eu a faithful steward to the earl of Lincoln, was PT. 1. chosen deputy-governor.

P'D. IIL

6. At the first, the freemen all went to Boston to vote, CH. VL every man for himself. The government then was a simple democracy. But the settlements were soon so Goveruspread, that some would have to go many miles. They ment then concluded to choose certain of their number, as is changes. now done in our freeman's meetings, to go to the seat of government and do their public business for them. This was changing the government to a representative democracy. The same change took place in most of the other colonies.

7. Charles I., the son and successor of James I., was no less violent in his religious and political despotism; 1635. and emigrants continued to flock to New England. In 3000 emi the year 1635, not less than three thousand arrived, grate to among whom, was the younger Henry Vane, afterwards much known in the history of England.

N.E.

Vane

8. The high manner of Vane, his-profound religious feeling, and his great knowledge, so wrought in his governor, favor, that, disregarding his youth, the people rashly 1636. withdrew their suffrages from the good Winthrop, and chose him governor, the year after his arrival.

3

CHAPTER VI.

Rhode Island and its first Founder.

1631.

1. ROGER WILLIAMS, a puritan minister, had been driven from England by persecution. When he arrived Feb. 5, in Massachusetts, he proclaimed, that the only business Views o of the human legislator is with the actions of man as tolerathey affect his fellow-man; but as for the thoughts and

6. What kind of government was first in use in the colonies generally? To what kind was it changed?-7. Who succeeded James I., as king of England? Was he less violent in persecution? What can you say respecting emigration and emigrants?-8. What can you say of Henry Vane?

CHAPTER VI. Who was Roger Williams? What new opinons did he proclaim?

tion.

ม

3

113

66

P'D. III.

JUST PRINCIPLES OF TOLERATION.

FTI. feelings of his mind, and the acts or omissions of his life, as respects religious worship, the only law-gi ver CH. VI. is God; and the only human tribunal, a man's own conscience.

2. The minds of the puritan fathers were troubled by these new and strange doctrines, which they be lieved would, unless checked, destroy all that they had suffered so much to establish. Williams, the elo quent young divine, frank and affectionate, had, how ever, won the hearts of the people of Salem; and they invited him to settle with them as their pastor. Th 1635. general court forbade it. Williams withdrew to Ply settled at mouth, where he remained as pastor for two years; and Salem. then returned to Salem, where he was again gladly re ceived by the people.

Williams

3

Salem

3. The court punished the town for this offence, by withholding a tract of land, to which they had a claim. Williams wrote to the churches, endeavoring to show the injustice of this proceeding; whereupon the court ordered, that, until ample apology was made for the disfran- letter, Salem should be disfranchised. Then all, even chised. his wife, yielded to the clamor against him; but he declared to the court, before whom he was arraigned, that he was ready to be bound, or, if need were, to atWilliams test with his life, his devotion to his principles. The court, however, pronounced against him the sentence of exile.

Danished.

4. Winter was approaching, and he obtained permission to remain till spring. The affections of his people revived, and throngs collected to hear the be1636. loved voice, soon to cease from among them. The authorities became alarmed, and sent a pinnace to con vey him to England; but he had disappeared.

5. Now a wanderer in the wilderness, he had not, upon many a stormy night, either "food, or fire, or company,' nor better lodging than the hollow of a At last, a few followers having joined him, he

tree.

2. How did they affect the minds of the Puritan settlers! Relate what happened respecting Williams?-3. What did the general court after Salem had twice received Williams? What letter did Williams write? What was the consequence? Was the sentence of Williams immediately executed? 5. Wha happened now to Williams?

4.

PROVIDENCE PLANTATION.

67

fixed at Seckonk, since Rehoboth, within the limits of PT. I. the colony of Plymouth. Winslow was now governor p›D III there; and he felt himself obliged to communicate to CH. VI. Williams, that his remaining would breed disturbance He goes between the two colonies; and he added his advice to to the that privately conveyed to Williams, by a letter from gansetts Winthrop, "to steer his course to Narragansett Bay."

Narra

gift.

6. Williams now threw himself upon the mercy of Canonicus. In a little time he so won upon him, that he extended his hospitality to him and his suffering company. He would not, he said, sell his land, but Receives he freely gave to Williams, whose neighborhood he a noble now coveted, and who was favored by his nephew Miantonomoh, all the neck of land between the Pawtucket and Moshasuck rivers," that his people might sit down in peace and enjoy it forever." Thither they went; and, with pious thanksgiving, named the goodly place PROVIDENce.

The

3

7. By means of this acquaintance with the Narragansetts, Williams learned that a conspiracy was forming to cut off the English, headed by Sassacus, the powerful chief of the Pequods. The Narragansetts had been strongly moved by the eloquence of Mono- Narra notto, associate chief with Sassacus, to join in the gansetts plot. They wavered; but Williams, by making a pe- English. rilous journey to their country, persuaded them rather to unite with the English, against their ancient enemies.

8. Anxious to do good to his brethren, though they had persecuted him, Williams next wrote to Governor Winthrop; who, taking the alarm, invited Miantonomoh to visit him at Boston. The chieftain went, and there entered into a treaty of peace and alliance with the English; engaging to them the assistance of the Narragansetts against the Pequods...Williams founded, at Providence, the first Baptist Church in America.

6. To whom

5. What advice did he get, and from whom? did he apply for shelter? Could he bay land of the sachem? Who favored him? What noble gift did he receive? —7. What did Williams learn and what do respecting the Narragansetts ?— B. What letter did he write? What church did he found?

favor the

68

FIRST HOUSE IN CONNECTICUT.

CHAPTER VII.

Connecticut and its Founders.

P'T. I. 1. THE Dutch and English both claimed to be the P'D. III. original discoverers of Connecticut river; but the former CH. VII. had probably the juster claim. The natives along its The valley were kept in fear by the more warlike Pequods Dutch, on the east, and the terrible Mohawks in the west; and coverers hence they desired the presence of the English, as River. defenders.

the dis

of Coun.

2. As early as 1631, Wahquimacut, one of their sachems, being pressed by the Pequods, went to BosAn invi- ton, and afterwards to Plymouth, earnestly requesting tation. that an English colony might be sent to his pleasant 1631. country. Governor Winthrop declined his proposal; but Edward Winslow, then governor of Plymouth, favored the project, and visited, and examined the valley.

3. The Plymouth people had been, some time previous, advised by the Dutch to settle on Connecticut river; and they now determined to pursue the enterprise. They fixed on the site of Windsor, as the place Dutch fix to erect a trading-house. But the Dutch changed their at Hart- minds, and were now determined to take the country themselves. They, therefore, erected a small trading fort, called the house of Good Hope, on a point of land in Sukeag, since Hartford, at the junction of the Little river with the Connecticut.

ford.

Ply

4. The materials for the Plymouth trading-house October, being put on board a vessel, Captain Holmes, who 1633. commanded, soon appeared, sailing up the river. When mouth opposite to the Dutch fort he was commanded to stop, people at or he would be fired upon; but he resolutely kept his course; and the Windsor house, the first in Connecticut, was erected and fortified before winter.

Wind

Sor.

CHAPTER VII.-1. What can you say of the discovery of Connecticut River? What of the natives of its valley -2. What request was made by one of the sachems? How was it received?-3. What did the Dutch advise, and what do? Where did the Plymouth people locate-4. How proceed in voɛpect to building? What can be said of the houso they built

FIRST SETTLERS OF CONNECTICUT.

69

5. The Grand Council first patented Connecticut to PT. I. the earl of Warwick. That nobleman transferred his P'D. III patent to Lord Say and Seal, and Lord Brooke, with CH. VII. others. John Winthrop, son of the worthy gover- Patent o nor of Massachusetts, having been sent to England on business for that colony, took an agency for the two The Lords patentees, and was directed by them to build a younger fort at the mouth of the Connecticut river.

Conn

Win

throp.

the

pa

tent,

6. The patent granted all that part of New England which extends "from Narragansett river one hundred and twenty miles on a straight line, near the shore, to1631. wards the south-west, as the coast lies toward Virginia, Extent of and within that breadth, from the Atlantic ocean to the South Sea." These bounds show how little was known by the Grand Council of the geography of the country. 7. Before Mr. Winthrop's commission was known, 1633, THOMAS HOOKER and his church had determined to 1635. leave Newtown, since called Cambridge, and plant themselves upon Connecticut river, in accordance with Hooker the invitation given by the sachem. They obtained town for that object, a reluctant permission from the general court of Massachusetts.

to

at New

Windsor and

8. Other parties around the Bay were also in motion. In August, a few pioneers, from Dorchester selected a place at Windsor, near the Plymouth trading- Wethhouse; and others, from Watertown, fixed on Pyquag, now Wethersfield.

ersfield.

Hard

dured

9. Having made such preparations as they were able, a party, intending to be in advance of Hooker, set out in October, with their families, amounting in all to hi sixty persons, men, women, and children. To proceed rapidly across a trackless wilderness, through swamps and over mountains, was impossible; and when the tedious journey was accomplished, winter was at hand; and it set in earlier than usual, and was uncommonly severe.

5 Who gave the patent of Connecticut? Who was the first patentee? To whom did he transfer? What agent did they appoint? What directions give?-6. What territory did the patent include ?-7. Where were Thomas Hooker and his church first settled? Where did they determine to go? right had they to go there? 8. What other parties had similar designs? 9. Give an account of the party who went in advance of Ho' er 1

What