and Challoner rode like a man. Didn't see the race myself, but a man told me that Peep-o'Day stumbled, or the thing would have been a dead certainty. Know Captain Grantley Indian man? Married a very jolly Kent girl belle of the place, in fact. He has lost tremendously, regularly case of sell up, I believe; has been going the pace lately, no flinching, and rather hoped that this Derby would make up for the coin he had dropped at loo. Sorry for Mrs. Grantley very jolly woman, and gives nice balls. Ta-ta! See you about somewhere, I suppose." "Thanks, you have been as good as the Morning Post; I don't think I'll trouble Lady Fidfaddle just yet. I have got some business on. Ta-ta, old Franklin." As he left his chattering friend, who had just given him such an important piece of business, it would be difficult to analyze the state of his mind, or to say which feeling was uppermost. Here was, if he liked, fine opportunity for revenge. He could call at once, and see Ella, and hear from her own lips, probably, the story of the misery of her wedded life, in silence, which would be far more torturing to his victim than the most furious taunts. But the goodnatured young fellow entertained no such thought as this, I will answer for him: in the first place it was too stage-like, this idea; all very well for the jilted Edgardo to come back to the rival's wife and make her expire to slow music, or go mad to a staccato accompaniment; but it suited not the modern youth's idea of action. Besides, he loved the woman as much, or probably more, than ever; it did not enter into his simple creed of morality to suppose that there was very much harm in loving another man's wife, if he kept the secret deadlocked in his own heart. What harm could it do anyone but himself? (I am afraid that the Reverend Boanerges will howl dismally at this. My reverend gentleman, I make opinions for my characters, but do not uphold them as my own. Omnes semel insanivimus). Any uncertainty as to how he was to act and any remarkable plan that he might be forming in his mind was suddenly brought to a full stop by his arriving at the door of the house in Portman Square, which we have had the pleasure of visiting before. A sharp-eyed telegraph-boy was in the act of delivering a message to the solemn flunkey, who took it daintily in his hands, and looked dreamily on the boy. "Now then, Jeames, look sharp and get this paper signed; I can't afford to waste my waluable time a-staring at them calves." Charley walked up. "Mrs. Grantley at home?" announced the utter ruin of her husband, and the downfal of all her hopes. Certes real situations often surpass anything that the manager can put on the boards, or the novelist into his story. The man Ella had refused was come home, in the prime of health and happiness, with not a single care lining his brow and dimming his eye. The Paladin whose image she had set up and worshipped, has fallen from the pedestal; the gilding is all rubbed off, the fine carving battered and besmeared, and a crippled gambler and turfite is all that remains of all that had entrapped her maiden fancy. And ever bring a blessing from a God of peace and love. Our time and talents were not sent for selfish use alone, Let us share them with another-they are doubly then our own; And half Life's cares and troubles from our presence shall depart, When they find us casting sun-rays on a lone and gloomy heart. DENMARK-ITS HISTORY AND LITERATURE. In the mystic ages of antiquity, ere yet fair Science had shed her genial rays on the world, and when the bard or troll, chanting his lays from house to house, was the only cultivator of literature, when the mailed warrior despised the gentle arts of peace, there arose brave spirits whose lives of daring and reckless valour invested them with a prestige of which the iron pen of history has never deprived them. Physical beauty and courage took the lead in the infancy of nations, and those individuals who triumphed in the field soon carved their way to fortune, and often a diadem was the reward of their labours. The Northern people differed in many respects from their Southern allies: the luxurious Italian and the oftentimes effeminate Greek dreamed away their lives in the most delicious reveries under the sunny skies and amid the balmy airs of the most glorious climate in the world. Song, jest, and fable lulled their senses to a calm oblivion; the circus, the bath, the gladiators, and the combat with the wild beasts filled up the measure of their enjoyment. But the Northman was of a different mould; his life was passed for the most part in snows and ice; the chase was his greatest delight; the stormy ocean had for him an intense enjoyment, of which the Southerner had not the slightest idea. The rovers of the snowy lands penetrated far, and even prior to the Christian era had acquainted themselves with many practical secrets of navigation, and visited lands deemed fabulous even by the learned Strabo; but both the Northern and Southern nations had deified their founders; divine honours were paid to Romulus in the Roman empire, and Thor was worshipped with the most idolatrous veneration throughout the North; and many noble and reigning families trace their descent from this mighty hero; the lordly line of Denmark claims heirship with this great general of the olden time. The early history of Denmark is wrapped in great obscurity; many of the records have perished, and but few writers appeared in the early part of the settlement; but from the scanty data which have been gathered, it seems to have been an acknowledged fact that the Cimbri first occupied the country, and retained it till the end of the second century before Christ. They made but few advances in the arts or literature; still some wild ballads have been preserved, that are not without a certain picturesque beauty. In A.D. 250, the Goths overran the kingdom under Woden, and established themselves permanently. All the ancient laws are Gothic, and the traces of their dominion remain to this day. The Danes speedily learned the great necessity of adding to their resources by maritime excursions, and soon made their prowess felt in all parts of Europe; they saw that their land was sterile and their climate cold. The nations of Southern Europe could not withstand these fierce barbarians, and in the eighth and ninth centuries the fair-haired race invaded England and Scotland and conquered Normandy; the different parts of the kingdom united under one sovereign; in 1014 Norway and England were added to the growing kingdom, and in 1016 Canute was converted to Christianity and introduced it into his dominions. His dynasty ruled until 1042. The feudal system prevailed in Denmark with the same features as in other parts of Europe, but was invariably resisted by the burghers and the peasants. The latter were free, hardy, and independent, and would not submit to be tamely despoiled of their rights. They claimed to have an equal share in the administration of the realm, and would not contribute their quots till assured that all their privileges should be respected. Margaret, the widow of Haco of Norway, and daughter of Waldemar the Third, mounted the throne in 1387, and wore the three crowns, adding that of Norway by conquest. This intrepid princess may be styled the Elizabeth of the North. Far in advance of the rude age in which she lived, she saw, like her great Eng. lish sister, the necessity of curbing the power of the nobles, and, so far as circumstances would allow, diminished their prerogatives: she was also fond of the arts. Her title to the three crowns was admitted by the treaty of Calmar in 1397. The Swedes, however, did not relish the union; like the Danes, they were bold, free, fond of liberty, and attached to their ancient privileges; the foreign yoke pressed heavily upon them, and they determined to throw it off. The Wosos still lived, and the peasants secretly. cherished the idea that their loved prince would rule over them. Conspiracy after conspiracy was detected, defeat for a while paralyzed all their efforts; but the Swedes were eventually successful, and Sweden was declared independent in 1523. "Thus Denmark was reduced to her old proportions." A succession of rulers bore the sceptre, revolts arose, and in 1523 the crown passed to Frederick the First, Duke of Schleswig and Holstein, whose son, eleven years later, united these two duchies to the crown, and divided them between his brothers, a measure which created immense dissatisfaction. Though a small kingdom, Denmark exercised then considerable influence in European affairs. In the seventeenth century Christian the Fourth espoused the cause of the Protestants, but was vanquished by Wallenstein and compelled to sue for peace. The Swedes, however, gave their neighbours no little trouble, and the kingdoms were at war from 1669 to 1718. The Danish government then saw the policy of peace, and felt severely the loss of some provinces. During these contests with Sweden the royal prerogatives had been greatly increased, the popular power had declined, and the nobility lost some of the privileges of their caste. The crown also, which was to a certain degree elective, was now declared hereditary in the reigning family. But great changes were at hand. Louis the Sixteenth had submitted to the axe; faction after faction ruled the kingdom of the Bourbons; war unfurled her sanguinary standard in every part of Europe, and Denmark could scarcely escape being drawn into the vortex; and in 1801, entering into a defensive alliance with Russia, Prussia, and Sweden, involved herself in a war with Great Britain, which resulted in the temporary loss of some of her colonies. England was then the only European power that resisted the overshadowing influence of France and the spell of her mighty Emperor. In 1807 that monarch signified to Denmark that she must take part in the war against England, and information of this mandate reaching the court of St. James, the ministry at once sent a large armament to the Baltic to force the Danes to surrender their navy, and after a valiant defence, the English were ultimately successful. In 1814 a peace was concluded, but Heligoland and the fleet were held by her opponents; an arrangement was made that Norway should be ceded to Sweden, Denmark retaining the province of Pomerania, which in 1815 she yielded to Prussia in exchange for the duchy of Lauenburg and a large sum of money. tria espoused the cause of Denmark. The duchies were now forced to submit, and the whole question was deliberated at a convention of ambassadors from Northern and Western Europe, who finally declared that the succession should devolve on Prince Christian of the Sonderburg-Glücksburg line, and his male heirs, and in the event of that family becoming extinct, then Russia should succeed to a portion of the duchies. This decision greatly displeased the duchies and the Danes, and was rejected by the diet in 1852, and when presented to the same assembly the year following met a similar fate. But the King was pledged to the ruling powers, and the measure was finally passed June 24th, 1853. On the coronation of the present sovereign of Denmark, the duchies exhibited great dissatisfaction, and if Prussia had not subsequently interfered, would have accomplished most if not all that they desired. little State, her literature and internal policy, A glance at the natural boundaries of this may not be without interest to the general Jutland, the islands of Seeland, Funen, Laaland, reader. This kingdom consists of the peninsula of Falsta, Langeland, Alsen, Möen, Samsöe, Lasöe, Fehmern, Bornholm, and the duchy of Schleswig, She also possesses the Färöe Isles, Iceland, and Greenland, and St. Thomas, Santa Cruz, and San Juan in the West-Indies. She has an of 2,588,996. The country is, for the most part, area of 445,705 square miles, and a population lakes are small; the points, or arms of the an almost unbroken plain, and the rivers and Although the latitude is high, the winters are sea, are the most prominent natural features. seldom severe, and the climate is damp. Great attention is paid to agriculture, and large quantities of hemp, flax, peas, barley, rye, and The revenue of the kingdom in 1860 was oats, are produced; some tobacco is grown. 18,563,650 dollars, the civil-list 875,200 dollars; the income met the demands, and the national debt was 62,942,196 dollars. Denmark formerly claimed the exclusive right of imposing tolls on all vessels navigating The Sound, and exacted heavy dues; these were sometimes settled by a commutation, and, at the Congress of Vienna, these claims were ad The duchies then were exceedingly dissatisfied, and have always been a thorn "in the State;" they have no affinities for the Danes, and greatly prefer a German ruler; they feared that the royal line would become extinct, and in that event the duchies would be declared independent of the Danish crown, and annexed to the German confederation. The popular discontent was greatly increased by certain letterspatent issued by the regal authority, declaring that in all the royal dominions excepting certain parts of Holstein the laws of succession should be uniform. The flame was fed by out-mitted, and the revenue decreed to belong to side interference, and on the accession of Frederick the Seventh, in 1848, the duchies took up arms in defence of their rights, and were assisted by Prussia, who sent a large force, drove out the Danes, and invaded Jutland. England and Russia interfered, and an armistice was signed, which was exceedingly offensive to the malcontents. In 1849 Prussia undertook a second campaign in Holstein, and though her interference was not disregarded, still the Holsteiners relied mainly on themselves, and "maintained a spirited resistance till defeated at Idstett, July 23rd, 1850." Prussia had determined on neutrality, and Aus the kingdom. The matter engaged the attention of the European powers from time to time, and a convention was held at Copenhagen to adjust it finally, and that power accepted 19,145,000 dollars as a full compensation for The Sound dues: "Great Britain paid 28.90 per cent.; Russia, 27.80 per cent.; Prussia, 12.60 per cent., and the United States 2.03 per cent." The domestic trade of Denmark is very large, and most of the shipments are made by water. There are also four large canals, one of which, having seven sluices and the same number of bridges, is navigable for vessels of one hundred and fifty tons. All the roads and highways are Iceland alone had poets after the Druid bards were exterminated. About the middle of the seventeenth century, the government issued a commission for the collection of the original manuscripts of the Edda, which had been published by Resen in 1665. macadamized, kept in excellent order, and are | ligious ceremonies of the nations of the North." under the direction of a superintendent of roads. This little kingdom pays great attention to education; every child, between the ages of seven and fourteen, is obliged by law to attend some school, and there is always a place of instruction in every village. There are about forty gymnasia in Denmark, in addition to normal schools and two universities-one at Copenhagen, the other at Kiel. The Government of Denmark is a "" constitutional, hereditary monarchy." The future sovereign, before he can ascend the throne, must be at least eighteen years of age; his person is inviolate, and he must profess the Lutheran religion; he is the head of the State, and his office corresponds very closely to that of the President of the United States; he can make all appointments, both civil and military, but they must be confirmed by the Diet. This body, which sits biennially, is composed of eighty members; twenty are appointed by the king, thirty by the storthings or local assemblies throughout the kingdom, and thirty more by the citizens. No taxes can be imposed without the consent of the Diet, and no laws passed by its members are valid till they receive the royal assent. Personal liberty, religious toleration, freedom of the press, the inviolability of private residences, and the right of public meetings, are recognized by law, and have been solemnly sanctioned by repeated enactments. Denmark is, next to England, the freest country in Europe, and, were not the climate so injurious to strangers, would be the residence of many political refugees. The literature of Denmark is very rich, and translations of some of the best works of her authors are used; her poetry is very fine. Several languages are spoken in Denmark-the Dansk, Svensk, and Norsk are all of Icelandic origin. This tongue is the source of all the poetry of the North, and ruled in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. It was spoken by the Scalds. The bards, troubadours, and storytellers used it in all their communications, and transferred it to stone. All the Runic inscriptions are in that dialect to this day. The Icelanders are the most cultivated people in the world. All, or nearly all, the village clergymen converse fluently in Latin, and every family has its reader. This idiom also existed among the Northern Irish and the Scottish islanders; but was gradually pushed aride by the German, and eventually was only to be found in the monasteries of Shalkolt. Pleif, the first Bishop, who carried a taste for letters into Iceland, was consecrated in the eleventh century; he was rather a voluminous writer, but none of his works are extant. Several learned prelates succeeded Pleif, but none of their writings are preserved. Ari Huni Frodi is the oldest of the Icelandic historians. The Edda, which was first collected in 1192, has been the subject of great admiration to many learned men, and is a storehouse of rich material "for the ancient manners and re The ballad-poetry of Denmark is exceedingly rich, masculine, and abundant; their date is uncertain. Rahbek, a poet of medium excellence, but a good critic and laborious writer, who was well versed in several languages, collected all these ancient remains in one volume. These would well repay a rendition into English. The versification pleases the ear; the imagery is bold and free; the poets sing the heroism of the warriors, their lofty deeds in life, and their final triumphs at the great banquets in the Volhalla. Other dialects are spoken in the different groups of islands, but all bear traces of the great mother-language from which they are derived. The Danish language, spoken in the higher and court circles, and used in diplomatic intercourse, is milder than the German, and has fewer aspirated and hissing sounds. The conquest of England by Canute, the sway of German rulers, and the Reformation exerted a powerful influence on the Danish literature. To the last it is indebted for much of its vigour and strength; but the use of the Gallic idiom as a court language, and the too frequent employment of the Latin by the learned, operated in bringing the Danish into disrepute. Towards the close of the seventeenth century, the national language again revived; it is now used very generally among the upper classes in Jutland, Denmark, and a part of Schleswig, among the Esquimaux in Greenland, and the islands of San Juan, St. Croix, and St. Thomas. Denmark has been exceedingly prolific in great truths in every department of literature; but the limits of our present article will scarcely permit us to more than mention the names and works of some of the principal Danish writersTycho Brahe, who flourished from 1546 to 1601, famed for his vast astronomical skill; Thomas Bartholin, who lived in 1616, equally celebrated as an anatomist, gave a great impetus to science. Holberg, who was born at Bergen, in Norway, in 1684, exercised a powerful and lasting influence on Danish literature; his talents were great and versatile, his learning very considerable, and, though his serious writings are highly prized, he himself preferred the regions of wit and humour. In these he is, perhaps, unmatched by any writer in the language. The subterranean voyage of Nicholas Klein was a very successful satire, and has been translated into many European tongues; Peter Paars, a comic heroic poem, has also much wit and humour. As a dramatic writer of short pieces, combining fun, broad comedy, and a truthful representation of nature, Holberg is very justly famed, neither is he ever wearisome, nor is the history spun out; they bear considerable re semblance to some of Toot's farces. The | tually wore the Norwegian crown for a few "Pewter Pot-Maker” is the best, and has passed months. Prior to this, his parents separated, into a national proverb, when a man has the were divorced, and the boy spent most of his vanity of wishing to leave the sphere in which time among soldiers and peasants. At sixteen he was born. Holberg was ennobled, and his he made the tour of Europe, and resided for death was greatly lamented. some time at Geneva, whence he returned home, Ewald holds a distinguished place as a lyrical imbued with republican ideas, and much better poet, and the crown of the university was fitted to be a disciple of Jean Jacques Rousawarded to him on the death of Frederick the seau than to wield a sceptre. But things had Fifth; the soul-stirring national ballad, "King greatly changed: his royal cousin, at the age of Christian by the mainmast stood," came from sixty, found himself without any male heirs. his pen; that alone would have immortalized His two daughters had long since passed the him. "The death of Beldor," and " Ralp bloom of early youth, and their father, deterKrage, a drama," are also numbered among his mined that they should marry, tendered the productions. His odes are fine, and the elegies Princess Wilhelmina to her cousin Frederick. of "Hope" and "Remembrance" are beautiful. | The youth refused, but the King was inflexible, But Fortune did not smile upon this gifted son and he was united, in 1828, to a woman he disof song, for forty years Indigence had been his liked, and whose haughty manners did not condaily companion, yet the great of the earth ciliate her spouse. He soon left her, and recontended who should bear his remains to the sided for some time at a inansion near the grave. Oehlenschlager holds rank, perhaps, in capital, where he assembled around him some of the estimation of some before any of the others, his former democratic associates, and contracted but he has modestly styled himself a third-class an intimacy with a certain Louise Rasmussen, poet. "The Death of Correggio," "Aladdin," the daughter of a small tradesman, but a girl of "Ascel and Waldberg," and "The Gospel of much wit and beauty. Such conduct drew the the Year," are all marked with fine imagery, King's ire upon the Prince, and, after a repridistinctness, and grace. This writer is particu- mand, he was sent to muse and philosophize, larly fortunate in his female characters. in 1857, to a fortress in Jutland, where he reWinther, Hendrich Hertz, Hendersen, N. F.mained till liberated by the King's death. At Mohlbeck, and Grundtvig, are the famous modern poets; there are also a great number of novelists, whose works meet a ready sale. F. C. Sibbern is the most independent thinker in the kingdom, and Oersted's "Aanden e Naturen" has been translated into most Euro-installed in a cottage, and avowed his inpean languages. Eschricht and Paulsen are zoologists. Other writers have presented valuable works on archæology and history to the public. Rask, Westergaard, and Fausböll are exceedingly eminent as linguists; and Nyerup, Petersen, and Müller have made very profound researches in Danish literature and history. Numerous critical editions of the remains of ancient Danish and Scandinavian literature have been issued, and Grundtvig stands at the head of the living historians of Denmark. a his father's accession to the throne he was divorced from the Princess Wilhelmina, and married a second time to the Princess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Chance, however, threw him into contact with his former love, whom he at once tention of protecting. At the end of five years the Crown-Prince was divorced from the Princess of Strelitz, who returned to her native country, and Louise Rasmussen was declared favourite entire. Christian the Eighth died on the 20th of January, 1848, and the first act of his son, on ascending the throne the same day, was to create his favourite Baroness Danner, and soon after Countess. This distinction was at first severely blamed by the nation; but the favourite was entirely on the popular side, and Frederick at once declared that he would rather resign his crown than separate from his friend, and such, in fact, very nearly ensued, when all Europe was suddenly convulsed by the French revolution. A mob of the ultra-radicals and the Scandinavian party thronged the palace, petitioning for reform, and using seditious lan As the duchies and Denmark now engross much of the public attention, short biographical notice of the late king may be suitably appended. The greatest English poet has well and justly remarked, "Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown,' and in no case was it more fully exemplified than in the person of Frederick the Seventh of Denmark, who has been styled by his contem-guage; but the King at once disarmed these poraries and the Danish press the republican king. No one ever accepted a diadem more reluctantly, nor wore it more unwillingly. Frederick was born October the 6th, 1808, about a year after the bombardment of Copenhagen by the British. His chances of succeeding to the throne were precarious, as his father was only cousin to the reigning king. This prince had two daughters, and was only forty; reasonable hopes might be expected of male issue. The father of Prince Frederick was engrossed with dreams of kingly sway, and ac factious spirits, by asserting that he would abdicate the crown, become the president of a republic, or withdraw entirely from public business, and thus morally intimidate his powerful neighbour. This was more than the nation either expected or desired, and intimated that they would only accept the new constitution guaranteed by the King. On the 7th of August, 1850, Frederick the Seventh was publicly married, at Fredericksburg, to the Countess Danner. This step greatly displeased the Danes, and, as it had long |