So perished the bravest sailor of his day. A monument marks the spot in Mactan where he was killed. If he had been a man of the tact and pru dence of Legazpi, Spanish rule in the Philippines would have begun forty years sooner than it did. Massacre of Spaniards at Cebú.-The fame of the Spaniards was destroyed by this defeat. The Cebuans no longer thought it impossible to resist them. A former slave of Magellan told Humabon that if he did not kill the Spaniards, they would make slaves of him and his people. The chief therefore planned to kill them. He invited the Spaniards to a banquet. He forgot the blood compact, his baptism, and the fact that Magellan died fighting the enemies of Cebú. While the Spaniards were enjoying the feast, twenty-three of them were suddenly massacred. Juan Serrano escaped to the beach. He called to his companions in the ships and begged them to rescue him. They refused to offer a ransom for him, and sailed away. We can not admire the treachery of the natives or the heartlessness of the Spaniards. Elcano Sails Around the Globe.-Carbalho, the new commander of the fleet, burned the Concepción, which was unfit for the sea, and used the nails to repair the remaining ships. Then he sailed for the Spice Islands, touching at Paragua, Mindanao, Borneo, and Tidor, the last being one of the Spice Islands. Here a trading post was established. The Trinidad tried to return to Mexico, but was obliged to come back. At Ternate she fell into the hands of the Portuguese. The Victoria, in command of Juan Sebastián de Elcano, sailed on around the world to Spain, by way of the Cape of Good Hope. She was the first ship to encircle the globe. Her voyage was the most daring and interesting ever made. The vast Pacific had been crossed, a strait found connecting it with the Atlantic, and a new archipelago discovered. Europe now knew that the world was round. This was the greatest discovery, perhaps, that man ever made. All 66 Arrival of the Victoria." It was the 6th of September, 1522, when the Victoria arrived at San Lucar, Spain. She brought a cargo of sandalwood, spices, and gold-dust. Bareheaded and ragged, the eighteen men who still remained walked to the church and gave thanks for their safe return. It was more than forty years after this before the Spaniards settled in the Philippines. Portuguese Demarcation Line of 1529.-Loaisa and Saavedra followed Magellan to the Philippines within a few years. Both of their expeditions were failures. The value of the Philippines was not yet understood. They produced few spices. The Moluccas were considered much more valuable. and Spanish both claimed these islands. quarrel, Charles I., in 1529, gave up his claim to the Moluccas to the King of Portugal for 350,000 ducats. Really, Spain had no right to the Philippines, because they were on the eastern half of the globe, in Portuguese territory. A new line was now established 297 leagues east of the Moluccas. This left the Philippines on the Portuguese side of the line. Still Spain continued her attempts to conquer them. Thus she sold what she did not own, and took by force what she had already sold. Expedition of Villalobos.-This leader left Mexico in 1542. King Charles sent him "For the discovery, conquest, and colonization of the islands. and provinces of the southern sea toward the west." Villalobos partly explored Mindanao. After strug gling with hunger and hostile natives for two years, he gave up the attempt to make a settlement in the Philippines, dying at Amboina, in the Spice Islands. It was Villalobos who gave the name " Felipinas to Leyte and some smaller islands in 1543. This was in honor of Prince Felipe, son of Charles I., who later, as Philip II., sent Legazpi to the Philippines. The Portuguese in the Philippines.-The Portuguese had sent a missionary to Mindanao in 1538. He baptized several chiefs with their subjects. The Portuguese did not try to make permanent settlements in the Philippines. They sailed among the Islands, trading and making slaves. In Bohol at one time they killed 500 persons, and made slaves of 600. They used to tell the Filipinos that they were Spaniards so that the natives, remembering their cruelty, might learn to hate the Spaniards. QUESTIONS AND TOPICS. 1. Describe the old trade routes from Europe to the 2. Who were the greatest sailors of the fifteenth century? 5. Find the position of the different demarcation lines on 6. Who gave the kings of Portugal and Spain the right to divide the world between them? 7. What was Magellan to 'gain from the discoveries? 8. Why was Magellan's the greatest of voyages? 9. Date and place of the first mass in the Philippines. 10. What do you think of the character of Magellan ? 11. Why were the Philippines not valued at first? 12. Is a massacre just in warfare ? 13. Why did Villalobos fail to settle in the Philippines? 14. What was the greatest result of Magellan's voyage? 15. Write a short sketch of the life of Magellan. |