telligence required for each position. An intelligence equal to that of high school seniors will no doubt be found higher than necessary for some positions for which high school graduation has been required, and lower than necessary for others. In so far as a position requires proficiency in formal subjects, additional tests will be given to test that proficiency. An example of this would be a position which involves the application of algebra and geometry, such as that of junior engineer, in which a mathematical test would be given in addition to the general intelligence test. A detailed report of the findings will be published at a later date. No extravagant claim is made for the perfection or infallibility of testing methods. We recognize that many problems will continue to confront us for which research has not yet evolved scientific solutions. The greatest danger in quantitative tests is that they will be accepted and used with too little critical judgment. The function of the research section is not to hurry the introduction of new tests, but rather to make certain that the changes are justified. Methods of examination which have been modified from time to time because of experience cannot be discarded or radically changed until the possible substitutes are known beyond a doubt to be improvements. On this account, the general adoption of changes must necessarily be slow and will follow only when there is positive evidence of superior methods of prediction. Only as the changes made are in conformity with definite and exact knowledge based on comparable quantitative results may we be certain that we are making not merely changes, but progress. REPORTS OF LOCAL ASSOCIATIONS The following constituent local Associations of the League rendered a report of the work of the Association during the year 1922: Buffalo Civil Service Reform Association Buffalo Women's Civil Service Reform Association Connecticut Civil Service Reform Association Maryland Civil Service Reform Association Women's Auxiliary to Maryland Civil Service Reform Association Massachusetts Civil Service Association Women's Auxiliary to Massachusetts Civil Service New York Civil Service Reform Association Pennsylvania Civil Service Reform Association In continuation of previous audits we have made an examination of the cash records of the League for the three months ending November 30, 1922, and submit herewith a statement of the receipts and disbursements for the entire period from December 1, 1921, to November 30, 1922, as recorded in the books. The receipts for the three months, as shown by the cash book, were traced to the bank statements and found to have been promptly deposited. Properly approved and satisfactory vouchers were examined by us in support of all disbursements. Cash in bank at November 30, 1922, as stated by the books, was confirmed with certificates forwarded to us by the depositary and cash on hand was verified by actual count. We inspected the $200.00 par value U. S. Third Liberty Loan Bonds and the Fifth Avenue Bank of New York certified that at November 30, 1922, there were lodged with them for the league's account $5,000.00 par value United States Certificates of Indebtedness due March 15, 1923. Yours very truly, PRICE, WATERHOUSE & CO. NATIONAL CIVIL SERVICE REFORM LEAGUE STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS DECEMBER 1, 1921 TO NOVEMBER 30, 1922 Balance at December 1, 1921 (excluding $5,000.00 U. S. Treasury Certificates) $2,541.71 Balance at November 30, 1922 (excluding $5,000.00 U. S. Treasury Certificates). $5,171.41 CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS of the National Civil Service Reform League ARTICLE I. The name of this organization shall be the National Civil Service Reform League. ARTICLE II. The object of the National Civil Service Reform League shall be to promote the purposes and to facilitate the correspondence and united action of the Civil Service Reform Associations, and generally to advance the merit system and to improve the administration of the civil service throughout the United States. ARTICLE III. No debt shall be contracted by the League, by the Council or Executive Committee in excess of its assured income for the period in which its indebtedness is payable. ARTICLE IV. The League shall consist of all the Civil Service Reform Associations in the United States which signify a willingness to become members thereof, and shall be accepted as such by the League or the Council. Any member of any such Association, and any individual specially invited by the Council, may be present at any meeting of the League and take part in the debates or discussions subject to such restrictions, if any, as the By-Laws may prescribe. The Council may in its discretion invite representatives of any other society or organization to take part in any designated meeting of the League. The Council may also establish associate and sustaining members of the League, and shall prescribe the annual dues thereof, and may also establish other classes of membership and the dues, if any, thereof. Associate and sustaining members shall have the same status at the meetings of the League as the members of a Civil Service Reform Association. ARTICLE V. At any meeting of the League all questions shall be decided by a majority vote of the individuals present and entitled to take part in the proceedings, unless a majority of the representatives present of any Association shall demand a vote by Associations, in which case each Association represented shall be entitled to one vote for every one hundred members, but each Association shall have at least one vote, |