ZANNICHE'LLIA*. Linnean Class and Order. MONO'CIA†, MONA'NDRIA. Natural Order. FLUVIA'LES, Vent.-Lindl. Syn. p. 248.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 289.-Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 541.NAIADES, Juss. Gen. Pl. p. 18.-Sm. Gram. of Bot. p. 66.NAIADEÆ, Rich. by Macgilliv. p. 387.-JUNCALES; sect. NAYADINE; type, NAYADACEA; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 403 & 413.INUNDATE, Linn. GEN. CHAR. Barren Flower (fig. 1.) without either calyx or corolla. Filament (fig. 1.) solitary, sessile, simple, upright, taller than the fertile flower. Anthers (see figs. 1 & 2.) egg-oblong, upright, of 2 or 4 parallel cells. Fertile Flower (fig. 3.) solitary, by the side of the barren one. Calyx (Perianth) inferior, of 1 small, tumid, cloven leaf. Corolla none. Germens 4 or 5, seldom more, nearly sessile, oblong, blunt, incurved. Style (see fig. 3.) 1 to each germen, terminal, simple, upright, shorter than. the germen. Stigma (see fig. 3.) solitary, spreading, peltate, eggshaped, dilated, entire or toothed. Capsules (figs. 4 & 5.) nearly sessile, oblong, incurved, somewhat compressed, of 1 cell and 1 valve, not bursting; tumid and rugged at the outer edge; tipped with the permanent style. Seed (fig. 7.) solitary, of the form of the cell (see fig. 5.), monocotyledonous, with a very thin, simple, membranous skin. Embryo (see fig. 7.) central, tapering, incurved. Albumen none. The absence of an involucrum; the barren flower destitute of either calyx or corolla; the fertile flower with a calyx of 1 sepal, without a corolla; the 4 or more germens; and peltate stigmas; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order. One species British. ZANNICHE'LLIA PALU'STRIS. Common Horned-pondweed. SPEC. CHAR. Anthers 4-celled. Stigmas entire. Pericarps toothed on the back. HoOKER. Engl. Bot. t. 1844.-Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1375.-Huds. Fl. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 397.-Sm. Fl. Brit. v. iii. p. 955. Engl. Fl. v. iv. p. 70.-With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 8.-Gray's Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 32.-Lindl. Syn. p. 251.-Hook. Brit. Fl. p. 385. -Lightf. Fl. Scot. v. ii. p. 534.-Sibth. Fl. Oxon. p. 3.-Purt. Aidl. Fl. v. i. p. 434; and v. iii. p. 381.-Relh. Fl. Cantab. (3rd ed.) p. 373.-Hook. Fl. Scot. p.258.-Grev. Fl. Edin. p. 187.-Fl. Devon. pp. 145 & 113.-Johnston's Fl. of Berw. v. i. p. 197.-Dav. Welsh Bot. p. 83.-Walk. Fl. of Oxf. p. 263.-Perry's Pl. Varvic. Selectæ, p. 74.-Rev. G. E. Smith's Pl. of S. Kent, p. 6.-Bab. Fl. Bath. p. 48.-Mack. Catal. of Pl. of Ireland, p. 77.-Aponogeton aquaticum graminifolium staminibus singularibus, Ray's Syn. p. 135. Fig. 1. A Stamen, or Barren Flower.-Fig. 2. A transverse section of the Anther, showing the 4 cells.-Fig. 3. A Fertile Flower, showing its 4 germens, with their large flat stigmas.--Fig. 4. The Capsules.-Fig. 5. A vertical section of a Capsule.-Fig. 6. A transverse section of ditto.-Fig. 7. A Seed.-All more or less magnified. * So named by MICHELI, in honour of JOHN JEROME ZANNICHELLI, an eminent Venetian Apothecary and Botanist, who published a history of Plants, and flourished about 1702. He travelled with MICHELI along the shores of the Adriatic, and was particularly versed in marine plants and animals. MARTYN. † See Bryonia dioica, folio 83. LOCALITIES.-In ditches and ponds. Frequent.-Oxfordsh. Between Headington and the Wick: Dr. SIBTHORP. In the stream of water that divides Cowley Marsh from Bullington Green; W. B.-Cambridgesh. At Hinton, &c.: Rev. R. RELHAN.-Devon; In the Mill Pond at Lympstone.-Durham; In ditches near Gateshead; in ponds near Hilton Castle, at Hebburn Quay; and Monkwearmouth: N. J. WINCH, Esq. Kent; In ponds upon the green Sand: Rev. G. E. SMITH.-Lancash. Between Formby landmark and the sea, ten miles N. of Liverpool: Dr. BoSTOCK. In Tranmore pool, in the Mersey, opposite to Liverpool: Mr. SHEPHERD. Ditches in Birkdale, near Southport: G. CROSFIELD, Esq.-Northumberland; In ditches near St. Peter's Quay, and in ponds at St. Anthon's: WALKER and BENWELL. Ditches at the mouth of the Whiteadder. Pond at Scremmerston Lime-kilns; and in ditches near Windmill-hill: Dr. G. JOHNSTON. Somersetsh. In the Canal, between Sydeny Gardens and Bathampton: Mr. E. SIMMS.-Suffolk; Ditches near Bungay Mr. WOODWARD.-Warwicksh. Near Kinwarton, and Oversley; and in the neighbourhood of Alcester: Mr. PURTON. In a pond in a field at the end of the first lane on the right hand side of the Hillmorton upper streetroad, going from Rugby, near Mr. CLEAVER'S Garden, 1831: W. B.-Worcestersh. On Feckenham Moors: Mr. PURTON.-WALES. In the Isle of Anglesey: Rev. H. DAVIES.-Flintsh. Ditches adjoining Rhyd Marsh near Prestatyn Mr. GRIFFITH.-SCOTLAND. Lochend: Mr. NEILL. In a small pool near Luffness: Dr. GREVILLE.-IRELAND. Ditches at Sandymount, &c. Mr. J. T. MACKAY. : Annual.-Flowers from June to September. Root of several very slender fibres. Stems long, thread-shaped, smooth, very much branched, leafy, floating. Leaves numerous, opposite, frequently somewhat whorled, growing 3 or 4 together from the same joint of the stem, very narrow, strap-shaped, acute, entire, beautifully reticulated. Bracteas axillary, tubular, membranaceous, including one barren flower, consisting of a simple stamen; and one fertile flower on a short stalk. Anther oblong, with 4 furrows and 4 cells (see figs. 1 & 2.) on a long white filament (fig. 1.). Germens about 4 or 5, almost sessile, oblong, somewhat compressed. Styles short, with very broad, peltate, spreading stigmas, which are either quite entire, or slightly indented at the margin. Capsules oblong, compressed, their outer edge tuberculated or toothed, the teeth sometimes becoming long, and resembling short transparent spines. The whole plant is smooth, and has the habit of a Potamogeton. It is a native of most parts of Europe, and Virginia; and it is said to grow in the Thermal Mineral Waters of Albano, where the temperature of the water is at 95o. of Fahr. Zannichellia dentata of WILLDENOW, which is distinguished from the above species by its 2-celled anther, and toothed stigma, is admitted as a British plant by Mr. GRAY, but on what authority he does not mention. It was first separated from Z. palustris by Professor WILLDENOW, at the suggestion of Sir J. E. SMITH, who observes, that it was long ago well distinguished by MrCHELI, in his Nova Plantarum Genera, t. 34. f. 2. and that if he be correct as to the 2 cells of its anther, and the toothed stigmas, nothing can be more distinct. It may, says Sir JAMES, probably be found in England. The Rev. J. JACOB, LL. D. author of a very excellent, and extremely interesting and instructive "Flora of West Devon and Cornwall," now publishing in monthly numbers, has very recently sent me a dried specimen of a Zannichellia, which a friend of his, who discovered it, is inclined to think is Zannichellia dentata; but the specimen is not in a sufficiently perfect state to enable me to determine with certainty to which species it belongs. Z. palustris, in the neighbourhood of Oxford, has the stigmas frequently somewhat indented. HIERA'CIUM*. Linnean Class and Order. SYNGENE'SIA †, POLYGA'MIA ÆQUALIS +. Natural Order. COMPO'SITE §, Linnæus and Adanson. Tribe, CICHORA'CEE, Lindl. Syn. pp. 140, 142, & 156.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 197 & 201.-Loud. Hort. Brit. pp. 520 & 521.-CICHORACEAE, Juss. Gen. Pl. p. 168.-Sm. Gram. of Bot. p. 120.-SYNANTHE'REE, Rich. by Macgilliv. p. 454.SYRINGALES; subord. ASTEROSÆ; sect. ASTERINE; subsect. ASTERIANE; type, CICHORACEA; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 900, 901, 920, 924, & 935. GEN. CHAR. Involucrum (common calyx) (fig. 1.) egg-shaped, imbricated, of numerous strap-shaped, very unequal scales, which are moderately spreading when in seed, sometimes finally reflexed. Corolla (fig. 2.) compound; florets (fig. 3.) numerous, imbricated, uniform, perfect, strap-shaped, blunt, with 5 teeth. Filaments 5, hair-like, very short. Anthers (see fig. 3.) united into a cylindrical tube, much shorter than the floret. Germen (see fig. 3.) eggshaped. Style (see fig. 3.) thread-shaped, a little prominent. Stigmas (see fig. 3.) 2, recurved. Seed (figs. 4 & 5.) egg-shaped or oblong, angular, various in length, not beaked. Pappus (see figs. 4, 5, & 6) sessile, hair-like, uniform, simple, often minutely rough. Receptacle (fig. 7.) convex, nearly naked, dotted. The egg-shaped, imbricated involucrum; nearly naked, dotted receptacle; and simple, sessile pappus; will distinguish this from other genera, with ligulate or strap-shaped florets, in the same class and order. Nineteen species British. HIERA'CIUM UMBELLA'TUM. Umbelled Hawkweed. Narrow-leaved Hawkweed. Endive Hawkweed. SPEC. CHAR. Stem upright, simple, very leafy. Leaves strapspear-shaped, scattered, nearly smooth, slightly toothed. Flowers somewhat umbellate. Involucrum smooth. Engl. Bot. t. 1771.-Curt. Fl. Lond. t. .-Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1131.-Huds. Fl. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 346.--Sm. Fl. Brit. v. ii. p. 835.-Engl. Fl. v. iii. p. 369.— With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 899.-Gray's Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 424.-Lindl. Syn. p. 161.-Hook. Brit. Fl. p. 346.-Lightf. Fl. Scot. p. 439.-Sibth. Fl. Oxon. p. 242.-Abbot's Fl. Bedf. p. 171.-Purt. Midl. Fl. v. ii. p. 369. and v. iii. p. 374.Relh. Fl. Cantab (3rd ed.) p. 323.-Hook. Fl. Scot. p. 233.-Fl. Devon. pp. 131 & 156-Johnston's Fl. of Berw. v. i. p. 176.-Walk. Fl. of Oxf. p. 326.Perry's Pl. Varvic. Selectæ, p. 66.-Mack. Catal. of Pl. of Irel. p. 70.-Hierácium fruticosum angustifolium majus, Ray's Syn. p. 168.-Hierácium Intybaceum, Johnson's Gerarde, p. 298. --- Fig. 1. Involucrum or common Calyx.-Fig. 2. Corolla.-Fig. 3. A separate Floret, exhibiting the Germen, Pappus, Stamens, and Pistil.-Fig. 4. A Seed, crowned with the pappus or proper calyx.-Fig. 5. The same a little magnified.Fig. 6. Part of one of the rays of the Pappus more highly magnified. * From ierax, Gr. a hawk; because birds of prey were supposed to employ the juice of this plant to strengthen their powers of vision; or rather, perhaps, from the mixture of black and yellow in some species resembling the colour of a hawk's eye; whence, possibly, the English name Hawkweed. † See folio 91. See folio 147. See folio 27, a. |