independence, and honor of the country." So the leaders were divided against themselves.

Pact of Biac-na-bató. In August, 1897, Governor Rivera sent Pedro Paterno, a distinguished citizen of Manila, to make peace with Aguinaldo. The peace commissioner and the insurgent leader met in Biac-na-bató, a rocky cave in Bulacan. Here an agreement was made. It was settled that the war should stop on certain conditions.

The Filipino leaders promised:

I. To surrender to the Spaniards 1,000 rifles and their forts.

2. To stop fighting and plotting against Spain. 3. That Aguinaldo and his leading officers should leave the Philippines.

Governor Rivera promised:

1. To pay Aguinaldo 800,000 pesos. This sum was to be divided among the revolutionary leaders. Later, 900,000 pesos were to be paid to Filipino citizens who had lost property through the war.

2. To send away the friars from the Philippines, or else make them live in the convents.

3. To give the Filipinos representation in the Cortes.

4. To judge Filipinos and Spaniards by the same laws, and give Filipinos high positions in the civil government.

Rivera had received authority from the Spanish government to make the payments of money. The promised reforms were not written down in the

agreement. It is claimed that Rivera gave his word of honor that they should be granted. It is certain that Spain gave him no authority to make these promises.

Departure of Aguinaldo.—On the 27th of December, 1897, Aguinaldo and thirty-four other leaders, including eight of his generals, sailed from Sual, a port of Pangasinan, for Hongkong. Aguinaldo was paid 400,000 pesos. Two Spanish generals were kept in the cave of Biac-na-bató as hostages until Aguinaldo arrived in Hongkong. Other Filipino officers remained to fulfil the promises that had been made.

Broken Promises.-The Filipinos kept their part of the agreement of Biac-na-bató. The 1,000 rifles were delivered to the Spaniards. The attacks on the Spanish forces ceased. The insurrection was ended. January 23, 1898, peace was proclaimed in Manila with great rejoicings. The Filipinos believed that they had obtained the reforms for which so many of their countrymen had died. Their joy was soon turned into sorrow.

The Spanish government failed to pay the remainder of the promised money. It had offered pardon to all who had taken part in the rebellion. Instead of keeping this promise it imprisoned and executed many. These acts showed that the government did not intend to keep its promises. The Filipinos believed that they had been tricked. Therefore they renewed the insurrection.

Renewal of the Insurrection.-March 25th seventy Visayan sailors were killed in Manila by Spanish soldiers. The Visayans had been accused of conspiracy, but without any trial they were shot down in cold blood. This was nothing less than a mas- . Nine days later five thousand rebels attacked

sacre.

the Spanish garrison in Cebú. Troops were hurried to Cebú from Manila and serious fighting followed. With the aid of the Seventy-third Native Regiment the Spaniards defeated the rebels. The latter fought bravely, but lost over a thousand men. If ever a country had lost its right to govern a colony Spain had lost all claim on the Philippines. A few weeks later the power which she had misused for centuries was to be taken from her. Great events

were happening on the other side of the globe. A country whose people hardly knew where the Philippines were was preparing to break forever the rule of Spain in these Islands.

QUESTIONS AND TOPICS.

1. What sort of men were the leaders of the insurrection

of 1896?

2. What was the object of the Katipunan?

3. What can you say of its methods?

4. Write a short life of Rizal.

5. What was the advice of Rizal to Valenzuela?

6. What was the effect of the death of Rizal?

7. Where were the first successes of the rebels?

8. What was the difference between the campaigns of Blanco and Polavieja ?

9. Is it right to compel the peaceful to fight?

10. How did the revolutionists treat their own people? II. What were the demands of the Katipúnan proclamation of 1897?

12. What division was there among the leaders?

13. Give the terms of the pact of Biac-na-bató.

14. Why were the promises of this treaty not kept?

15. Where and why did the insurrection break out again?

CHAPTER XXV.

THE COMING OF THE AMERICANS.

Cuba and the United States. For many years the United States had watched the rule of Spain in Cuba. This fertile and beautiful island lies but a day's sail from the shores of the Great Republic. More than $50,000,000 of American money was invested in the industries of Cuba. Many Cubans were living and working in the United States. Therefore the Americans felt a great interest in the prosperity of the people of that island.

The Cuban Rebellion.-In 1894 the last of many Cuban rebellions against Spain began. The trade of the United States suffered greatly. At great expense the coast was watched by war-ships to keep the Cubans from bringing arms and ammunition from the United States to Cuba.

General Weyler, who was Governor of the Philippines from 1888 to 1891, was in command of the Spanish troops in Cuba. He forced the peaceful people from their homes in the country, and crowded them together in filthy camps where they had not enough to eat. Tens of thousands of innocent peo