussion that followed it was shown that, according to the "Brewers' Journal," in 1885 there were sold in Iowa 182,524 barrels of beer; in 1886, 197.372; in 1887, 183,464; in 1888, 174,339; in 1890, 88,266; and in 1891, 105,943-showing under a Democratic rule of eighteen months an increase of 17 per cent, over the amount of the year before. It was shown that under this bill druggists would be allowed to sell without fee or bond, requiring only semiannual reports and small fines. The bill was before the Senate until March 8, when it passed by a vote of 27 to 22. But on March 22 the bill was killed by the House, it having been argued that it would discriminate against a law-abiding industrious German element, and was a measure giving unequal privileges to certain counties. No other bill absorbed so much attention during the session.

By the Senate and House concurring, the message of President Harrison to Congress on the Chilian question was approved.

A bill providing that fraud or circumvention in obtaining any promissory notes, or other negotiable instruments, can be pleaded in bar to any action for recovery, whether brought by the party obtaining such instrument or an assignee,

Exempting passengers getting on or off a car or train from criminal liability under the act making it a peace offense for any person not an employee to get off or on a moving train.

Authorizing corporations and persons engaged in the slaughtering and packing business to issue certificates and warehouse receipts on their own products

while in their custody and control.

Making appropriations for the World's Columbian. Exposition.

Giving local boards of health power to quarantine. Providing for the collection and tabulation of statistics of crops and live stock.

Authorizing the use of the Australian ballot. Appropriating $250,000 for the soldiers' monument.

Political. The State Temperance Alliance met at Des Moines on March 3. In the resolutions adopted it was determined that the sentiment of Iowa was as strongly for prohibition as ever, and that the election of a Democratic Governor was not justly attributable to prohibition, but to the fact that undue importance was given to other issues during the canvass; that while the Democratic party made prohibition the chief issue, the Republicans too often virtually ignored it. It was also

Resolved, That any government which, for a consideration, licenses a business that debauches all who engage in it and produces poverty, insanity, and crime everywhere, not only surrenders its God-appointed place as the protector of the innocent and helpless, but becomes a bribed partner of the criminal classes.

A third resolution was to the effect that, while the convention fully appreciated the fidelity of the Republican members of the Legislature, and expected no backward step, the passage of the Gatch bill or any bill giving legal sanction to the outlawed saloon would be conclusive evidence that the Republican party of Iowa could no longer be looked to for "the protection of our homes from the blighting curse of the rum traffic." In the event of such legislation "we instruct the officers of the Alliance to issue a

call for a meeting of all the friends of prohibition, to the end that organized action may be taken that shall stand for the home as against the saloon, for law as against lawlessness."

Much discussion followed, and an amendment of the objectionable third clause in the resolutions was suggested, to read as follows: "Legal sanction to the outlawed saloon will be evidence that we can no longer look to the two leading parties for the protection of the home from the blighting curse of the saloon, and in such event we recommend that the Alliance call a convention of the friends of prohibition to decide upon a course of future action."

In the resolutions finally adopted it was agreed that the question of prohibition in Iowa was paramount to any political issues now at stake, and that hereafter no suffrage or influence would be given to individuals or organizations not true

to prohibition. The proposition to raise money by the licensed sale of intoxicating liquors at the Columbian Exposition was denounced, as well as the Sunday opening of such exposition.

The Republican State Committee met at Des Moines on March 17 to select four delegates to the national convention at Minneapolis. Resolutions of confidence in the principles of the Republican party and in the administration of President Harrison were passed. It was also resolved that at the national convention an appeal should be made to the party to disregard all local differences in order to accomplish the following objects: The maintenance of protection; the full establishment of reciprocity "as a policy of government which is one of the great achievements of Republican statesmanship"; the elevation and prosperity of labor; the maintenance of a sound currency, "every dollar of which shall be the equal of every other dollar”; and equal legal rights for all citizens, black or white.

On June 30, the Republicans again met in convention at Des Moines, and the following nominations were made: For Secretary of State, W. M. McFarland; Treasurer, Byron A. Beeson; Attorney-General, John Y. Stone; Auditor, C. G. McCarthy: Railroad Commissioner, George W. Perkins. A resolution in favor of improving the highways was adopted, and a platform in which 'special pride was expressed in the tariff issue, the silver problem, the temperance question, and the demands made for an untrammeled ballot by the platform of the Republican National Convention. The attitude of the Democratic party toward the national tax on the issue of State banks was denounced.

66

The Democratic Convention met at Council Bluffs on May 11, for the selection of delegates at large to the national convention. By a unanimous vote the 26 delegates were instructed to vote as a unit for Gov. Horace Boies, and to use every effort in their power to secure his nomination for the presidency. Mr. Cleveland's name was omitted, without protest, from the official declaration of Democratic faith.

In the platform adopted the party's faith in the principle of all men being born free and equal was declared to mean more than equal rights to all men, and an exposition of the principle was made in this manner:

mouth the bread he earns with his own hands, and It means the right of every man to put into his own all of it, without having it tolled or taxed for the private benefit of any of his fellow-men. We denounce all such tolling and taxation as it exists to-day under the so-called protective tariff system. We declare a citizen is best protected who is insured in the absolute control and disposition of his own wages and substance, and that he is most certainly robbed when others exercise it for him, not for his benefit, when deprived of this disposition and control, and but for their own selfish objects and ends. All limitations upon the liberty of the citizen not required in the earnest of good morals and good government are odious and tyrannical. We hold it to be self-evident that the limits imposed by a law which compels one citizen to his certain loss to trade with designated classes of citizens for the certain gain of such classes, is of this odious and tyrannical character. And we assert our confidence that a free people can not be permanently deluded into supporting such legislation upon the pretense that they are thus being protected,