exhibit, Forestry exhibit, Ethnographical exhibit, and an Indian school. Leather Building.-The size of this building is 150x625 ft., having an area of 4.3 acres. The approximate cost will be $100,000. Everything of interest in connection with the leather industry will be shown in this building. Forestry Building.-The size of the Forestry Building is 208x528 ft., having an area of 2.6 acres. The approximate cost will be $90,250. The structure is of a rustic order of architecture. There is a veranda supporting the roof, the colonnade of which is composed of tree trunks, each 25 feet in length, all of them in their natural state. The roof is thatched with tan bark and other barks. The various wood finishings of the interior are both unique and attractive. The tree trunks were contributed by different States and Territories and foreign countries, the name of each tree being shown by a placard. The building has on exhibit forest products, logs and sections of trees, dressed lumber, such as flooring, casing, shingles, etc., dye woods and barks, lichens, wood pulp, rattan willow ware, wooden ware and numerous other specimens. Several complete sawmills will be in operation. The sawmill plants occupy a separate building costing about $35,000. Ethnological Exhibit.-This exhibit, originally intended to be held in the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building, has been moved to a separate building, thus giving additional space to the Educational Department. Its exact location, size, area, and cost, under the heading of Ethnology are not available at this writing. The scientific exhibits of the department will furnish a tableau of six months' duration, and so far as they were obtained by special exploration at the expense of the Exposition, will be retained in Chicago as the nucleus of a Museum of Natural History to be established as a permanent memorial of the World's Columbian Exposition. The section of American Archæology will begin as far back as the existence of man in America can be traced. The conditions under which man lived at that remote age will be shown by diagrammatic paintings representing the terminal portion of the ice sheet, with the deposits of clay, gravel, and boulders at its edge, and the flora and fauna of that time. In this connection will be shown portions of human skeletons and objects of man's handiwork which have been found in the glacial gravel, and which furnish evidence of his existence at that early period. Collections and models illustrative of the Eskimo and other Northern tribes of the Continent, and of the tribes of Central and South America, will be shown. All the most distinctive earthworks which show the phases of prehistoric life on the Continent will be represented. All the material collected this year by the Peabody Museum Honduras expedition will be loaned to this department. Pier, Movable Sidewalk, and Greek Pavilion. The pier, or landing point for visitors who shall arrive on the grounds via Lake Michigan, runs into the lake for 1,500 feet or more, the entrance to this pier from the grounds being east of the Casino. A movable sidewalk, with seats, will traverse the pier from end to end. At the eastern extremity will stand the Greek Pavil ion, light, airy, and artistic in appearance, yet well secured on firm foundations of masonry. The size of this pavilion will be 200x100 feet. Architecturally, it will combine the Doric and Ionic orders, the decorations being of white and gold. Casino, Peristyle, and Music Hall.-The composite structure is Roman in character and was designed by Charles B. Atwood. The Peristyle consists of forty-eight columns disposed in four rows on each side of an archway spanning the entrance from Lake Michigan to the great basin. These columns are sixty feet in height, and extend from the Music Hall on the one end to the Casino on the other. The central archway is 80 feet high. Upon the top of this arch will be the Columbian quadriga. As the structure as a whole is one of the most striking features of the Exposition, the description of F. D. Millet will be of interest: Music Hall, and the composers are duly honored in "Names of eminent musicians find a place on the like manner on the Casino, while the wealth of statuary on the Peristyle will have an echo in female figures representing music, which adorn each of the above mentioned buildings. All these single figures are now being executed by Theodore Baur of New York, a sculptor of great skill and widely recognized ability. The great archway which spans the canal between the basin and the lake, and forms a great central feature dominating the Peristyle, is dedicated to the discoverers who figure in the history of this Continent; and it might, therefore, more properly bear the name of Discoverer's Gate than the rather absurd title by which it has been known, Columbus Porticus. The great pylon-like pedestal on top of this archway is to support a colossal group, by Mr. D. C. French and Mr. Edward C. Potter, the former Roman chariot with a typical figure of a discoverer modeling the figures and the latter the horses. A is drawn by four horses, each pair of which is led by a female figure, graceful in action and beautiful in proportion, and on either side of the chariot mounted pages accompany the quadriga. The whole composition is exceedingly rich in grouping, joyous and free in movement. Seen from any point of view the Peristyle is marvelously impressive. From the additional charm of the reflection of its beauties the lake it towers like a palace of the Cæsars, with in the mirror of the water which washes its very foundations. From the basin it extends with its bewildering profusion of columns from the huge pavilion of the Manufactures Building on the one side to the stately colonnade of the Agricultural Building on the other. The opening of the archway frames a bewitching expanse of the lake with its ever changing lines, and, seen between the columns, the water often takes a clear turquoise hue by contrast with the pure warm white of the graceful shafts." The Casino and the Music Hall will each be devoted to the work of the Musical Department. The Music Hall will hold 2,000 persons, exclusive of stage accommodation for a chorus of 300 and an orchestra of 120. A separate room, to seat 500 persons, has been set apart for chamber music and recitals. As many of the choral and orchestral entertainments will be held in these two buildings, this may be the most fitting place to state briefly the plans of the Musical Director, Theodore Thomas. The range of work proposed is thus classified: Semi-weekly orchestral concerts in Music Hall. Chamber-music concerts and organ recitals. Popular concerts of orchestral music will be given frequently in Festival Hall during the six months of the Exposition. Provision is being made for the appearance at the Exposition of the representative orchestras of New York City and Boston. Invitations have been sent to the New York Philharmonic Society, Anton Seidl, conductor; and the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Arthur Nikisch, conductor, to give several concerts each. Invitations to representative European composers to visit the Exposition as guests, and to conduct programmes of their own compositions, have been sent. Acceptances have been received from Camille Saint-Saens of France, and Dr. A. C. Mackenzie of England, who will visit the Exposition in September. Each will appear as conductor of his own choral and instrumental compositions, and Saint-Saens will take part in several concerts of chamber music, and will appear as interpreter of his own pianoforte concertos, and as organist. Among others invited are Massenet, Grieg, Sgambati, Dvorák, and Dr. Arthur Sullivan. Among the German musicians invited were Dr. Johannes Brahms and Dr. Joseph Joachim, both of whom find it impossible to accept. Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building. -The size of this structure is 787 x 1,687 ft., having an area of 44 acres. The approximate cost is reported as $1,600,750. This is the largest of all the buildings. The great central hall has a clear space of 1,280 feet by 380 feet, and is surrounded by two galleries. The apex of the roof is 245 feet, which is supported by steel arches. The length of the gallery is 3,504 feet. The cast and west halls of the nave are 1,588 feet long, and the length of the nave, 4,119 feet. The building is three times as large as St. Peter's in Rome. The style of architecture is Corinthian, and it has four great entrances, one in the center of each façade. The Department of Manufactures consists of thirty-four large groups, divided into two hundred or more classes of the leading industries, collectively representing the products of modern machinery and man's handiwork in every form and design. The National Commission has approved the recommendation of the Director-General that a special medal of award be given for the best artistic display or installation of exhibits in each of the groups. The exhibit of the Liberal Arts Department will include an historical display of the progress of the United States in this direction during the VOL. XXXII.-52 A past, illustrative of the development of American ingenuity and endeavor. The only attractive sculptural features are the eagles that surmount the columns near the The mammoth entrance, and the spandrils. wings of the eagle of the Manufactures Building are capable of supporting nine men. The exhibit of the Hygiene and Sanitation Bureau, organized as a section of the Department of Liberal Arts, will deal with sanitary affairs in every phase. Physical development, food supply, preparation of food, cooking and serving, dwellings and buildings, hygiene of the workshop and factory, food inspection, quarantine, reception, care and protection of immigrants, and numerous kindred subjects will be represented. "Every possible sanitary precaution that tends to prolong life and minimize the dangers from disease will be shown either by actual appliances or models; the evils of the 'tenement' and 'sweating' sysold-style tenements and sweat-shops exhibited betems will be brought out very forcibly by models of side models of the best possible apartment houses and workshops. Heating, lighting, and drainage systems will be shown in contrast with exhibits illustrating the diseases and deformities caused by unwholesome trades and professions, or equally unwholesome quarters for the workingmen. "A notable exhibit will be that relating to public institutions of charity and their work. This will be made under the auspices and direction of the Bureau of Charities and Corrections, created for this purpose by the Exposition authorities. "The educational exhibit, principally on the ground floor of the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building, will be organized both by States and by grades. "Each State will occupy a definite area, which will be assigned with reference to the elements which the several States will have to represent as nearly as that can be ascertained. These areas will be side by side, in parallel subdivisions extending north and south. The parochial schools will have a definite place in the scheme, conformably to the same system. Each State exhibit will include: A presentation of its public-school system; its academies, normal schools, colleges and universities; its special, technical, and professional schools; except in cases where a specialty in education can be better illustrated by a collective exhibit independent of State lines. Thus there will be a single collective exhibit, showing library organization and management; one of commercial schools; of manual-training schools; of trade schools, etc. This method should probably be adopted, with exhibits of schools for the blind, the deaf, etc. In the presentation of publicschool systems the several States and Territories will be the smallest units for which separate provision can be made by the chief of the department. "The assignment of space to the several States and Territories will be determined by the information secured as to the character of the respective State exhibits. Each State should present a clear and concise epitome illustrative of its public-school system. As the conditions in the several States vary widely, exact rules of procedure cannot be formulated. "The organization and administration of educational work in the different States will be presented in detail. A map of the State upon a generous scale will be provided; by suitable conventions of color the location of every educational institution, from the common school up, will appear, proving by many instances that the schoolhouse crowns every hilltop and nestles in every valley. That the colors may be uniform, special directious and scale will be furnished by the chief of the department." United States Government Building.-The size of the Government Building is 351x421 ft., having an area of 6.2 acres. The approximate cost is given as $400.000. The exhibit will include contributions from the War, Treasury, Agricultural, Interior, Post-Office, and Naval Departments at Washington; also from the National Museum, Smithsonian Institute, etc. Details as to the space allotted to each section were given in the last issue of the Annual. The section from one of the big California redwood trees, which the Government will exhibit in its building, required eleven freight cars to convey it across the Continent. It measures thirty feet long by twenty-three feet in diameter. The section is hollowed out, and when placed on end, divided into two stories and lighted, as it will be, it will form a rustic house large enough for a family to live in. Naval Exhibit.-An imitation battle-ship occupies a space of 69.25x348 ft. The approximate cost is estimated at $100,000. This ship, built of brick and coated with cement, is erected on pilings alongside a pier, apparently moored at a wharf on the lake front, in the northeast portion of Jackson Park. The structure is made to represent a full-size first-class battle-ship of the new navy for coast-line defense, designed by the Bureau of Construction and Repairs. It is surrounded by water and has all the guns, turrets, torpedo tubes, torpedo nets, booms, anchors, chain cables, and all other fittings and appliances of a regular battle-ship. During the exhibition, the ship will be manned by a full complement of officers, sailors, and marines; and all explanations in regard to the mode of life upon a man-of-war will be made, and the method of handling the vessel during an engagement. The dimensions of the structure are length, 348 feet; width amidships, 69 feet 3 inches; and from the water-line to the top of the main deck, 12 feet-or the exact dimensions in detail of a battle-ship. The battery is mounted as on a regular war vessel. The berth deck will be an open space for the Navy Department's exhibit. Each bureau will exhibit special articles. One of the most interesting exhibits on this vessel will be a naval museum containing relics of naval wars. An exhibit of the Bureau of Ordnance has been arranged for. On the port side of the berth deck the Bureau of Construction and Repair will place on exhibition a number of models of new cruisers now in the Navy Department. Opposite, on the same deck, the Bureau of Steam Engineering will exhibit a fully equipped machine-shop similar to those that will be put on the real battle-ships. The Bureau of Medicine and Surgery will make an exhibit of the Medical Department. The Bureau of Supplies and Accounts will send an exhibit of provisions, clothing, mess gear, cooking utensils, and all articles necessary for a crew's comfort. With this bureau's exhibit will also be a collection of naval uniforms of the patterns in use from the creation of the navy to the present time. The electric lighting arrangements now in use in the navy will be shown by the Bureau of Equipment. In the main lagoon, to the west of the Govern ment Building, will be a wooded island having an area of twenty to thirty acres. The various animals, trees, plants, and flowers on this island will not be interfered with in any way, the idea being to allow visitors an opportunity to ramble freely through a miniature primeval forest. Fisheries Buildings.-The size of the main building is 162.1x361.1, having an area of 1.4 acres. The size of annexes will be 135 feet in diameter, the area of annexes being 7 acres. The approximate cost of all buildings is stated to be $224,750. The location of the Fisheries Building is at a point northwest of the United States Government Building. The aquaria, ten in number, are supplied with gold, tench and other fish, and have a capacity of from 7,000 to 27,000 gallons each. The glass fronts of the aquaria are about 575 feet in length and have 3,000 square feet of surface. The supply of sea water was secured by evaporating the necessary quantities, at the Woods Holl station of the United States Fish Commission, to about one-fifth of its bulk, thus reducing both quantity and weight for transportation about 80 per cent. The fresh water required to restore it to its proper density was supplied from Lake Michigan. One section of the Fisheries exhibit will be devoted to aquaria, a second to angling, and a third to commercial fisheries. The progress made in the character of fishing vessels will be fully illustrated. Exhibits from England and Newfoundland are expected. On the grounds northeast of the Government Building, and about midway between it and the Fisheries Buildings, will be found the Heliograph, Light House Exhibit, Weather Bureau and Life Saving Station, with an exhibit of various types of life-boats. To the north of these will be seen the foreign exhibits, including, in their order from west to east, Brazil, Colombia, Nicaragua, Sweden, Turkey, Hayti, Russia, Canada and Great Britain. The group of foreign buildings to the north of those just mentioned. on the eastern side of the grounds, includes Costa Rica, Guatemala, Ecuador, Norway, Ceylon, France, Austria, and Germany. There is also a Japanese exhibit on the wooded island to the west of the Fisheries Buildings. Foreign Nations.-The following foreign nations and colonies will be represented. The amounts opposite the names in the table show the sum set apart by the several nations and colonies for the purposes of their exhibits, so far as obtainable. (Revised Statements.) Germany.-The German exhibit will contain an architectural display, including drawings illustrating 200 or more of the most notable buildings in the Empire. Sweden.-This exhibit is in part designed on the lines of the old Norse stave churches. Most of the work has been done in Sweden, being shipped to Chicago in sections. The Swedish Government has prepared an excellent and comprehensive exhibit. Chili. The nitrate industry will be illustrated by an elaborate exhibit. "The prominence this product has attained in the finance of Chili makes the proposed exhibit doubly interesting." Venezuela.-The Venezuela building will be one story in height, of white marble, in the |