CHAPTER XIX.

THE BEGINNING OF MODERN TIMES.

Governorship of Anda-Anda a Modern Man-The Teaching

of Spanish-Death of Anda-Vargas and Agriculture-

Why Java Prospered-The Tobacco Monopoly-Abuses of

the Tobacco Monopoly—End of the Tobacco Monopoly—

"Royal Company of the Philippines"-Sociedad Econó-

mica de Amigos del País-Vargas Resigns-Industry Better

than Conquest-Rafael de Aguilar Governor-Aguilar and

Foreigners—Progress of the Filipinos

CHAPTER XX.

THE FILIPINOS AND THE CORTES.

Napoleon Conquers Spain-First Filipino Deputies-The Con-

stitution of 1812-Publication of the Constitution-Restora-

tion of Fernando VII.-Revolt in Ilocos Norte-Oppression

of the Poor-The Constitution Renewed-The School of

Freedom-Recommendations of the Deputies-End of

Representation in the Cortes

CHAPTER XXI.

REBELLION AND REFORM.

The Mutiny of Novales-Suppression of the Revolt-Mariano

Ricafort Governor-The Rebellion of Dagohoy-An In-

dependent People-The New Pueblos-Pascual Enrile

Governor-Advantages of Good Roads-Kinds of Re-

bellion-The Revolt of the Cofradía-Destruction of the

Cofradía

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214

221

CHAPTER XXII.

CLAVERIA AND URBISTONDO.

Changes of Governors-Character of the Spanish Officials-
The Friars and the Governors-Effect of Travel and Com-
merce-Narciso Clavería Governor-Reformation of the
Calendar Surnames of the Filipinos-First Steamers in

the Philippines-The Governors-Gains of the Governors

—Urbistondo; Conquest of Joló-Treaty with the Sultan

-The First Philippine Bank-The Next Ten Years—

Return of the Jesuits-Reforms in Education-Educational

Decree of 1863-Earthquake of 1863.

CHAPTER XXIII.

THE DAWN OF REPUBLICANISM.

Revolution in Spain-Carlos de la Torre Governor-"Guias

de Torre"-The Red Ribbon-Spread of Republicanism

-The Meaning of Freedom-Rafael de Izquierdo Gover-

nor-The Cavite Insurrection-Cause of the Insurrection

-Burgos, Zamora, and Gómez-The Execution-The

"Mailed Hand"-Peace Commercial Growth-Munici-

pal Councils-Progress in Education

CHAPTER XXIV.

THE LAST STRUGGLE AGAINST SPAIN.

New Leaders-The Secret Societies-José Rizal-Calamba

Lands Trouble-Banishment of Rizal-Death of Rizal-

Discovery of the Plot-The Rise of Aguinaldo-The Re-

bellion in the North-Campaign of Polavieja-Spread of

the Insurrection-The Right to Revolt-Rivera's Cam-

paign-Katipunan Proclamation of 1897-Pact of Biac-

na-bató-Departure of Aguinaldo-Broken Promises-

Renewal of the Insurrection

CHAPTER XXV.

THE COMING OF THE AMERICANS.

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230

244

258

Cuba and the United States-The Cuban Rebellion-Destruc-
tion of the Maine-The President and Congress—The
Battle of Manila Bay-Effect in Manila of Dewey's Victory
-Renewal of the Insurrection-Why Dewey Remained in
the Philippines-Aguinaldo Dictator-The Revolutionary
Government-The Taking of Manila-The Treaty of
Paris-The Effect of Distance-Monarchy or Republic-
A Filipino Republic Impossible-Unity First Necessary. 20

CHAPTER XXVI.

THE FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR.

Why Aguinaldo's Army Did Not Enter Manila—The Malolos

Government-The Instructions of McKinley-The Revo-

lutionary Constitution-The First Shot-Periods of the

War-The Battle of February 5th-Fighting the Flames—

The Advance North-The Battle of Zapote Bridge-The

Flight of Aguinaldo-The Taking of Tila Pass-Agui-

naldo's Escape The Period of Guerilla Warfare―The

Occupation of the Visayas—The Republic of Negros-Re-

sults of the War-Martial Law.

CHAPTER XXVII.

THE FIRST AMERICAN CIVIL GOVERNOR.

William H. Taft Governor-The Policy of McKinley-" The

Philippines for the Filipinos"-The Educational System

-Filipino Students in America-Agriculture-Commerce

-Governor Wright and the Future

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301